ReDivia - Repositorio Digital de l'Instit Valencià d'Investigacions Agràries
Not a member yet
2747 research outputs found
Sort by
Recubrimientos comestibles antifúngicos para la preservación de fruta fresca en poscosecha
Get PDFLas pérdidas de fruta fresca en poscosecha son causadas principalmente por pérdida de peso, alteraciones fisiológicas y podredumbres causadas por hongos filamentosos. Actualmente, estas pérdidas se reducen mediante conservación frigorífica y tratamientos poscosecha con fungicidas químicos convencionales y/o ceras sintéticas. Sin embargo, el uso continuado de
tratamientos químicos conlleva importantes problemas como son la generación de residuos químicos y su presencia en la fruta, con los consiguientes riesgos para el consumidor, y la proliferación de cepas fúngicas patogénicas resistentes. Por tanto, deben implementarse comercialmente tratamientos alternativos sostenibles y seguros como parte de estrategias de control integrado no contaminante de enfermedades de poscosecha (CINCEP)
Caracterización genómica y filogenética de bacteriófagos líticos de Ralstonia solanacearum con capacidad de biocontrol en agua medioambiental y en planta
Get PDFRalstonia solanacearum, agente etiológico de la marchitez bacteriana, es una de las bacterias fitopatógenas más devastadoras. Los virus bacteriófagos (fagos) que la infectan pueden ser agentes prometedores de control biológico que permitan agrosistemas sostenibles. Tres fagos líticos de R. solanacearum, vRsoP-WF2, vRsoP-WM2 y vRsoP-WR2, aislados de agua de distintos ríos españoles han demostrado su capacidad de biocontrol del patógeno tanto en agua medioambiental como en planta, siendo necesaria su caracterización genómica para profundizar en el conocimiento de su biología. En este trabajo, se secuenciaron y realizaron análisis bioinformáticos de los genomas completos de los tres fagos, así como análisis filogenéticos con una selección de fagos activos frente a R. solanacearum y a la especie fitopatógena estrechamente relacionada R. pseudosolanacearum
Idoneidad de especies vegetales para el desarrollo poblacional de Neophilaenus campestris (Fallén) (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae)
Get PDFEl conocimiento de la biología y dinámica poblacional de los insectos vectores de la bacteria fitopatógena Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al., 1987, es fundamental para llevar a cabo un adecuado control de las enfermedades que produce en plantas cultivadas, por medio del manejo de dichos vectores. En la Comunidad Valenciana, en la Zona Demarcada por presencia de la bacteria localizada en la provincia de
Alicante, Philaenus spumarius (Linnaeus, 1758), Neophilaenus campestris (Fallén, 1805) y Neophilaenus lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758) han evidenciado portar la bacteria, si bien solo las dos primeras especies son vectores reconocidos en Europa
Alternative means for controlling pomegranate postharvest decay
Get PDFPomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivation in southern Italy is gaining increasing interest due to favorable environmental conditions and the beneficial effects on human health. Both, in the field and postharvest product losses, especially in organic fruit production, represent the chief concern for this high-priced chain. Main postharvest pomegranate diseases are caused by latent pathogens that infect pomegranates during blooming stage (Coniella granati, Alternaria spp., Botrytis spp.), and secondarily by wound pathogens (Penicillium spp. and Aspergillus spp.) affecting fruit during processing from harvest until storage
The impact of replacing barley by dehydrated orange pulp in finishing pig diets on performance, carcass quality, and gaseous emissions from slurry
Get PDFUsing agricultural by-products such as dehydrated orange pulp (DOP) in animal feeds is of interest to increase pig sector sustainability. With this aim, an assay was carried out to assess the effects of increasing inclusion levels of DOP in pig diets regarding animal performance, carcass quality, and environmental impact. Four experimental diets were designed, a control diet (T1) and three more diets with increasing levels of DOP with 80, 160, and 240 g/kg of DOP for diets T2, T3, and T4, respectively. One hundred and sixty growing pigs were used in the experiment. Growth performance (average daily gain, ADG; average daily feed intake, ADFI and feed conversion ratio, FCR) and in vivo backfat thickness (BF) and loin depth (LD) gain were recorded during the finishing phase (from 70 to 130 kg BW). Faecal samples were incubated for bacteria enumeration. At slaughter, carcass characteristics and meat quality traits were measured, and subcutaneous fat was sampled to analyse the fatty acid (FA) profile. Additionally, the slurry excreted by the animals was measured, characterised and subjected to a gaseous emission assay during
its storage. The final BW and overall ADFI, ADG and FCR were similar among treatments. In vivo final LD and BF gain decreased (P < 0.10) as the inclusion level of DOP increased. No differences were observed in carcass characteristics with the inclusion of DOP, except carcass weight that decreased linearly (P = 0.05) with DOP. Regarding the FA profile of the subcutaneous fat, the ratio of total monounsaturated to saturated FA increased with the inclusion level of DOP. Neither slurry excretion and characterisation nor bacterial counts from faeces showed any significant difference among treatments. The inclusion of DOP led
to greater CH4 emissions in mg per L of slurry and hour, whereas these differences disappeared when expressed in mg per animal and day. In all, it has been demonstrated that the inclusion of DOP up to 240 mg/kg in pig diets had minor effects on growth performance, carcass quality traits or gaseous emissions from slurry, favouring the circular economy strategy and pig sector sustainability
First record of Tinocallis zelkowae (Takahashi, 1919) (Hemiptera aphididae calaphidinae) in the Iberian peninsula
Get PDFThe East-Asian aphid Tinocallis (Tinocallis) zelkowae is recorded for the first time in the Iberian Peninsula on Zelkova serrata (Ulmaceae) in the Viveros Gardens of the city of Valencia (Spain). This is the second record of the species in Europe, after being cited on a Japanese zelkova bonsai in England in 1974. Alate viviparous females and sexuales (winged males and apterous oviparae) are here described, and we present the molecular sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I, which allows comparison with the recently described T. (T.) latifoliae on in Zelkova serrata var. latifolia. It is the fifth species of Tinocallis genus that is known in territories of Iberian Peninsula, three of which are also native to Southeast Asia
DRIS Norms and Sufficiency Ranges for Persimmon ‘Rojo Brillante’ Grown under Mediterranean Conditions in Spain
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to establish DRIS (Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System) norms and Nutritional Optimal Ranges (NOR) for ‘Rojo Brillante’ Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) ‘Ribera del Xúquer’. The database contained 800 leaf samples collected in different crop phenological stages [after flowering (AF), fruit enlargement (FE), fruit colouring (FC), and harvesting HV)]. DRIS norms (78) were established for macronutrients: N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S; micronutrients B, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn and salinity elements: Na and Cl. The Nutrient Balance Index (NBI; the absolute value of the sum of the DRIS indices) was used to determine the optimal sampling period. Fruit enlargement was the period during which persimmon trees were more nutritionally balanced regardless of sprout origin (vegetative or floral) and irrigation type (drip or flood) in orchards
Pest survey card on Pseudocercospora angolensis
Get PDFThis pest survey card was prepared in the context of the EFSA mandate on plant pest surveillance (M-2020-0114), at the request of the European Commission. Its purpose is to guide the Member States in preparing data and information for Pseudocercospora angolensis surveys. These are required to design statistically sound and risk-based pest surveys, in line with current international standards. The fungus P. angolensis is a clearly defined taxonomic entity affecting Citrus species. Pseudocercospora angolensis is a Union quarantine pest not known to occur in the EU. The import of host plants is prohibited from third countries while special requirements are in place for the import of host fruit, which is the main pathway for the entry of this pest into the EU. Pseudocercospora angolensis produces conidia on lesions in plant tissues that can be disseminated by wind and/or rain, but dispersal distances are not known. Mild temperatures and prolonged periods of wetness are necessary for infection. Lesions on the leaves and fruit appear two to three weeks after infection. All commercial citrus species are susceptible to the fungus. Due to the wide availability of host species and climatic suitability, all citrus-growing areas in the EU are considered potentially suitable for the establishment of the pest. Long-distance spread is likely to occur through the movement of infected plant material. To increase the likelihood of detecting the pest, visual examination of symptoms should preferably be conducted in autumn before the harvest period. Symptoms caused by P. angolensis are non-specific; therefore, visual examination should be followed by molecular tests to identify the pest. Three main approaches for identifying P. angolensis in the laboratory are presented. Based on the analyses of the information on the pest–host plant system, the various units that are needed to design a survey should be defined and tailored to the situation in each Member State
Modelización del inóculo aéreo de Polystigma amygdalinum para optimizar el control de la mancha ocre del almendro
Get PDFLa mancha ocre del almendro, causada por el ascomiceto Polystigma amygdalinum, es una de las enfermedades foliares más importantes de este cultivo en la cuenca mediterránea. El patógeno pasa el invierno en la hojarasca, donde maduran peritecios y ascosporas. Las ascosporas se liberan en primavera, dando lugar a nuevas infecciones. La principal estrategia de control de esta enfermedad consiste en la aplicación periódica de fungicidas. El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en desarrollar un modelo matemático para predecir la liberación de ascosporas a lo largo de la temporada del cultivo
Regulatory circuits involving bud dormancy factor PpeDAM6
Get PDFDORMANCY-ASSOCIATED MADS-BOX (DAM) genes have recently emerged as key potential regulators of the dormancy cycle and climate adaptation in perennial species. Particularly, PpeDAM6 has been proposed to act as a major repressor of bud dormancy release and bud break in peach (Prunus persica). PpeDAM6 expression is downregulated concomitantly with the perception of a given genotype-dependent accumulation of winter chilling time, and the coincident enrichment in H3K27me3 chromatin modification at a specific genomic region. We have identified three peach BASIC PENTACYSTEINE PROTEINs (PpeBPCs) interacting with two GA-repeat motifs present in this H3K27me3-enriched region. Moreover, PpeBPC1 represses PpeDAM6 promoter activity by transient expression experiments. On the other hand, the heterologous overexpression of PpeDAM6 in European plum (Prunus domestica) alters plant vegetative growth, resulting in dwarf plants tending toward shoot meristem collapse. These alterations in vegetative growth of transgenic lines associate with impaired hormone homeostasis due to the modulation of genes involved in jasmonic acid, cytokinin, abscisic acid, and gibberellin pathways, and the downregulation of shoot meristem factors, specifically in transgenic leaf and apical tissues. The expression of many of these genes is also modified in flower buds of peach concomitantly with PpeDAM6 downregulation, which suggests a role of hormone homeostasis mechanisms in PpeDAM6-dependent maintenance of floral bud dormancy and growth repression