OJS [Pandawa Inst.]
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Enhancing Photocatalytic Activity of Bismuth Ferrite (BiFeO3) via Gadolinium and Copper Doping: A Sol-Gel Synthesis and Characterization Study
No full textIn this current research work, the sol-gel method was employed to synthesise, characterize and evaluate the photocatalytic activity of bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3, BFO) doped with two distinctive components consisting of a rare earth element Gadolinium (Gd) and a transition metal Copper (Cu). The dopant concentrations were systematically varied with different weight percentages (wt.%) denoted as Bi1-xGdxFe1-yCuyO3 (where ‘x’ = 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20 wt.%, where ‘y’ = 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 wt.%). Subsequently, characterizations of the prepared samples were conducted using an array of cutting-edge analytical techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), filed emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD analysis results indicated that the presence of small impurity peaks was found in both Gd-doped BFO and GdCu-doped BFO. The FE-SEM and TEM results provided confirmation that the material was observed as a spherical shape, and the elemental compositions were also confirmed through EDAX analysis. The photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B dye under the influence of visible light irradiation was carried out and the results revealed varying degradation times, specifically, for Gd and Cu-doped BFO (Gd and Cu = 0.1 wt.%) achieved almost 98% degradation occurred in 30 minutes
The Role of Flavonoids as Potential Plant Fungicides in Preventing Human Carcinogenesis: A Short Communication
No full textIn the context of the steadily increasing prevalence of malignant disorders all over the world, identification of any novel possibilities for suppressing carcinogenesis is crucial leading to saving human lives. One of the important sources of exposure to potential carcinogens is food products which can be contaminated with different types of mycotoxins. These structurally diverse chemicals are produced by certain fungi, whereas many of them may be associated with the development of malignant neoplasms in distinct organ systems. In this perspective article, the ability of specific plant secondary metabolites from the class of flavonoids to suppress the release of carcinogenic mycotoxins from certain fungi, mostly the members of Aspergillus and Penicillium genera, is highlighted. This finding might support the development of novel flavonoid-based plant fungicides in the future, to lower the contamination of food products with mycotoxins and thereby also reduce the cancer prevalence in humans. In addition, the application of flavonoids as natural products instead of synthetic chemicals in plant cultivation is probably also more acceptable for final consumers, representing an actual step toward a greener future
Fixed Point Theorems for Semigroups of Lipschitzian Mappings
No full textThe main purpose of this paper is to extend the results of fixed point theorems for lipschitzian semigroups. The proofs we give follow the results of Ishihara, Suantai and Puengrattana theorems. Using one of the proofs, we also develop a fixed point theorem result for nonempty asymptotically total mapping semigroups on uniformly convex Banach spaces
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Galoba (Hornstedtia alliaceae) Seeds Extract
No full textHornstedtia alliacea has been traditionally used by indigenous people for a variety of medicinal purposes. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extracts of Galoba seeds (Hornstedtia alliacea) against standard bacterial cultures of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC-29213) and Escherichia coli (FNCC-6183) using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The phytochemical tests were carried out to determine the presence of active substances which are antibacterial in the results of the extraction. The color intensity or the precipitate formation was used as analytical response to these tests. The major phytochemical constituents identified in galoba seeds ethanol extracts were tannins, flavonoids, saponins, quinones, and steroids. The antibacterial assay showed that galoba seed extract inhibited the growth of S. aureus and E. coli. The diameter of the inhibition zone increased as the extract concentration increased. The largest inhibition zone for S. aureus was at a concentration of 100% with a diameter of 20.93 mm and the largest inhibition zone for E. coli was at a concentration of 100% with a diameter of 18.05 mm. The results of this study indicated that the plant contains some major bioactive compounds that inhibit the growth of microorganisms, thereby showing great potency as an effective source of drugs. The phytochemical analysis also reveals that the plant contains similar constituents useful for medicinal purposes
Using Some Promising Insecticides as A Management Tool Against The Major Sucking Pests of Country Bean
No full textAn experiment has been conducted to know the efficiency of some promising pyrethroids and bio-rational insecticides for controlling the major sucking pests of country beans under field conditions during the winter season September 2020 – March 2021. The different treatments were Cypermethrin 10 EC (T1), Lambda-Cyhalothrin 2.5 EC (T2), Emamectin benzoate 5 SG (T3), Abamectin 1.8 EC (T4), Spinosad 45 SC (T5), and untreated control (T6). The rate of leaf infestation at the lower, middle, and top stages of country bean ranged from 8.82–17.78, 13.89–36.39, and 13.72–33.33% in T5treated and untreated control plots, respectively. The rate of shoot infestation at the middle and top stages of country bean ranged from 18.67–34.33 and 17.00–39.27% in T5 treated and untreated control plots, individually. The lowest and highest inflorescence infestation of 29.15% and 46.67% was recorded in T5 treated and untreated control plots, separately.The lowest fruit infestation of 8.84% by number and 8.32% by weight was recorded in the treated plot T5. The rate of reduction of pod infestation over control was 48.58, 24.02, 23.39, 21.81, and 19.92% by number and 73.53, 61.76, 58.82, 52.94, and 41.18% by weight in the treated plot T5, T4, T1, T3, and T2, respectively. The yield in different treatments ranged from 1.35-2.50 t ha-1. The highest adjusted net return and BCR of Tk. 52220.00 and 2.42, respectively were obtained from T2 treated plots. The second highest BCR of 2.16 was calculated from T4 treated plot. The lowest BCR of 1.05 was found in T2 treated plot. The treatments T5, T4, and T3 were effective to suppress the major sucking pests of the country bean
Antibacterial Activity of Several Types of Weed Extracts on The Growth of Escherichia coli
No full textEscherichia coli is a type of Gram-negative bacteria that is commonly found in the human digestive tract. It has been reported as one of the bacteria that has been resistant to several antibiotics. This study aims to determine four (4) types of weed extracts that are considered but have not been used as antibacterial compounds against E. coli. This experimental study used a completely randomized design with several types of plant extracts, namely Acalypha indica L., Ageratum conyzoides, Phyllanthus niruri L., and Amaranthus spinosios at various concentrations (0, 50, and 100%). The results showed that the plant extract of A. indica L. had the ability as an antibacterial against the growth of E. coli at concentrations of 50% (1.41 ± 0.12) and 100% (1.53 ± 0.01) compared to other extracts. Meanwhile, the lowest average diameter of the inhibition zone for E. coli bacteria was found in the treatment of A. spinosios grass leaf extract 50% (1.17 ± 0.05)
Antibacterial Activity and Bioautography of the Chloroform Fraction of Morel Berry (Physalis angulata L.) Root Against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
No full textThe urgency of finding novel sources of active compounds to overcome infectious diseases is encouraged.
Morel berry (Physalis angulata L.) is a traditional herbal plant that can be used as an antimicrobial because of its unique chemical content. This study aims to find compounds that have antibacterial activity from the chloroform fraction of morel berry roots. This study used the Kirby-Bauer method with concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. Determination of antibacterial compounds and their functional groups was performed using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) technique and reagent spray test, TLC-Bioautography and Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) studies. The chloroform fraction of morel berry showed a zone of inhibition with the highest diameter of 11.50 and 12.00 mm against S. epidermidis and P. aeruginosa, respectively. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins in the chloroform fraction. The relative retention stain of 0.54 on the TLC plate inhibited the growth of the two tested bacteria and indicated the presence of functional groups O-H phenol, C-H aliphatic, C=O ester, C=C aromatic, C-OH alcohol, and C-H aromatic. This study found that tannins in the roots of morel berries could be used as a natural antibacterial agent to treat S. epidermidis and P. aeruginosa
Utilizing Satellite Imagery for Seasonal Trophic Analysis in the Freshwater Reservoir
No full textEutrophication, an aquatic problem that impacts water quality and ecosystems, can be addressed through technological developments utilizing satellite imagery to analyze the trophic status of water. This study aimed to determine the trophic status of the freshwater reservoir in different seasons using satellite imagery. Water quality data were obtained from field surveys (11 samples) during the wet and dry seasons in Cirata Reservoir (Indonesia) while the remote sensing images were obtained from the Landsat-8 OLI. Trophic status refers to Carlson's Trophic State Index consisting of two parameters named chlorophyll-A and water transparency. This study found that satellite imagery could estimate seasonal trophic information. During the wet season, the algorithms determined information about chlorophyll-A (48%) and transparency (35%). Whereas during the dry season, the algorithms successfully estimated both information at 59% and 21%, respectively. Unfortunately, the Landsat-8 OLI had limitations for estimating total phosphorus. From these two parameters, the trophic status in the Cirata Reservoir showed moderate (wet season) and mild (dry season) eutrophic. Cirata Reservoir has a higher trophic level during the wet season since it has more surface water supply with lots of pollutants
The Utilization of Pectin as Natural Coagulant-Aid in Congo Red Dye Removal
No full textCoagulation using inorganic compounds such as aluminum sulfate is commonly used in water-wastewater treatment. However, there are some drawbacks to its utilization, such as a significant decrease in the treated water’s pH, non-biodegradable sludge, and a potential negative impact on human mental health (dementia and Alzheimer's). The use of inorganic coagulants can be minimized with the addition of natural-based coagulant-aid such as pectin. In this study, Congo red solution, a model dye substance, was coagulated by varying the pH (3–7) using alum coagulant to determine the best pH for coagulation. At the best pH, pectin was introduced at various doses (0–30 mg/L), and subsequently various dye concentrations (50–100 mg/L). The effect of pectin as coagulant-aid was compared with aluminum sulfate and pectin only; with a response of %removal and sludge volume. It was found that the Congo red dye coagulation had the best %removal at pH 6 indicating a charge neutralization mechanism. The addition of 15 mg/L pectin at an aluminum sulfate dose of 30 mg/L resulted in 97.7% dye removal with a sludge volume of 14 mL/L at a Congo red concentration of 50 mg/L. This value is higher compared to those of aluminum sulfate and pectin only which gave 75.6 and 3.19% removals, respectively. Furthermore, the addition of pectin as a natural coagulant-aid could halve the sludge volume due to the formation of denser flocs. The results show a promising potential of pectin as a natural coagulant-aid in water-wastewater treatment
Transesterification of Palm Oil Catalyzed by CaO/SiO2 Prepared from Limestone and Rice Husk Silica
No full textIn this study, CaO/SiO2 composites were prepared from rice husk silica (RH-SiO2) and limestone from a local company. The composites with different mass ratios of CaO to SiO2 (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:5, and 1:10) were synthesized using the sol-gel technique and characterized using XRF, XRD, and SEM. The composites were then used as catalysts for the transesterification of palm oil, with the main purpose to investigate the effect of catalyst compositions on the percentage of conversion of the oil. The results of XRD and SEM confirm the existence of RH-SiO2 as an amorphous material, and CaO as crystalline material, while the composites are a mixture of amorphous and crystalline phases. The catalysts were then used in transesterification experiments and the percentage of oil conversion was calculated. To confirm the successful conversion of palm oil into fatty acid methyl esters, the products of the reactions were analyzed using GC-MS. The experimental results demonstrated that the composites prepared exhibit catalytic activity, with the highest conversion (60%) achieved using the catalyst with the CaO to SiO2 ratio of 1:3