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Acceptance, Sensory Characterization and Consumption Contexts for Dehydrated Persimmon Slices, Chips, Leathers and Powder: A Consumer Study
Get PDFValorization of persimmon discards is a current challenge for the food industry. Obtaining
dehydrated persimmon products can be a good option, but studies are necessary to predict consumer
responses before placing new products on the market. In this study, we produced dried slices, chips,
leathers and powder from persimmons that were discarded at harvest. A consumer study was
performed with 100 participants. For a realistic context, the four products were presented to the
participants in specifically designed packages to simulate commercial packages. The participants
were asked about their interest in having each product available on the market. Then, they were
asked to taste the samples and to state their acceptance and purchase intention. The participants
characterized the main sensory properties of the samples using the CATA questions. The consumption
contexts evoked by each product were also investigated based on the item-by-use method, plus
the CATA questions. Our results revealed that, before tasting the samples, the participants showed
special interest in having chips and slices available on the market. After tasting, the participants
reported very good acceptance of chips, slices and powder, but leathers were less liked. According to
the consumer characterizations, slices had the most intense persimmon taste and a succulent texture,
while powder was characterized by its caramel taste. Chips were differentiated from the other
samples, mainly for their crispy texture, while leathers were sticky and tasteless, which explained
their poor acceptance. By evaluating the data on acceptance and the evoked consumption contexts
together, we conclude that persimmon consumption could be enhanced by commercializing slices,
chips and powder. The participants described chips and slices as healthy snacks in different daily
situations, while powder could be used as a sweetener for yoghurts or hot drinks and as an ingredient
for baking desserts. These are all contexts in which fresh persimmon would be not consumed as
reported by the participants
Ensayo de cultivares de alcachofa (Cynara scolymus l.) en dos ciclos de cultivo
Get PDFLa aparición en el mercado de nuevos cultivares de alcachofa reproducidos mediante semilla hace necesario el análisis de las características agronómicas de cada uno de ellos, así como la adaptación de estos materiales a nuestra zona de cultivo. En este trabajo estudiamos 10 cultivares de alcachofa procedentes de semilla por campaña, durante dos campañas, 2018-19 y 2019-20. De estos, 7 cultivares se repitieron en los dos ensayos y tres se cambiaron, por lo que finalmente analizamos un total de 13 cultivares diferentes. Como testigos empleamos Blanca de Tudela y Calicó, multiplicados por zueca, que son los cultivares empleados tradicionalmente por nuestros agricultores. También estudiamos la influencia que ejerce sobre su ciclo productivo la aplicación de ácido giberélico (AG3), ya que sabemos por trabajos previos que sin el empleo de dicha hormona se retrasa mucho la entrada en producción. Para este trabajo diseñamos un ensayo de bloques al azar con dos repeticiones por tratamiento con aplicación de ácido giberélico y otras dos repeticiones sin tratamiento como testigo
Comparative Analysis of Primary and Secondary Metabolites in the Peel of Eight Blood Orange Varieties
Get PDFThe global cultivation of blood oranges is experiencing an increase due to their remarkable nutritional properties. Blood orange by-products, especially the peel, have a high concentration of bioactive compounds with exceptional antioxidant potential, making them an ideal choice for incorporation into various food products. This study aimed to determine the morphological parameters and primary and secondary metabolite content of peel of eight blood orange varieties using 1H NMR and HPLC-ESI-DAD-MSn. “Tarocco Meli” had the highest weight (367.83 g), caliber (94.13 mm and 88.87 mm), peel thickness (6.73 mm), and peel weight (155.0 g). “Tarocco Rosso”, “Sanguinelli”, and “Tarocco Gallo” had the highest levels of total amino acids (25.57 g kg−1 DW), total organic acids (29.99 g kg−1 DW), and total sugars (68.56 g 100 g−1 DW), respectively. The peel of “Moro” had significantly higher concentrations of total anthocyanins, hydroxycinnamic acids, and flavones (650.67, 263.33, and 449.85 mg kg−1, respectively) compared to the other varieties. In conclusion, “Tarocco Meli” had the most interesting values for morphological parameters, “Tarocco Rosso”, “Sanguinelli”, and “Tarocco Gallo” for primary metabolites, and “Moro” for secondary metabolites. With the increasing interest in utilizing co-products, these findings could be useful in developing functional food products that meet consumer demands for healthier and more sustainable food choices
Do hyperparasitoids disrupt the biological control of Pseudococcus longispinus in persimmon? [Dataset]
No full textThis collection brings together the different datasets used to generate the paper "Do hyperparasitoids disrupt the biological control of Pseudococcus longispinus in persimmon?". In this paper, we tested whether hyperparasitoids disrupt the biological control of P. longispinus in Mediterranean persimmon. For this purpose, we sampled 16 orchards over two consecutive years. In these orchards, we first identified the primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids that attack P. longispinus in persimmon and measured the rates of parasitism and hyperparasitism. Then, we evaluated whether parasitism and/or hyperparasitism rates affect the population growth rate of P. longispinus. Finally, we determined whether hyperparasitoids emerged from mealybug hosts of similar size than females of the primary parasitoids. These and other biological traits of the primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids were analyzed to better understand their coexistence and their effects on P. longispinus. The collection includes two files that contains data used for the different sections explained in detail in the methodology of the paper. It also includes a README file explaining the structure of the data.This dataset is associated to the published paper “Do hyperparasitoids disrupt the biological control of Pseudococcus longispinus in persimmon?”. We tested whether hyperparasitoids hinder the biological control of P. longispinus in Mediterranean persimmon. For this aim, we sampled 16 orchards across two consecutive years and measured the impact of primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids on P. longispinus. The collection includes several files that contains data used for the different sections explained in detail in the methodology of the paper
Temperature-Driven Selection of Predatory Mirid Bugs for Improving Aphid Control in Sweet Pepper Crops
Get PDFRecent studies have suggested that predatory mirid bugs may be an effective alternative for controlling aphids in sweet pepper greenhouses. This study examined the effect of three constant temperatures (18, 24, and 30 °C) on the life history traits of predatory mirid species Nesidiocoris tenuis, Macrolophus pygmaeus, and Dicyphus bolivari, preying on the aphid Myzus persicae nicotianae in sweet pepper plants. As the temperature increased, the survival rate decreased for M. pygmaeus and D. bolivari, while for N. tenuis, it was the opposite, and their survival increased. When considering all the biological traits studied together, the estimated intrinsic rate of increase (rm) decreased as the temperature increased for M. pygmaeus and D. bolivari. In contrast, the rate increased as the temperature increased for N. tenuis. These results suggest that M. pygmaeus and D. bolivari are better adapted to lower temperatures than N. tenuis, which is more adapted to warm temperatures. The implications of these results for improving the biological control of aphids in sweet pepper greenhouses through the use of mirid bugs are discussed in relation to different temperature regimes
First record of Melanaphis sorghi (Theobald, 1904) (Hemiptera aphididae) in Italy and Spain
Get PDFThe sorghum aphid Melanaphis sorghi (Theobald) is recorded for the first time in mainland Italy (Florence, Tuscany region, Italy) and Spain (Vinalesa, Valencia Region, Spain) on Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. Data on its biology, worldwide distribution and notes on its pest behaviour are given. Melanaphis sorghi had previously been recorded from Greece (in 2008), Cyprus and Israel. The records of this species in Iran and Turkey need confirmation
A Water Stress–Tolerant Pepper Rootstock Improves the Behavior of Pepper Plants under Deficit Irrigation through Root Biomass Distribution and Physiological Adaptation
Get PDFThe use of rootstocks tolerant to water stress in pepper crops is a complementary technique for saving irrigation water without affecting yields by means of particular rootstock physiological traits, which changes the scion’s perception stress. The present study aimed to analyze the morphological and physiological adaptation of the ‘Cuerno’ pepper cultivar grafted onto tolerant rootstock NIBER® subjected to capacitance sensor-based deficit irrigation. The stomatal conductance, relative water content and leaf water potential parameters were used to confirm the degree of crop stress. Leaf dry weight and root volume were higher in the grafted plants under the control irrigation and stress treatment conditions. Total fresh root biomass and root volume percentage of grafted plants under water stress were 24% and 33% higher, respectively, than the ungrafted plants. The grafted plants subjected to both water stress and control conditions had a higher marketable production than the ungrafted plants. The higher yields obtained using tolerant rootstocks were explained by the reduced blossom-end rot incidence
Identificación individual y toma de muestras para genotipado en pollitos de 1 día
Get PDFGestionar poblaciones de gallinas de razas en peligro de extinción no es una tarea sencilla. Al tratarse
de poblaciones pequeñas y cerradas, se corren riesgos de incrementar la consanguinidad si no se realizan
apropiadamente los apareamientos y, para ello, se necesita primero identificar correctamente a
los animales. En el caso de las aves existe un problema añadido y es que no en todas las razas es sen -
cillo sexar a los individuos en el nacimiento, por lo que hay que esperar varias semanas hasta que aparecen
de forma incipiente los caracteres sexuales secundarios (como el crecimiento de la cresta). Este
hecho complica, y mucho, la guarda de animales para reposición ya que hasta que se tiene certeza de
disponer de suficiente número de efectivos (machos y hembras) para cada uno de los grupos familiares
en los que se estructura la población, pueden pasar varias semanas. Las técnicas de genotipado permiten
determinar el sexo de los pollitos de manera rápida (primeros días de vida), pero es necesaria
la identificación individual de los ejemplares. La colocación de chapas metálicas en el propatagio o el
anillado en la pata son métodos de identificación eficaces, pero no exentos de problemas cuando se
usan en pollitos. Por el reducido tamaño de ese pliegue de piel del ala en pollitos de 1 día, las chapas
son difíciles de colocar y se corre el riesgo de clavar en el músculo o de que se pierdan si se colocan
muy en el borde externo. En el caso de las anillas, estas se pueden perder si son muy grandes o clavar
al crecer los animales. Por otra parte, la identificación mediante pinturas de colores tiene utilidad limitada
en razas con plumajes oscuros.
La Gallina Valenciana de Chulilla es una raza en peligro de extinción de la Comunidad Valenciana,
que presenta todos los problemas previamente expuestos: población pequeña y cerrada, imposibilidad
de conocer el sexo al nacimiento por métodos visuales y sencillos y plumaje de color oscuro. Por estos
motivos, pusimos a punto un método para determinar el sexo mediante técnicas moleculares y para
ello desarrollamos un método sencillo y eficaz de identificación individual y temporal de los pollitos
hasta la colocación del marcaje definitivo con chapas metálicas en el ala
Changes in Drip IrrigationWater Distribution Patterns Improve Fruit Quality and Economic Water Productivity in Early-Season Lemon Trees
Get PDFThe physiological and agronomic responses of two irrigation systems were compared in ‘Fino 490 lemon trees (Citrus limon [L.] Burm. fil.). The irrigation systems consisted of different designs of the irrigation installation (same amount of water and irrigation frequency): a conventional design (2L, two drip lines with six drippers per tree), and a design with a larger wetted surface (3L, implementing the conventional design with a third drip line with nine drippers per tree). Results indicated that the 3L design promoted a better distribution of water and fertilisers in the soil profile, improving some gas-exchange parameters in periods of low evaporative demand or after rain. The agronomic response showed two main effects on fruit quality: (1) the total numer of fruits affected by endoxerosis was reduced, and (2) the first harvest (the earliest fruits harvested) moved forward in time. From an economic point of view, economic water productivity was increased, mainly due to an increment in the proportion of first-harvested lemon, but also due to the decrease in lemon produced for the industry (affected by endoxerosis). The 3L irrigation system could be an interesting alternative to favour fruit precocity, improving the use of the available water resources for early lemon tree growers
Influence of mechanical and manual pruning on the incidence of pests in ‘Clemenules’ mandarins
No full textBackground: In Spain, citrus pruning is usually done by hand, although mechanized pruning is gradually being introduced as a cheaper alternative. The pruning strategy affects the pattern and intensity of sprouting, and the canopy characteristics, and therefore could affect pest control. In this study, the effect of three pruning strategies on the incidence of key citrus pests was analyzed: manual, mechanical (with hedging and topping) and no pruning (control). In a commercial clementine orchard, sprouting, pest density and fruit damage were evaluated through three seasons. Results: Outside the canopy, mechanically pruned trees had a significantly higher number of shoots, and more shoots were attacked by aphids (cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii, and spirea aphid, A. spiraecola) in comparison with manual or control strategies. Inside the canopy statistically nonsignificant differences were found between strategies. Regarding the pest level of two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, and California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii, in general, no significant differences were found between pruning strategies, and in some cases mechanical pruning resulted in a lower level of these pests and fruit damage than manual pruning. Conclusion: The density of aphids, which are pests associated with sprouting, was affected by the pruning strategy. However, the densities of T. urticae and A. aurantii and the level of damaged fruit were unaffected