ReDivia - Repositorio Digital de l'Instit Valencià d'Investigacions Agràries
Not a member yet
2747 research outputs found
Sort by
Determinación del nivel de fluorescencia en podredumbres causadas por Penicillium digitatum en diversas variedades de cítricos mediante imágenes ultravioleta
Get PDFUno de los problemas más graves de los cítricos son las infecciones fúngicas, que se propagan con rapidez durante los periodos de almacenamiento y transporte causando cuantiosas pérdidas económicas en poscosecha. Uno de los hongos que más afectan a estas frutas es Penicillium digitatum, que infecta el fruto exclusivamente a través de heridas en la piel y provoca una podredumbre blanda cuyo aspecto puede pasar desapercibido al ojo humano en una línea de confección, ya que en sus etapas iniciales apenas cambia el color de la fruta. Uno de los métodos empleados para detectar esta enfermedad es iluminar las frutas con luz ultravioleta (UV), ya que la enfermedad causa una fluorescencia detectable por personal entrenado
Evaluación del efecto de una restricción de riego controlada sobre las características sensoriales de naranjas sanguinas
Get PDFEste estudio evalúa el efecto sobre las características físico-químicas y sensoriales de naranjas sanguinas cv. Tarocco Ippolito de una restricción total del riego durante el mes y medio previo a la recolección. La restricción aplicada permitió un ahorro de agua de 57.400 l/ha sin afectar a los parámetros físico-químicos ni a las características organolépticas del zumo percibidas por los consumidores
Efecto de la adición de tres bacterias solubilizadoras de NPK en lechuga y tomate
Get PDFLos problemas ocasionados por el exceso de tratamientos con fertilizantes en la agricultura y la legislación cada vez más restrictiva sobre su uso y aplicación, ha propiciado el desarrollo de técnicas más sostenibles con el medio ambiente. Actualmente se están llevando a cabo ensayos mediante la aplicación de micorrizas, bacterias o proteínas que faciliten a la planta la nutrición y el desarrollo reduciendo el aporte de abonos químicos. El objetivo de este estudio es valorar el uso de tres bacterias solubilizadoras de NPK, Bacillus megaterium como solubilizador de fósforo (P), Bacillus mucilaginosus como solubilizador de potasio (K) y Azospirillum brasilense bacteria diazótrofica, como solubilizador de nitrógeno (N) sobre la productividad y asimilación de nutrientes de los cultivos de lechuga y tomate tipo Valenciano. El diseño del experimento consistió en la aplicación independiente de las tres bacterias al agua de riego con una disminución de la concentración de fertilizantes de la solución nutritiva del 35% de N, P o K según la bacteria añadida. Las bacterias son cedidas por una empresa. Los resultados obtenidos han demostrado que en las soluciones nutritivas reducidas un 35% de N, P o K con la adición de microorganismos no se observaron efectos negativos ni sobre los parámetros productivos (producción comercial, destrío, peso medio de frutos) en ambos cultivos respecto a las plantas testigo (100% de concentración de fertilizante en la solución nutritiva) ni en la absorción de los macro nutrientes. Atendiendo a los resultados presentados para el cultivo de la lechuga y el tomate se valora positivamente el empleo de estos microorganismos (Azospirillum brasilense, Bacillus mucilaginosus y Bacillus megaterium) que pueden permitir
una posible reducción de los fertilizantes en un 35% sin afectar a los parámetros de producción y calidad
Control biológico del pseudocóccido Pseudococcus longispinus Targioni-Tozzetti (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) en caqui
Get PDFPseudococcus longispinus Targioni-Tozzetti (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) se ha convertido en la principal plaga del caqui en la Comunidad Valenciana. Los daños ocasionados por este fitófago pueden alcanzar al total de la cosecha y las organizaciones agrarias han estimado que las pérdidas han alcanzado los 40
millones de euros en las últimas campañas. Por esta razón, el Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias ha comenzado un proyecto para mejorar su control biológico. Para ello, se ha identificado y evaluado el complejo de enemigos naturales en 17 parcelas durante dos años consecutivos
Contribution of biotechnology to persimmon breeding
No full textPersimmon originated in China, spread soon to Japan, Korea and other Asian countries and became a very popular fruit. Its spread to Europe occurred in the XVII century and later it spread to all continents. Besides of being an interesting crop in all countries where is grown the progress in Breeding and Genetics has been lacked by its polyploidy nature. The first use of molecular markers was applied to diversity studies in which different types of markers were used as RAPDs, AFLPs and SSRs. One of the first targets on breeding is the lack of astringency in the fruit at the ripen stage named PCNA, this trait involved many efforts for targeting the region linked to the AST (astringent locus). A region tightly linked to this locus was identified and a multiplex PCR method based on primers developed from the region, allowed detecting recessive and dominant alleles. Results allowed use of MAS. Besides of molecular markers developed, the molecular mechanism involved in the non-astringency trait has been related to an alteration in proanthocyanidins (PAs) accumulation, in large cells named “tannin cells” and its development during the process of fruit development. MBW ternary complexes composed of MYB, MYC (bHLH) and WDR domain proteins, are involved in the transcriptional regulation of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin (PA) biosynthesis pathways in several species. Orthologous of members of MBW complexes in persimmon have been identified and differences in its expression have been found between astringent and non-astringent phenotypes; suggesting that an MBW-like complex could be involved in PAs accumulation in persimmon fruit. Interaction among these MBW proteins and its involvement in regulating PA biosynthetic pathway has been demonstrated. Persimmon has a polygamous gynodioecious sexual system. Elucidation of genetic and molecular basis of sex expression in D. kaki leading to de development of molecular markers, is an important goal for avoiding the presence of seeds in parthenocarpic persimmon fruits. A diploid relative, Diospyros lotus was used for investigation of the sex expression into the genus. The model of inheritance, a small RNA acting as a sex determinant, was identified and molecular markers associated to sex expression developed. Currently, examples of MAS being applied in the breeding programs from Spain and Japan demonstrated the interest of the progress of molecular techniques in persimmon success
Rediscovering Pepper, Eggplant and Lettuce Landraces of the Valencian Community; An Ancient Resource with Vast Potential for the Future
Get PDFGenetic erosion in crops, gained from prioritising production over quality, has led to biodiversity loss, which compromises global food security. By a historic selection process, farmers have been differentiating traditional crop varieties, which are a source of agricultural biodiversity that also favours the development of local economy, which makes their recovery, classification and cultivation key for food economy and the future. The conservation of traditional varieties requires knowledge of them, obtained from a detailed description of their phenotypical, agronomic and nutritional quality characteristics as added value. The Valencian Community (east Spain) has extensive horticultural heritage that is made up of a high diversity of traditional vegetable varieties. These are the result of adapting to the varied agroclimate conditions of the Valencian geography: on the one hand, the selection applied by farmers to each locality; on the other hand, these varieties are very valuable as ethnobotanical heritage and should be preserved. Moreover, the cultivation and consumption of traditional varieties are currently growing because they are particularly appealing to consumersfortheir diversity and high nutraceutical quality
Climate suitability of the Mediterranean Basin for citrus black spot disease (Phyllosticta citricarpa) based on a generic infection model
Get PDFCitrus black spot (CBS), caused by the fungus Phyllosticta citricarpa, is associated with serious yield and quality losses. The climate suitability of the Mediterranean Basin for CBS development has been long debated. However, CBS has been described in Tunisia. In this study, a generic model was used to simulate potential infections by ascospores and pycnidiospores together with a degree-day model to predict the onset of ascospore release. High-resolution climatic data were retrieved from the ERA5- Land dataset for the citrus-growing regions in the Mediterranean Basin and other locations where CBS is present. In general, the onset of ascospore release was predicted to occur late in spring, but there is no agreement on the adequacy of this empirical model for extrapolation to the Mediterranean Basin. The generic model indicated that infections by ascospores and pycnidiospores would be
concentrated mainly in autumn, as well as in spring for pycnidiospores. In contrast to previous studies, the percentage of hours suitable for infection was higher for pycnidiospores than for ascospores. The values obtained with the generic infection model for Tunisia and several CBS-affected locations worldwide were similar to those for other citrus-growing regions in Europe and Northern Africa. These results support previous work indicating that the climate of the Mediterranean Basin is suitable for CBS development
Ensayo de nuevos cultivares de alcachofa (Cynara scolymus L.) procedentes de semilla como alternativa a los reproducidos mediante zuecas
Get PDFEn los últimos años estamos viviendo un importante cambio varietal en el cultivo de la alcachofa en España, los cultivares multiplicados a través de zuecas o estacas se están viendo desplazados por plantas propagadas por semillas. Con ello se busca solventar el problema del descenso en los rendimientos del cultivo, debido a fallos de plantación y al decaimiento del vigor de las plantas. En este trabajo estudiamos durante la campaña 2017-18 el comportamiento agronómico de 11 cultivares de semilla comparándolos con Blanca de Tudela y Calicó multiplicados por zueca, así como la influencia que ejerce sobre su ciclo productivo
la aplicación de ácido giberélico (AG3), para lo cual desarrollamos un ensayo de bloques al azar con dos repeticiones por tratamiento con aplicación de ácido giberélico y otras dos repeticiones sin tratamiento como testigo. El cultivo se realizó en una parcela alaire libre es la Estación Experimental de Elche, dentro de un terreno desinfectado mediante solarización. Estudiamos el
comportamiento agronómico, controlando la producción total, producción comercial, destrío y peso medio delos capítulos, así como las características de los mismos
Special issue on recent advances in zoophytophagous arthropods for agroecosystems sustainability
Get PDFZoophytophagous predators (ZP) display an omnivorous behavior and feed on both plants and arthropods (Coll and Guershon 2002). On the one hand, zoophagy allows them to efectively feed on a wide range of prey, including many agricultural pests such as whitefies, moths, aphids, thrips, or mites. On the other hand, phytophagy allows them to remain and even establish in crops during periods of prey scarcity. These positive traits have led to the inclusion of many species of ZP in sustainable pest management programs for different crops worldwide (van Lenteren et al. 2018). In recent years, the use and conservation of ZP have been extensively promoted, mainly because ZP can sustain themselves on plant-provided materials even when prey is scarce in crop fields
First Report of Cucurbit Chlorotic Yellows Virus Infecting Watermelon and Zucchini in the Canary Islands, Spain
No full textIn July 2019, 11 watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) plants (six ‘Augusta negra’ and five ‘Kasmira’) and seven zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) ‘Marcado’ plants showing yellowing and vein clearing on the leaves were collected in Arico on Tenerife Island of the Canary Islands. Analysis with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with polyclonal antibodies using kits from LOEWE Biochemica GmbH (Sauerlach, Germany) detected cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV) in four watermelon (two ‘Augusta negra’ and two ‘Kasmira’) plants and one zucchini plant