ReDivia - Repositorio Digital de l'Instit Valencià d'Investigacions Agràries
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Subcellular effects of broad bean wilt virus 1 infection in Nicotiana benthamiana and broad bean plants
Get PDFBroad bean wilt virus 1 (BBWV-1) from the genus Fabavirus (family Secoviridae) infects many important crops worldwide. We have studied the subcellular alterations in leaf tissues of Nicotiana benthamiana and broad bean (Vicia faba) plants infected by BBWV-1 using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, we have studied the effect at the subcellular level of the BBWV-1 VP37 protein, which is a pathogenicity and host specificity determinant. For this, we agroinfiltrated N. benthamiana, and broad bean plants with two BBWV-1 infective clones, the wild type pBBWV1-wt and pBBWV1-G492C defective for VP37. Mesophyll cells infected with BBWV1-wt showed many subcellular alterations such as starch accumulation and plastoglobuli in chloroplasts, cytoplasmic vesiculation, plasmalemmasomes, vacuolar inclusion bodies, and presence of virus-like particles (VLPs) scattered in the cytoplasm in both N. benthamiana and broad bean. As differential effects, aggregated VLPs in vacuolar inclusion bodies and mitochondrial proliferation were observed in N. benthamiana but not in broad bean. TEM observation of pBBWV1-G492C infected tissues suggested that VP37 could be involved in the starch accumulation in both N. benthamiana and broad bean, and with the presence of aggregated VLPs in vacuolar inclusion bodies, plasmalemmasomes, and mitochondrial proliferation in N. benthamiana. Thus, subcellular alterations induced by BBWV-1 depended on the host species and the effect of VP37 expression was higher in N. benthamiana than in broad bean
Persimmon production in Spain
No full textPersimmon species (Diospyros kaki) was introduced in the Mediterranean in the XVII century. Despite this late introduction, it was very well adapted to the Mediterranean Basin countries and developed different cultivars in Spain, Italy and Greece. In Spain, the species remained as isolated trees for family consumption and a few hectares were cultivated until the end of the XX century. This situation changed at the end of the 90s, in which the province of Valencia arose as an important region for persimmon production and Huelva a second production area. Valencia accounts for 90% of the Spanish production. The production in Valencia is based on the cultivar ‘Rojo Brillante’ while the production in Huelva is based on the cultivar ‘Triumph’. Both cultivars are PVA type and hence the astringency needs to be removed before marketing. Due to the high quality and productivity of the cultivar ‘Rojo Brillante’, in the last 20 years the Spanish production increased from a few tons not included in the statistics of the Ministry of Agriculture to 500,000 tons. Spain ranks now as the third producing country after China and Korea. The production is based on the cultivar ‘Rojo Brillante’. Increasing the number of varieties of PCNA type is being difficult by the lack of availability of compatible rootstocks adapted to the Mediterranean soils
Occurrence and distribution of Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on tomato crops in Panama
Get PDFThe main open-field and greenhouse producer regions of tomato in Panama (Los Santos, Herrera, Veraguas and Chiriquí provinces) were surveyed to determine the occurrence and distribution of Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum during the growing seasons of 2017 and 2018. Twenty-two plots were surveyed, and DNA extracts of 112 adult whiteflies were analyzed by multiplex PCR, using a set of specific primers of B. tabaci MEAM1, B. tabaci NW, and T. vaporariorum. DNA extracts corresponding to 57 individual whiteflies (50.9 %) rendered PCR products of expected size with B. tabaci-specific primers (37 belonged to B. tabaci MEAM1 and 20 to B. tabaci NW), whereas the remaining DNA extracts corresponding to 55 individual whiteflies (49.1 %) rendered the product of the expected size with T. vaporariorumspecific primers. The sequencing of those PCR products and BLAST analysis allowed for the identification of B. tabaci MEAM1, B. tabaci NW, and T. vaporariorum. Bemisia tabaci NW was detected in all four provinces, while B. tabaci MEAM1 was detected in the provinces of Los Santos, Herrera and Chiriquí, and T. vaporariorum was detected only in the province of Chiriquí. Bemisia tabaci MEAM1, B. tabaci NW and T. vaporariorum were detected in both production systems (open fields and greenhouse). Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 and B. tabaci NW were detected in the tropical rainforest (Af) and tropical savanna (Aw) climates, at an altitudinal range of 19–1543 meters above sea level (MASL), while Trialeurodes vaporariorum was found only in the Af climate, at an altitudinal range of 818–1661 MASL. To our knowledge, this is not only the first report of B. tabaci MEAM1 and B. tabaci NW at an altitude above 1000 MASL in Panama, but it is also the first report of T. vaporariorum at an altitude under 1000 MASL in this country. Information about the identification and geographic distribution of whiteflies in Panama will help to design effective strategies for pest management
Microbiota in Goat Buck Ejaculates Differs Between Breeding and Non-breeding Seasons
Get PDFChanges in semen microbiota are associated with alterations to sperm quality and fertility. However, the microbiota from most livestock species has not yet been studied. Goats are seasonal breeders, but semen microbiota has never been described in this species, and it is unknown how seasonality affects it. Our study objective is 2-fold: to describe the microbiota in goat buck ejaculates and to determine if it differs between breeding and non-breeding seasons. Semen from six males of the Murciano-Granadina breed was collected during both seasons. Two replicates were performed per male and season on different days. The microbiota was characterized by genomic sequencing technology. Sperm quality was also evaluated. Repetition was not significant for the studied variables. Sperm velocities were higher for the breeding than for the non-breeding season. The ejaculates from both seasons also differed in the proportion of apoptotic spermatozoa. The five dominant phyla were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes during the breeding season and Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Cyanobacteria during the non-breeding season. The dominant genus during both seasons was Ureaplasma. Differences in microbial community structure (the beta diversity) were found. A decrease in the relative abundance of the genus Faecalibacterium and an increase in the genera Sphingomonas and Halomonas were observed in the ejaculates collected during the breeding season. Sphingomonas and Faecalibacterium abundance favorably and unfavorably correlated with sperm quality, respectively. In conclusion, the semen microbiota from goat bucks varies between breeding and nonbreeding seasons, and the microbiota remains stable for 7 days within a season. In addition, the genera Sphingomonas and Faecalibacterium could be possible biomarkers of semen quality in goat bucks. These results contribute to an in-depth understanding of the effects of reproductive seasonality on goat buck ejaculates
HKT1;1 and HKT1;2 Na+ Transporters from Solanum galapagense Play Different Roles in the Plant Na+ Distribution under Salinity
Get PDFSalt tolerance is a target trait in plant science and tomato breeding programs. Wild tomato accessions have been often explored for this purpose. Since shoot Na+/K+ is a key component of salt tolerance, RNAi-mediated knockdown isogenic lines obtained for Solanum galapagense alleles encoding both class I Na+ transporters HKT1;1 and HKT1;2 were used to investigate the silencing effects on the Na and K contents of the xylem sap, and source and sink organs of the scion, and their contribution to salt tolerance in all 16 rootstock/scion combinations of non-silenced and silenced lines, under two salinity treatments. The results show that SgHKT1;1 is operating differently from SgHKT1;2 regarding Na circulation in the tomato vascular system under salinity. A model was built to show that using silenced SgHKT1;1 line as rootstock would improve salt tolerance and fruit quality of varieties carrying the wild type SgHKT1;2 allele. Moreover, this increasing effect on both yield and fruit soluble solids content of silencing SgHKT1;1 could explain that a low expressing HKT1;1 variant was fixed in S. lycopersicum during domestication, and the paradox of increasing agronomic salt tolerance through silencing the HKT1;1 allele from S. galapagense, a salt adapted species
Postharvest Changes in the Nutritional Properties of Commercial and Traditional Lettuce Varieties in Relation with Overall Visual Quality
Get PDFNowadays the cultivation and consumption of traditional lettuce varieties are growing as they are particularly appealing to consumers for their diversity, and high nutraceutical quality. However, lettuce is a highly perishable product, which results in significant nutritional loss from harvest to final consumers. In this work, the content of some bioactive compounds (chlorophylls, carotenoids, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, phenols), overall antioxidant capacity and mineral content was monitored in five landraces and four commercial lettuce varieties to compare their variation during the storage period. Visual characterization was conducted during the postharvest period, as was the determination of the parameters indicative of oxidative stress, to establish the preservation capacity of their physico-chemical attributes. As a general trend, lettuce varieties showed individualized behavior during the postharvest period, which was not necessarily better in the commercial varieties compared to the landraces. Of all the varieties, landrace L10 stood out for not showing excessive variations in its general appearance or nutritional quality throughout its life cycle. However, in terms of initial concentration of bioactive compounds, the reddest varieties (CL4 and L11) stand out. These results indicate variability among varieties, which emphasizes the potential of lettuce landraces in postharvest practices
Recubrimientos comestibles formulados con sales GRAS para controlar la antracnosis y mantener la calidad de frutos cítricos frigoconservados
Get PDFColletotrichum gloeosporioides es el agente causal de la antracnosis de los cítricos. Este trabajo evaluó la eficacia antifúngica in vitro (reducción del crecimiento miceliar en medio PDA) de varias sustancias GRAS (‘generally recognized as safe’), a diferentes concentraciones, contra este patógeno. Los mejores resultados se obtuvieron con metilparabeno sódico (0,1%), etilparabeno sódico (0,1%) y bicarbonato amónico (2%). Posteriormente, sales seleccionadas se utilizaron como ingredientes antifúngicos de recubrimientos comestibles formulados con hidroxipropilmetilcelulosa (HPMC) y cera de abeja (BW). Estos recubrimientos se aplicaron en ensayos curativos in vivo a mandarinas ‘Nadorcott’ y naranjas ‘Valencia Late’ inoculadas artificialmente con C. gloeosporioides 24 h antes y se obtuvieron reducciones de la severidad de la enfermedad respecto al control del 50- 70% en el caso de las mandarinas y del 10-35% en el de las naranjas. Los recubrimientos HPMC-BW con sorbato potásico (2%), benzoato sódico (2%) y silicato potásico (2%) fueron los más efectivos para controlar la enfermedad. Estos recubrimientos se seleccionaron para estudiar su efecto sobre naranjas ‘Valencia Late’ no inoculadas y frigoconservadas. Tras 56 días a 5ºC y 90% HR, seguidos de 7 días de simulación de vida comercial a 20ºC, se observó que los recubrimientos no redujeron de forma importante la pérdida de peso de las naranjas e incluso en el caso de los formulados con sorbato potásico la incrementaron, debido posiblemente a cambios en la permeabilidad de la cutícula. Por otro lado, los recubrimientos modificaron la atmósfera interna del fruto, pero estos cambios no afectaron negativamente a la calidad físico-química y sensorial de la fruta
Mandarinas pigmentadas. ¿Cómo responderán los consumidores españoles e italianos a este nuevo producto?
Get PDFUno de los objetivos actuales de diferentes programas de mejora de mandarina es la obtención de variedades pigmentadas. Cabe esperar que la respuesta de los consumidores a estas variedades se vea altamente condicionada por su aspecto, ya que es muy diferente al habitual. Este estudio evalúa cómo afecta el aspecto de estas mandarinas a las preferencias, intención de compra, y expectativas de los consumidores, mediante un estudio croscultural en el que participaron 150 consumidores españoles y 150 italianos. Se trabajó con imágenes de mandarinas que presentaban diferente intensidad de pigmentación rojiza en la pulpa (ligera,
media y muy intensa), y se compararon con una mandarina convencional (no pigmentada)
Efecto de la información sobre la maduración interna de mandarinas en la intención de compra del consumidor
Get PDFLa coloración externa de las mandarinas y la información recibida por el consumidor condicionan su intención de compra. En las variedades tempranas, incluir información sobre la madurez interna y mostrar al consumidor el interior del fruto es una alternativa para acortar o evitar la aplicación del tratamiento de desverdizado, sin afectar negativamente la respuesta del consumido
Activación defensiva mediante exposición a volátiles en cítricos: efecto sobre el HLB y sus principales vectores
Get PDFEl huanglongbing (HLB) o greening de los cítricos es una enfermedad bacteriana que limita seriamente la producción de cítricos en la mayor parte de zonas citrícolas mundiales. Afortunadamente tanto la enfermedad como los dos principales insectos que transmiten esta enfermedad, los psílidos Trioza erytreae y Diaphorina citri, no están presentes en la citricultura mediterránea española. Trabajos recientes han demostrado como la acción del HLB puede limitarse mediante la activación de las defensas de las plantas, principalmente las desencadenadas a partir de la ruta de señalización del ácido salicílico (SA)