ReDivia - Repositorio Digital de l'Instit Valencià d'Investigacions Agràries
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Actividad y efecto de nanopartículas de óxido de cobre frente a bacterias fitopatógenas.
Get PDFEn las últimas décadas, la Nanotecnología se ha convertido en una de las disciplinas más revolucionarias en el desarrollo de nuevos materiales. Debido a su pequeño tamaño (1-100 nm), las nanopartículas (NPs) presentan diversas propiedades, biológicas y físico-químicas, diferentes a los materiales a nivel macroscópico, lo que las dota de especial interés para muchos sectores como la industria farmacéutica, alimenticia, la biomedicina o las ciencias medioambientales
Crecimiento y características metabólicas diferenciadas de bovinos de razas con alto engrasamiento en un sistema de producción español
Get PDFLa producción de carne de vacuno con grasa altamente infiltrada tiene gran valor en el mercado mundial, debido a su excelente calidad y características organolépticas. Este tipo de carne puede obtenerse en su máxima calidad, de la raza wagyu (de origen japonés), de su cruce con la raza angus (wangus) o de la raza angus en pureza o en cruces con otras razas europeas (cruce comercial). La raza wagyu y sus cruces han sido poco estudiadas en sistemas de producción europeos y, por tanto, es difícil saber su comportamiento productivo y su eficiencia económica, comparada con razas europeas. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar el crecimiento y las características metabólicas (diferenciadas en wagyu; Piao da C. et al., 2015) de animales wagyu (WY), wangus (WN) y cruces comerciales (CC) en las primeras etapas de su crecimiento
Terminal Crossbreeding of Murciano-Granadina Goats to Boer Bucks: Effects on Reproductive Performance of Goats and Growth of Kids in Artificial Rearing
Get PDFThe aim of this work was to improve the growth characteristics of Murciano-Granadina (MG) kids through terminal crossbreeding of MG goats to Boer bucks. Four experiments were carried out, using a total of 354 MG goats, half of which were mated with MG bucks (n = 12) and the other half with Boer bucks (n = 12). The kids were raised in artificial rearing until slaughter weight (9 kg). The birth weight and average daily gain were recorded in crossed kids (n = 197 and 145, respectively) and purebred kids (n = 257 and 169, respectively). Crossed kids presented significant differences (p < 0.001) compared to MG purebred kids in birth weight (+ 24%), mortality in artificial rearing (−37%), average daily gain (+32%) and milk powder conversion rate (−16%). However, the reproductive performance rates of MG goats mated with Boer bucks were slightly worse (pregnancy rate: 78.5% vs. 86.6%, p < 0.05; kidding rate: 62.0% vs. 75.7%; p < 0.01; prolificacy: 1.9 vs. 2.1 kids/parturition), especially when the matings took place in non-breeding season (experiments conducted at latitude 38–39° N). It is concluded that the terminal crossbreeding of MG goats to Boer bucks (those not used to produce replacement kids) could be an interesting option for ethical goat production
Sales GRAS (aditivos alimentarios) para el control de enfermedades de poscosecha de cítricos
Get PDFLas pérdidas económicas ocasionadas por las enfermedades de poscosecha de los frutos cítricos constituyen uno de los principales problemas del sector a nivel mundial. En zonas citrícolas con verano poco lluviosos, como España o Uruguay, las principales enfermedades son las podredumbres verde y azul, causadas por los hongos Penicillium digitatum y P. italicum respectivamente, y la podredumbre amarga causada por Geotrichum citri-aurantii. El control de estas enfermedades se realiza mayoritariamente mediante tratamientos en las centrales citrícolas con fungicidas químicos de síntesis (imazalil, ortofenilfenol, pirimetanil, etc.), pero la presión legislativa debida a la generación de residuos químicos, la proliferación de cepas de hongos patogénicas resistentes, las limitaciones no reguladas por parte de grandes clientes de exportación y el incremento de los mercados con sello residuo cero y ecológicos evidencian la necesidad de encontrar alternativas a este control químico convenciona
Honeydew as a newly described route of insecticide exposure to beneficial insects
Get PDFBeneficial insects provide vital ecosystem services including pollination, biological control of pests and weeds, nutrient cycling and providing food sources to higher trophic levels in the food web (Resh and Cardé, 2009). These ecosystem services are of such
importance that their annual value has been estimated to be at least 4.49 billion, or 1.7 billion (van Lenteren et al., 2017)
Applying User Centred Design to Improve the Design of Genomic User Interfaces
No full textThe genomic domain is a complex data environment that has grown exponentially. Several tools have been developed to extract knowledge from this immense amount of data. Knowledge extraction processes depend to a large extent on how easy and intuitive are the user interfaces of the tools that are used by bioinformaticians. However, genomic tools have frequently ignored the design process of their User Interfaces. Consequently, they have important usability problems that complicates knowledge extraction. User Centered Design (UCD) is a design approach that can be used to improve the usability of genomic tools. It consists on putting the user and its real needs at the center of the design process. Improving the usability of these tools will facilitate
knowledge extraction. This paper reports the application of the UCD approach to design a tool that improves knowledge extraction processes in a real world-use case. From a general perspective, UCD consists of “user research” and “design solutions”. The first one was carried out by conducting UCD techniques, including user interviews and task analysis. The second one was carried out by applying GenomIUm, a pattern-based method that guides the design process of genomic user interfaces. As a fundamental part in the UCD approach, the generated user interfaces were validated by expert bioinformaticians who reported that the complexity of
extracting knowledge from genomic data was reduced. We conclude that UCD techniques together with GenomIUm can be a useful strategy to design more usable user interfaces in the genomic domain
Tracking the outbreak: an optimized sequential adaptive strategy for Xylella fastidiosa delimiting surveys
Get PDFThe EU plant health legislation enforces
the implementation of intensive surveillance programs
for quarantine pests. After an outbreak, surveys are
implemented to delimit the extent of the infested zone
and to manage disease control. Surveillance in agricultural
and natural environments can be enhanced by
increasing the survey efforts. Budget constraints often
limit inspection and sampling intensities, thus making
it necessary to adapt and optimize surveillance
strategies. A sequential adaptive delimiting survey
involving a three-phase and a two-phase design with
increasing spatial resolution was developed and
implemented for the Xylella fastidiosa demarcated
area in Alicante, Spain. Inspection and sampling
intensities were optimized using simulation-based
methods. Sampling intensity thresholds were evaluated
by quantifying their effect on the estimation of X.
fastidiosa incidence. This strategy made it possible to
sequence inspection and sampling taking into account
increasing spatial resolutions, and to adapt the inspection
and sampling intensities according to the information
obtained in the previous, coarser, spatial
resolution. The proposed strategy was able to efficiently
delimit the extent of Xylella fastidiosa, while
improving on the efficiency and maintaining the
efficacy of the official survey campaign. From a
methodological perspective, our approach provides
new insights into alternative delimiting designs and
new reference sampling intensity value
Quality Parameters of Spanish Lemons with Commercial Interest
Get PDFThe Spanish Mediterranean region concentrates the largest producers of lemons (Citrus limon Burm. f.) at the national level where the 98.4% of the cultivated area of lemons corresponds to the varieties “Verna” and “Fino”. In this study, the morphological and chemical
variations of the fruits obtained in five variety/rootstock combinations were investigated in order to determine the influence and impact of the rootstock on the physicochemical properties of the fruits. The assay was carried out using three lemon varieties (“Fino 95”, “Fino 49” and “Verna”) grafted onto two different rootstocks (Citrus macrophylla and Citrus aurantium). The varieties were selected due to be consolidated commercial varieties, while the rootstocks are the most commonly used in the world. Both the morphological characteristics of the fruits (colour, weight, size) as well as their
physicochemical characteristics (total soluble solids, titratable acidity, maturity index, antioxidant activity, sugars, and organic acids) were evaluated. Based on the results, the lemons with the best
physicochemical and the best compositional characteristics were obtained in the “Fino 95” and “Fino 49” lemons grafted onto C. aurantium rootstock presented the highest quality fruits
Commensal Escherichia coli Antimicrobial Resistance and Multidrug-Resistance Dynamics during Broiler Growing Period: Commercial vs. Improved Farm Conditions
Get PDFNew measures applied to reduce antimicrobial resistances (AMR) at field level in broiler
production are focused on improving animals’ welfare and resilience. However, it is necessary to
have better knowledge of AMR epidemiology. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate AMR and
multidrug resistance (MDR) dynamics during the rearing of broilers under commercial (33 kg/m2
density and max. 20 ppm ammonia) and improved (17 kg/m2 density and max. 10 ppm ammonia)
farm conditions. Day-old chicks were housed in two poultry houses (commercial vs. improved),
and no antimicrobial agents were administered at any point. Animals were sampled at arrival day,
mid-period and at slaughter day. High AMR rates were observed throughout rearing. No statistical
differences were observed between groups. Moreover, both groups presented high MDR at slaughter
day. These results could be explained by vertical or horizontal resistance acquisition. In conclusion,
AMR and MDR are present throughout rearing. Moreover, although a lower level of MDR was
observed at mid-period in animals reared under less intensive conditions, no differences were found
at the end. In order to reduce the presence of AMR bacteria in poultry, further studies are needed to
better understand AMR acquisition and prevalence in differing broiler growing conditions
External Quality of Mandarins: Influence of Fruit Appearance Characteristics on Consumer Choice
Get PDFIn a pre-purchase situation, consumer perception of mandarin quality is almost exclusively based on fruit appearance. Determination of consumer requirements in this regard is needed to preserve the current success of this crop in markets worldwide. In this study, the effect on consumer choice of different appearance characteristics that can occur mainly in early-season mandarins was quantified. Two independent Choice-Based Conjoint Analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of different external mandarin factors: (1) two factors linked mainly with harvesting practices: ‘Leaf’ (no leaves but sound calyx/fresh leaf/dehydrated leaf) and ‘Rind Colour’ (orange colour/rind with slightly greenish areas); (2) three factors related to postharvest handling: ‘Calyx Condition’ (sound/blackening/detached),’Waxing’ (absence/presence of wax), and ‘Rind Condition’ (dehydrated/turgid). A total of 280 consumers participated in each study. The evaluation of the factors linked with harvesting revealed four different choice patterns. Leaf presence was appreciated only by a small group of consumers (20%), and the presence of greenish areas on the rind was perceived mostly as a negative characteristic. Among the evaluated postharvest-related factors, ‘Waxing’ and ‘Calyx condition’ had the strongest effect on consumer choice. Consumers showed marked preferences for mandarins that had been waxed and presented shine and gloss. Calyx blackening and detachment had a negative effect mainly on waxed fruit, while rind dehydration more negatively affected the fruit that had not been waxed. Consumer perception of mandarin quality is importantly affected by external mandarin characteristics. The information herein reported can be very useful for the citrus industry for adapting quality control criteria that respond to consumer demands