OJS [Pandawa Inst.]
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75 research outputs found
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Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Egyptian Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Seeds and Their Antibacterial Activity Assessment
No full textA simple, cost-effective and eco-friendly synthesis technique of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the aqueous extracts of Egyptian date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) seeds and their antibacterial activity assessment have been conducted. Theaqueous extract was used as reducing and stabilizer agents in the synthesis of AgNPs. Characterization of AgNPs was done using different methods including ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). UV-Vis spectrum of the aqueous medium containing AgNPs showed an absorption peak at around 432 nm. FTIR spectra had shown that the biomolecules were responsible for the reduction and capping agents of AgNPs. XRD study showed the particles to be crystalline with a face-centered cubic (fcc) structure. The AgNPs exhibited significant anti-bacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Overall, these findings suggest that biosynthesized AgNPs may be used as a potential therapeutic formulation against bacterial infections
The Study on Characteristics of Heat Treatment of The AA2024 Aluminum Alloys
No full textThis study examined the behavior of AA2024 aluminum alloys, which received different heat treatments, i.e., homogenization, quenching, artificial aging, and recrystallization. The homogenization temperature is set at 495 °C for 5 hours and followed by slow cooling in the furnace. Then a quenching treatment was done with cold water. Artificially aged alloys were heated to 495 °C for 5 hours, followed by rapid water cooling, then heating to 140 °C for 2 hours, and followed by slow cooling in the furnace. The recrystallization treatment was also studied by heating the solution to 495 °C for 5 hours, followed by rapid cooling with cold water and heating to 310 °C for 3 hours in the furnace. In this study, we used an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope to analyze the microstructures of the samples. X-ray fluorescence analysis was used to determine the proportion of each element on the surface of each alloy. Phase and structural analyses were performed by X-ray diffraction while the mass loss was calculated after 60 hours of exposure for all samples in a climate chamber. Our work revealed that the rate of mass loss could decrease with heat treatment of the alloy due to the emergence of additional phases and dispersoids. The result showed that the surface fraction of each element was changed due to heat treatment in an aggressive environment, in which the Al2Cu and Al2CuMg phases disappeared after the solution treatment as revealed from the XRD data
Influence of Water Table and Peat Thickness on Dissolved Organic Carbon of Tropical Peat Soil with Sulfidic Substratum from Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
No full textPeatlands are important due to their high carbon storage, their role in suppressing climate change processes, and their importance for local and global communities’ livelihood. Large amounts of organic carbon pools in peatlands can be released into the environment as gaseous emitted carbon and lost through waterways (fluvial). The carbon released through the water stream consists of organic and inorganic forms and is partly in the form of CO2 and CH4 gases. The organic form consists of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and particulate organic carbon, where DOC is the most dominant organic carbon in water sourced from peatlands. This research's objectives were to study the DOC concentration of peat water resulting from the hydrological condition's difference and the peat thickness overlaying the sulfidic substratum. The study was carried out in the Pangkoh area of Pulang Pisau district of Central Kalimantan. Peat water is taken on PVC pipes installed on each plot representing different peat thicknesses (deep, moderate, and shallow peat) at a depth of 25, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 cm from the soil surface. The water sampling was conducted on the peak wet season, during the transition from wet season to dry season and during the peak dry season. The results showed that DOC was influenced by peat thickness, depth of sulfidic material, and groundwater level. The release of DOC is higher from the deep peat than from the thin and moderate peat. The difference in DOC concentration between peat thickness is also related to the electrical conductivity of the peat water. The results showed a negative correlation between electrical conductivity and DOC concentration. The negative correlation was significant in the observation of the rainy and dry seasons, while in the transitional season, it was not significant
Advancing Green Nanotechnology: Harnessing the Bio-reducing Properties of Musa paradisiaca Peel Extract for Sustainable Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
No full textA green synthesis method utilizing Musa paradisiaca peel extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent was employed to produce iron oxide nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles were extensively characterized using FTIR, XRD, DLS, SEM, EDX, and TEM techniques. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of iron metal and functional groups derived from the peel extract. XRD results indicated the presence of magnetite (Fe3O4) and/or maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) phases, signifying a high degree of crystallinity. DLS analysis provided valuable insights into the size distribution and polydispersity of the nanoparticles, revealing an average particle diameter of 43.35 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.612. SEM examination uncovered the presence of aggregated formations, where irregularly shaped nanoparticles exhibited either close packing or loose association, resulting in the formation of larger aggregates. These environmentally friendly iron oxide nanoparticles could potentially hold great promise for a variety of biological applications, including the potential for drug delivery and antimicrobial applications
The Journey of Natural Products: From Isolation Stage to Drug’s Approval in Clinical Trials
No full textNature serves as an excellent inspiration for researchers in the fields of chemistry and medicine. Terrestrial or marine organisms produce billions of natural products with unique chemical and physical properties. Some of them have been used in traditional therapy for specific diseases since ancient times. Although their exact chemical structures have yet to be elucidated clearly in that time, investigations in medicinal chemistry have been well documented. Furthermore, utilizing natural products in drug design and development offers advantages such as high biocompatibility, low toxicity, fewer side effects, wide bioactivities, and large structure diversity. Nowadays, rational drug research using computer-aided drug design is well established to cut the long way of drug discovery and overcome the resistance cases and the increment in the number of active patients. This review will highlight some natural products to comprehensively understand their journey from unknown natural products, isolation, purification, characterization, in silico evaluation, bioactivity screening assay, drug modifications, in vitro investigation, in vivo examination, and clinical trial
In silico Exploration on The Potency of Basil (Ocimum basilicum) as an Anti-Aging Skin Agent
No full textNew and improved skin care products and procedures have been established by technological advances and scientific investigation. By increasing the skin's moisture, firmness, and elasticity, anti-aging skin care can enhance the skin's overall condition. The objective of this study was to examine the potential of basil's chemical compounds as an in silicoanti-aging agent. Exploration of online databases, scholarly articles from national and international journals, and analysis using docking software are selected as examples of data collection methods. Matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1), with PDB code 966C, is one of the targeted proteins related to skin anti-aging. Ladanein, acacetin, luteolin, 5-hydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxyflavone and genkwanin are five basil compounds that are predicted to exhibit anti-aging agents based on the presence of the binding affinity score indicator and the similarity of the appropriate attachment sites compared to the native ligand used. The scores for the binding affinity of luteolin, ladanein, acacetin, 5-hydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxyflavone, and genkwanin are -10, -9.9, -9.9, -9.8, and -9.6 kcal/mol, respectively. At the attachment positions of five basil compounds, the interactions with ASN 180, LEU 181 and ALA 182 key amino acids, which are the attachment sites for the native ligands, were also formed
Biosorption of Pd(II) from Aqueous Solution using Leaves of Moringa oleifera as a Low-cost Biosorbent
No full textPalladium ion (Pd(II)) is one of the hazardous metal pollutants commonly found in industrial effluents and poses severe environmental and human health impacts. The present study has chosen the leaves of Moringa oleifera (L-MO) as a potential biosorbent for removing Pd(II) from the aqueous solution. Various parameters such as pH, biosorbent dose, and initial Pd(II) concentration were optimized for maximum removal of Pd(II) using standard protocols. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy study was performed to identify the functional groups involved in Pd(II) biosorption mechanism. The analysis of FTIR spectra confirmed the involvement of functional groups such as C–O, C=O, C–H, and O–H in the biosorption of Pd(II) on the surface of L-MO. The biosorption of Pd(II) was highest at pH 6. The sorption equilibrium data were well-fitted with the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.9896). The highest adsorption capacity of L-MO was 41.15 mg/g. It is concluded that the L-MO could be used as a potentially low-cost novel biosorbent to remove Pd(II) from contaminated water
Effectiveness of the Combination of Green Betel Leaf Extract (Piper betle) and Mint Leaf (Mentha piperita) as Antibacterials against Streptococcus mutans
No full textThe content of betel leaf (Piper betle) includes essential oils, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, and steroids. Flavonoid compounds in P. betle show a mechanism of action in damaging bacterial cell proteins and disrupting irreparable membranes. On the other hand, mint leaves (Mentha piperita) contain essential oil ranging from 1-2%, with menthol content around 80-90%, as well as mentone, d-piperitone, hexanol phenyl acetate, ethyl amyl carbinol, and neomenthol. The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the combination of P. betle extract and M. piperita extract in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) bacteria using the well diffusion method. Extraction of P. betle and M. piperita extracts were performed using the maceration method. The extraction results showed a yield of 24.94% for the P. betle extract and 35.39% for the M. piperita extract. The antibacterial testing against S. mutans showed an inhibition zone of 21.83 ± 1.58 mm for the single P. betle extract (ML), 11.2 ± 1.00 mm for the M. piperita (GBL), and 11.76 ± 0.57 mm for the combination extract (GBL/ML). There is an influence of the combination of P. betle and M. piperita extracts on the antibacterial effectiveness against S. mutans, although the inhibition zone of the P. betle is larger, measuring 21.83 ± 1.58 mm
Evaluation of The Integrated Protocol for The Management of Severe Malnutrition in Children at The National Hospital of Nouakchott-Mauritania
No full textMalnutrition is a worldwide concern with worrisome outcomes that affect substantially the lifestyle of infants. The main aim is to investigate the efficacy of the IMSAM protocol over malnourished Mauritanian children during hospitalization. A cohort of 230 participants, including 126 boys and 104 girls collected from rural and urban areas with an average age of 15.52 ± 7.727 months were enrolled. The study is carried out in the Pediatric Service of the National Hospital Center of Nouakchott, Mauritania on children who have undergone the national protocol for the Integrated Management of Severe Acute Malnutrition (IMSAM). In addition, the medical and nutritional treatment, and body measurements were appreciated as well as the anthropometric parameters. The findings exhibit during nutritional-based intervention significant differences between the mean of weight during the pre- and post-intervention (P < 0.001). Moreover, through a regression test, we found a negatively predicted weight gain (P < 0.05) by the variables Z-score of weight to height (P / T) Edema after Nutritional Support and final health status. Last, but by no means least, the IMSAM-based intervention with rational management might make inroads into mitigating adverse outcomes of malnutrition through maximizing social skills
Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Curd and Whey Kefir Produced from Etawa Goat Milk
No full textKefir is a fermented drink with many benefits. Kefir contains antioxidant compounds that can inhibit free radical activity.In addition, kefir contains lactic acid bacteria, which provide good antibacterial activity and improve the health of the digestive tract. This research aimed to determine the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of kefir made from Etawa goat milk. The methods used in this research included fermentation of Etawa goat milk with 10 % kefir seeds at 37 °C and a fermentation time of 2 days. Antioxidant activity was tested using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and antibacterial activity was tested using agar diffusion. The peptide molecular weights in kefir were analyzed using SDS-PAGE. The results showed that the antibacterial and antioxidant activities in Etawa goat's milk curd kefir has a higher activity than whey kefir. The antioxidant activity of curd has an IC50 of 43.99 ppm, which is a powerful antioxidant. Curd's antibacterial activity forms a clear zone of 7 mm against Bacillus cereus and is included in the solid antibacterial category. In Escherichia coli, a clear zone of 6 mm was formed and included in the moderate antibacterial category. The results of SDS-PAGE gel visualization found three prominent bands measuring 10, 15, and 33 kDa, respectively