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Mealybugs in Mediterranean persimmon: fruit infestation, seasonal trend and effect of climate change [Dataset]
No full textThis collection brings together the different datasets that have been used to generate the paper "Mealybugs in Mediterranean persimmon: fruit infestation, seasonal trend and effect of climate change". The aims of this work were to: i) determine the spatio-temporal dynamics of mealybug species in the main persimmon producing area of the Mediterranean basin; ii) determine seasonal trend, phenology, and fruit infestation of the main mealybug species; and, iii) predict the effect of climate change on mealybug phenology. To achieve the third aim, the thermal constant necessary to complete a generation for the main mealybug species identified was estimated under field conditions. The collection includes different data folders. Each folder contains datasets used for the different sections explained in detail in the methodology of the paper. Each folder includes README files explaining the methodology for collecting the data and the structure of the datasets.This dataset is associated to the published paper “Mealybugs in Mediterranean persimmon: fruit infestation, seasonal trend and effect of climate change”. We identified the main mealybug species in Mediterranean persimmon, determined their phenology, and developed tools to predict damage at harvest. To do this, we sampled 17 orchards from the main persimmon producing area in Spain over two consecutive years. The collection includes several files that contains data used for the different sections explained in detail in the methodology of the paper
Inoculum and disease dynamics of citrus greasy spot caused by Zasmidium citri-griseum in sweet orange in Panama
No full textCitrus greasy spot, caused by Zasmidium citri-griseum, is a disease characterized by inducing premature defoliation and a reduction in yield in different citrus species. Greasy spot is the most prevalent fungal disease in sweet orange in Panama. Nevertheless, no epidemiological information is available. In this study, the dynamics of the defoliation, inoculum production, airborne inoculum and infection periods of Z. citri-griseum and their associations with environmental conditions were determined in Panama. The period from December to April was characterized by greater defoliation of trees, with the greatest amount of leaf litter being produced in January and February. The number of days until total leaf decomposition (DLD) was related to the number of rainy days >1 mm (NRD), accumulated rainfall (AR) and average relative humidity (ARH). The number of ascospores released from leaf litter (ASCL) was related to DLD, NRD, AR and average temperature (AT). The greatest amounts of airborne ascospores (AASC) of Z. citri-griseum occurred during April and May, when the rainy season begins in Panama. Similarly, the highest incidence (INC) of greasy spot in the trap plants coincided with the months of the greatest availability of airborne ascospores. However, infections were also recorded during other times of the year. The AASC or INC data were fitted to Bayesian models including meteorological variables and an autoregressive temporal component, the latter being the most influential. The results obtained in this study will allow the development of more efficient and sustainable fungicide programmes for greasy spot control in Panama
Detecting abandoned citrus crops using Sentinel-2 time series. A case study in the Comunitat Valenciana region (Spain)
Get PDFAgricultural land abandonment (ALA) is becoming a growing phenomenon around the world that needs to be monitored and quantified. A massive abandonment of citrus orchards has been experienced in the last years in the Comunitat Valenciana (CV) region (Spain) driven by different socio-economic factors. Therefore, developing time and cost-efficient methods for monitoring ALA is a priority. Citrus are a perennial crop trees which make orchards have low spectral variation during the year. In the CV region, they are planted in relatively small parcels, thus creating a highly fragmented and heterogeneous landscape. This study proposes a machine learning-based classification framework that uses annual time series of spectral indices extracted from Sentinel-2 images to identify crop status at parcel level. The method is based on features extracted from the reconstructed OSAVI and NDMI time series used to train a Random Forest classifier. Then, a parcel-based classification is performed using the parcel boundaries and the probabilities of belonging to each category for the full pixels inside the boundaries. The research assessed the potential to identify three statuses of crops (non-productive, productive, and abandoned). Results on three different temporal and spatial datasets provided an overall accuracy ranging from 89 to 92 %, demonstrating the importance of multi-temporal data to identify the abandonment of perennial crops. Furthermore, we studied the ability of the model to be spatially and temporally transferred. Limitations to recall the abandoned parcels when using models trained in other areas or time periods are exposed, opening the way to model improvements
Influence of Different Rootstocks on Fruit Quality and Primary and Secondary Metabolites Content of Blood Oranges Cultivars
Get PDFBlood oranges have high concentrations of bioactive compounds that are beneficial to health. In Europe, the cultivation of blood oranges is increasing due to their excellent nutritional properties. In Citrus crops, rootstocks play an important role in juice and can increase the content of bioactive compounds. The morphological, qualitative and nutritional parameters were analyzed in cultivars ‘Tarocco Ippolito’, ‘Tarocco Lempso’, ‘Tarocco Tapi’ and ‘Tarocco Fondaconuovo’ grafted onto Citrus macrophylla and Citrus reshni. ‘Tarocco Lempso’ grafted onto Citrus macrophylla obtained the highest values of weight (275.78 g), caliber (81.37 mm and 76.79 mm) and juice content (162.11 g). ‘Tarocco Tapi’ grafted onto Citrus reshni obtained the most interesting qualitative parameters (15.40 °Brix; 12.0 MI). ‘Tarocco Lempso’ grafted onto Citrus reshni obtained the most intense red juice (a* = 9.61). Overall, the highest concentrations of primary metabolites were in proline, aspartate, citric acid, and sucrose. The results showed that ‘Tarocco Ippolito’ juice grafted onto Citrus reshni had the highest levels of total hydroxycinnamic acids (263.33 mg L−1), total flavones (449.74 mg L−1) and total anthocyanins (650.42 mg L−1). To conclude, ‘Tarocco Lempso’ grafted onto Citrus macrophylla obtained the best values of agronomic parameters, and the cultivars grafted onto Citrus reshni obtained significantly higher concentrations in primary and secondary metabolites
Microbial composition of goat buck's ejaculates is modified by the process of preparing and storing refrigerated semen doses
No full textEjaculates present their own microbiota, and a link between ejaculates' microbiota and sperm quality and fertility exists. With the development of artificial insemination in animal breeding, ejaculates must be manipulated by diluting them with extenders and storing them at temperatures below body temperature. The effects that these processes have on the original semen microbiota have never been studied. This study explores the effects of the protocol for preparing refrigerated goat buck semen doses and storing on seminal microbiota. Semen from six adult goat bucks of the Murciano-Granadina breed (24 ejaculates) was used, cooled to 4 °C in a skimmed milk-based extender, and stored at this temperature for 24 h. Samples were taken in different steps: in the raw ejaculates (ejaculates), after dilution with the refrigeration extender (diluted), immediately after reaching 4 °C (chilled 0 h) and the samples refrigerated at 4 °C and stored at this temperature for 24 h (chilled 24 h). Sperm quality (motility and integrity of plasma and acrosomal membrane, and mitochondrial functionality) was also evaluated. Bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing was used to study the seminal microbiota. Our results indicated that both refrigeration and storage at 4 °C negatively affected sperm quality parameters. Preparing semen doses and their subsequent conservation caused a significant change in the bacterial community structure. Raw ejaculates showed a lower Pielou's evenness index than the other samples (diluted, chilled 0 h and chilled 24 h). Ejaculates also had a lower Shannon's diversity index (3.44) than the diluted semen (4.17) and the semen chilled for 24 h (4.43). Regarding beta diversity, significant differences were detected between ejaculates and the other treatments. Differences were also found in unweighted UniFrac distances between the semen chilled for 0 h and that chilled for 24 h. At the genus level, marked effects of preparing doses and their subsequent conservation were also evident: 199 genera that were absent in ejaculates were found in the semen chilled and stored for 24 h; 177 genera that were present in ejaculates disappeared after 24-h refrigeration. In conclusion, the extender and protocol for preparing refrigerated goat buck semen doses considerably modify microbial ejaculate composition
Nesidiocoris tenuis induces the early expression of type IV glandular trichomes in tomatoes
Get PDFIntrogression lines derived from the cross between cultivated tomato Moneymaker
and wild species Solanum pimpinellifolium showed resistance to the whiteflies Bemisia tabaci
(Gennadius) and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). In these
introgression lines, type IV glandular trichomes that produce acylsugars, conferred antixenosis
and antibiosis properties. Plant resistance to whitefly effectively reduced the spread of Tomato
yellow curl begomovirus (TYLCV) and Tomato chlorosis crinivirus (ToCV). However, early
developmental stages of these introgressed tomato plants showed limited protection against
whiteflies due to the non-abundance of glandular trichomes and low acylsugars synthesis. In
this work, the inoculation of introgressed tomato seedlings by Nesidiocoris tenuis Reuter
(Hemiptera: Miridae) resulted in an effective induction of type IV glandular trichomes and
prompted the production of acylsugars, leading to resistance to whitefly and whiteflytransmitted
viruses at early stages of crop development. Therefore, integrating traditional
breeding techniques with biological control in integrated pest management programs can offer
an efficient strategy for managing whiteflies and virus incidence in tomatoes
Effect of seminal plasma and the freezing process on goat bucks sperm quality
Get PDFIn goat bucks the seminal plasma (SP) must be removed before freezing for obtaining surviving the process when egg yolk- or skimmed milk (SM)-based extenders are used. It is clear that SP is prejudicial during the freezing-thawing process in this species but the stage at which SP is lethal for the sperm remains unelucidated. For this reason, the objective of this study was to study the effect of seminal plasma on goat buck sperm quality in each of the stages of the semen freezing process (F:after centrifugation and addition of the first diluent; R: after reaching 4°C; G: after addition of the extender containing glycerol; E: after 90 min of equilibration with glycerol at 4°C; T: after freezing-thawing). Twenty-one ejaculates from seven goat bucks from Murciano-Granadina breed were used in the study. Each of the ejaculates was split into two samples: one of them was processed with SP (SP+) and in the other one the SP was removed (SP-) before freezing. Samples were frozen with a SM-glycerol extender (SM2) and sperm quality (motility and sperm plasma membrane integrity (PMI), acrosomal integrity and mitochondrial functionality) was evaluated at each of the points of the freezing protocol (F, R, G, E and T). The results showed significant differences (p<0.05) in all the quality parameters analyzed, varying among the different stages in terms of significance. The analyses determined that the quality of samples processed without SP was superior to samples processed with SP. The most affected stages were the addition of glycerol and thawing. For the glycerol stage, values in samples with SP+ were 50 % total motile and 34 % live with intact acrosome versus 70 % and 56 %, respectively. In the case of the thawing stage it was more evident, values in samples SP+ were 7 % total motile and 4 % live with intact acrosome versus 40 % and 28 %, to samples SP-. In conclusion, the SP deteriorates the spermatozoa through all the steps of the freezing protocol. However, the stage that affected the most the sperm quality was the freezing-thawin
Decision support system for selecting the rootstock, irrigation regime and nitrogen fertilization in winemaking vineyards: WANUGRAPE4.0
Get PDFWe aim to develop and transfer to the wine sector a decision support system (DSS) in the frame of WANEGRAPE4.0 project that, integrated into a geographic information system, helps wine growers in I) selecting the most suitable rootstock given some agroecological conditions and oenological objectives; and II) managing irrigation and nitrogen fertilization in the most suitable way for the selected rootstock and agroecological conditions. The following goals have been achieved. First, the modular structure and information flow of the DSS has been defined. Second, the main algorithms of the water balance module (DSS core part) have been formulated and the module coded in a spreadsheet. Third, this water balance module has been tested with data from field experiments in several regions of Spain. Fourth, the relationships between grapevine water status and production and harvest quality variables have been established, revealing an always-significant effects of the decrease in water stress on vegetative development, yield, and grape composition. Fifth, the nitrogen fertilizer effects on vine performance has been assessed. Sixth, the effects rootstocks have on 5 parameters of vine production and grape quality for winemaking have been established too by doing another meta-analysis of rootstock trials. Seventh, a rootstock selection module has been defined. The WANUGRAPE4.0 project goes on with the integration of all its modules, their coding in a World Wide Web language and their publication on an Internet portal
Evaluación del uso de agua marina desalada para el riego de árboles jóvenes de navelina sobre dos portainjertos. Resultados preliminares
Get PDFEl agua marina desalada (AMD) representa un recurso hídrico estratégico en regiones con problemas de escasez y/o aguas de baja calidad. Sin embargo, el AMD presenta una elevada concentración de B, ocasionando problemas de fitotoxicidad en cultivos sensibles como los cítricos. La adecuada elección del portainjerto puede ser una estrategia agronómica para incrementar la tolerancia de los cítricos al B. El principal objetivo ha sido evaluar el comportamiento de dos portainjertos al riego con AMD. El ensayo se llevó a cabo en árboles jóvenes de naranjo ‘Navelina N7’ injertados sobre, citrange ‘Carrizo’ (Cz) y Forner-Alcaide 5 (FA-5). Para el riego se han utilizado dos fuentes de agua: agua de pozo convencional (AC, [B] = 0,1 mg·L-1), y AMD con alto contenido en B (1 mg B·L-1). Se han analizado parámetros del estado hídrico de la planta, la acumulación de B en el suelo y hojas y el desarrollo vegetativo. Los primeros resultados mostraron que el riego con AMD no generó alteraciones en el estado hídrico del cultivo en ambos portainjertos, mostrando un desarrollo vegetativo similar a los árboles regados con AC. Sin embargo, el uso de AMD supuso un aumento de la concentración de B en el suelo, principalmente en la zona radicular. En estas condiciones, la dinámica de acumulación de B en hojas fue diferente entre ambos portainjertos. Los árboles sobre Cz regados con AMD acumularon una mayor cantidad de B en hojas respecto a los regados con AC, mientras que FA-5 mostró valores similares al utilizar ambas fuentes de agua. En base a estos resultados, el riego con AMD no generó alteraciones fisiológicas a corto plazo, pero podría ocasionar problemas de toxicidad por B a largo plazo al utilizar portainjertos sensibles al B como Cz
Influence of Pomegranate Appearance Attributes on Consumer Choice, and Identification of Barriers and Drivers for Consumption
Get PDFIn a prepurchase situation, consumers base their choice decision on external fruit characteristics,
from which they infer internal characteristics. This study investigates consumer preference for
pomegranate appearance using a choice-based conjoint analysis with 320 participants. We created
27 images of pomegranates that differed in varietal characteristics: colour (yellow, bicoloured, and
red), shape (round, oval, and flattened), and calyx shape (open, semi-open, and closed). Colour
was by far the most important factor for consumers, followed by fruit shape and calyx shape. Two
preference profiles were identified. Most consumers liked bicolour and red pomegranates equally,
and rejected yellow ones, while a smaller group concentrated their choice on bicolour pomegranates.
In terms of fruit and calyx shape, oval and flattened fruit and open calyx were the most preferred
by both consumer groups. Barriers and drivers for consumption were also investigated. There is
still plenty of room to increase pomegranate consumption. Greater availability of pomegranates and
ready-to-eat arils in grocery shops, obtaining new unseeded/easier-to-peel varieties, and providing
a sensory label would help to overcome current barriers. Marketing campaigns should focus on a
pomegranate’s health benefits and its versatility in consumptio