ReDivia - Repositorio Digital de l'Instit Valencià d'Investigacions Agràries
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Preliminary investigations on the effect of low-pressure treatment on in vitro and in vivo growth of Penicillium sp. in oranges
Get PDFPenicillium digitatum is the major pathogen causing postharvest decay in citrus fruit and is the organism responsible for green mould. P. digitatum decay is currently managed with synthetic fungicides but there is a growing consumer need to reduce the reliance on synthetic fungicides and find alternative non-synthetic treatments. Low-pressure treatments may offer a potential solution for the storage and transport of citrus, as it is a physical treatment and does not leave any chemical residues. To test the effectiveness of low pressure storage treatments on the growth of P. digitatum, small-scale laboratory experiments were conducted with low pressure chambers. P. digitatum was grown on PDA agar plates and exposed to low pressure (4 kPa) for 3 and 6 days at 10°C before radial growth assessments in air at regular (101 kPa) atmospheres. The results showed that low pressure treatments slowed the radial growth of P. digitatum in vitro. In a further experiment on oranges, P. digitatum infected fruit were treated with low pressure (4 kPa) at 5°C for up to 22 days. This experiment also showed a reduced growth of P. digitatum in vivo. These results show the potential to control the growth of P. digitatum at low pressure treatments and further experimentation should be conducted
Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca and multiplex elicit differential responses in a susceptible olive cultivar
Get PDFIn this work, we compared under greenhouse conditions, the response of the olive cultivar “Cellina di Nardò” to infections caused by the strains De Donno (subsp. pauca, ST53) and ESVL (subsp. multiplex, ST6), as this cultivar is one of the most susceptible in the Italian outbreak. The data showed that: (I) strain De Donno systemically colonized the plants faster than the strain ESLV; (II) 1.5 years post-inoculation, the bacterial population detected in the plants systemically infected was ~25 times higher for strain De Donno than ESLV; (III) a severe shoot dieback were detected on the De Donno-infected plants, whereas up to 3 years post-inoculation no dieback and desiccations have been recorded on the ESLV-infected plants
Promoting Food Waste Reduction at Primary Schools. A Case Study
Get PDFFood waste (FW) has recently attracted the interest of different institutions and has been the focus of many studies due to its important environmental, social and economic impact. This paper aims to analyze whether a didactic intervention, consisting of informing teachers and pupils and involving pupils in reducing FW, could bring about changes in the level of knowledge and attitude towards FW and in the amount of FW generated during the mid-morning break and lunch at schools. This study was conducted at a public Primary School in Valencia (Spain). Subtle changes in the level of knowledge and attitude towards FW were detected in teachers and pupils after the intervention. Around 30% of FW reduction at lunch was observed in the intervention group but not in the other groups. A decrease of almost half of the average weight was observed during the mid-morning break in the rest of primary groups. The results apparently show that addressing the FW issue in classrooms can have a very positive effect on children’s attitudes. As it is such a cross-cutting issue; it raises awareness about a large group of Sustainable Development Goals, and encourages these young citizens to make conscious decisions and to act responsibly
¿Cómo ser una planta de pimiento y sobrevivir a las altas temperaturas?: Tecnología del injerto
Get PDFEn la actualidad, el estrés térmico por altas temperaturas es uno de los factores más importantes que afectan al rendimiento de los cultivos. Esta situación se ve agravada por el escenario de calentamiento global principalmente en la cuenca Mediterránea. En el cultivo forzado de pimiento, este se ve sometido a temperaturas superiores a los 35º C, lo cual impacta negativamente sobre la
producción y la calidad de los frutos. La tecnología del injerto en pimiento es una herramienta eficiente para adaptar las variedades al estrés abiótico, principalmente se han realizado estudios sobre la mejora en condiciones de estrés hídrico y salino. Sin embargo, muy pocos estudios se han llevado a cabo sobre la capacidad de los patrones de pimiento en inducir tolerancia a la variedad en condiciones de alta temperatura. En este estudio, siete accesiones de pimiento utilizadas como patrones han sido testadas para estudiar su efecto sobre una variedad de pimiento comercial “Herminio F1” comparando además con la variedad sin injertar
Análisis genómico y filogenético de bacteriófagos con actividad lítica y potencial de control biológico de la bacteria fitopatógena Ralstonia solanacearum
Get PDFRalstonia solanacearum produce marchitez bacteriana, una de las enfermedades de plantas más destructivas. Mientras que el control químico en campo supone un impacto ambiental, las estrategias de control biológico permiten agrosistemas más sostenibles. Se aislaron tres bacteriófagos (fagos) líticos de R. solanacearum, vRsoP-WF2, vRsoP-WM2 y vRsoP-WR2 con capacidad de biocontrol en agua ambiental y planta, pero solo se realizó una identificación inicial, siendo su caracterización
genómica fundamental para comprender mejor su biología
Nuevas fuentes de orujo de aceituna para porcino: resultados preliminares
Get PDFEspaña es el mayor productor de aceite de oliva del mundo (FAOSTAT, 2019), generando grandes cantidades de subproductos como el orujo de aceituna, formado por la pulpa, piel y hueso de la aceituna. Éste se caracteriza por presentar un elevado contenido de fibra, variable contenido en grasa y un valor energético moderado-bajo en porcino (Ferrer et al., 2019). En el proceso de deshidratación convencional del orujo se genera un subproducto compuesto por las partículas que se recolectan en los decantadores de los extractores de aire (orujo ciclón, OC; Navarro, 2019). Este subproducto, puede presentar una composición diferente al orujo graso (OG). El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el coeficiente de digestibilidad aparente de la energía (CDAE) del OC, en comparación con el OG, y sus efectos sobre la fermentación intestinal
Dosis de inseminación de caprino expedidas desde el centro de reproducción de Segorbe (Castellón) entre 2016 y 2020
Get PDFLa inseminación es uno de los pilares en los que se basan los programas de mejora genética en especies ganaderas. A través de la inseminación artificial (IA) se conectan genéticamente los rebaños, se valoran los machos en prueba y se difunde la mejora genética a través del semen de los machos mejorantes (Mocé et al., 2019). El centro de IA de Segorbe (Castellón) es uno de los actuales cinco (Córdoba, Granada, Toro, Segorbe, Valdepeñas) centros de recogida de semen, que alojan sementales utilizados en el programa nacional de la raza caprina Murciano-Granadina. Aunque es posible encontrar información oficial acerca del número de dosis de semen congelado producidas y almacenadas (https://servicio.mapama.gob.es/arca/flujos.html), es muy complicado conocer el número y tipo de dosis realmente expedidas para inseminación. El objetivo de este trabajo es dar a
conocer cuál ha sido el número de dosis de inseminación comercializadas en un centro de IA de caprino de raza Murciano-Granadina durante el periodo 2016-2020
Correction to: Orius laevigatus strengthens its role as a biological control agent by inducing plant defenses
No full textThe authors regret that values of χ2 and P were published
incorrectly. Therefore, the authors would like to include
the following changes in the published article
Landscape Epidemiology of Xylella fastidiosa in the Balearic Islands
Get PDFXylella fastidiosa (Xf ) is a vascular plant pathogen native to the Americas. In 2013, it
was first reported in Europe, implicated in a massive die-off of olive trees in Apulia, Italy. This
finding prompted mandatory surveys across Europe, successively revealing that the bacterium was
already established in some distant areas of the western Mediterranean. To date, the Balearic Islands
(Spain) hold the major known genetic diversity of Xf in Europe. Since October 2016, four sequence
types (ST) belonging to the subspecies fastidiosa (ST1), multiplex (ST7, ST81), and pauca (ST80) have
been identified infecting 28 host species, including grapevines, almond, olive, and fig trees. ST1
causes Pierce’s disease (PD) and together with ST81 are responsible for almond leaf scorch disease
(ALSD) in California, from where they were introduced into Mallorca in around 1993, very likely via
infected almond scions brought for grafting. To date, almond leaf scorch disease affects over 81% of
almond trees and Pierce’s disease is widespread in vineyards across Mallorca, although producing on
average little economic impact. In this perspective, we present and analyze a large Xf -hosts database
accumulated over four years of field surveys, laboratory sample analyses, and research to understand
the underlying causes of Xf emergence and spread among crops and wild plants in the Balearic
Islands. The impact of Xf on the landscape is discussed
Carotenoids in dehydrated persimmon: Antioxidant activity, structure, and photoluminescence
No full textIn this study, the effect of two hot air drying conditions (40 °C for 23 h and 60 °C for 9 h) on the content, antioxidant activity, microstructure, and luminescence properties of persimmon carotenoids in three ripening stages was studied. Based on the results from total carotenoids content and HPLC analysis, the carotenoid's content increased with the advance of ripening, highlighting the β-cryptoxanthin fraction. In addition, drying treatments did not affect the carotenoid content and profile but decreased the antioxidant activity. Microstructural studies showed that the ripening progress and/or drying treatments, led persimmon tissues to lose integrity, allowing the diffusion of carotenoids and their degradation. Photoluminescence measurements evidenced the synthesis of β-cryptoxanthin during the fruit ripening. After drying, a new emitting specie at 340 nm was attributed to the carotenoid's isomerisation while the emission at 500 nm experienced a shift that was related to the formation of thermal degradation products. Both facts could explain the loss of antioxidant activity in persimmon submitted to drying treatments. In this sense, photoluminescence, in combination with spectrophotometric, chromatographic and structural techniques, helps to understand the phenomena caused by both, ripening and drying treatments, in the persimmon's carotenoids fraction