Bulletin of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering (BCSEE)
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Quantifying and Modelling Human Movements in Classrooms
No full textHuman movement is one of the ubiquitous phenomena observed in nature. Daily observations show substantial evidence for human movements across a broad range of scales. Macroscopically, human individual mobility patterns on the geographical scales can be well captured by the continuous-time random walk framework. Recent empirical studies show that two “phases” corresponding to collective motions coexist in insect swarms. Yet, the quantification of human motion on the microscopic level keeps missing, and validation for such a thermodynamic description of human movement remains unrevealed. In the present study, we use radio frequency identification technology to collect high-resolution location data and investigate human movement driven by social interaction in classrooms. We conduct structure as well as dynamic measures and estimate the effective “temperatures” for these social systems. Empirical measures suggest two social “phases” in analogy to fluid and liquid-vapor coexistence, associated with relatively high and low “temperatures” in classrooms. Besides, we propose a simple model inspired by empirical observations. The numerical simulations based on the proposed model are capable of reproducing the systems with two social phases and qualitatively agree with empirically observed measurements.</p
Quotes from Black women published in seven major U.S. newspapers in year 1 of the COVID-19 pandemic
No full textIn this dataset is a compilation of quotes of Black women commenting on the COVID-19 pandemic and its effects during the period of March 1, 2020 to March 31, 2021. The dataset identifies and codes 300 quotes from Black women taken from 119 articles from seven major U.S. newspapers: The New York Times (102 quotes, 41 articles), The Washington Post (82 quotes, 31 articles), the LA Times (33 quotes, 13 articles), USA Today (26 quotes, 6 articles), Chicago Tribune (23 quotes, 8 articles), Philadelphia Inquirer (18 quotes, 10 articles), and The Wall Street Journal (16 quotes, 10 articles). A codebook was used to analyze the quotes; quotes could be assigned multiple codes. This analysis revealed the women focused on the following topics: health (41.7%, n=125 quotes), justice (41.7%, n=125 quotes), economic (28.7%, n=86 quotes), politics (22.7%, n=68 quotes), family (21%, n=63 quotes), education (11.0%, n=33 quotes), and the arts (8.0%, n=24 quotes). Additionally, the quotes revealed the following frames: morality (76.7%, n=230 quotes), attribution (41.7%, n=125 quotes), strong Black woman (41.3%, n=124 quotes), conflict (38.0%, n=114 quotes), economics frame (32.0%, n=96 quotes), Black mother (13.3%, n=40 quotes), angry Black woman (7.7%, n=23 quotes), and intersectionality first frame (7.3%, n=22 quotes). The quotes were analyzed for three types of sources: expert (62.7%, n=188 quotes), lay (21.7%, n=65 quotes), and government (17%, n=51 quotes). In a secondary analysis using Black Feminist Theory, the analysis revealed that in the pandemic’s first year, Black women’s experiences included: identifying interlocking systems of oppression, resisting interlocking systems of oppression through self-definition and self-valuation, and activism for the survival of the community, and expressing Black womanhood and motherhood. This analysis reveals that the media can be leveraged by Black women to increase awareness of their experiences and advocate for actions to reduce the disparities they face.## Description of the datasets
1. In the file, Black_Women_COVID19_Chicago_Tribune.csv, we provide a list of 8 articles containing 23 quotes from Black women.
2. In the file, Black_Women_COVID19_LA_Times.csv, we provide a list of 13 articles containing 33 quotes from Black women.
3. In the file, Black_Women_COVID19_NY_Times.csv, we provide a list of 41 articles containing 102 quotes from Black women.
4. In the file, Black_Women_COVID19_Philadelphia_Inquirer.csv, we provide a list of 10 articles containing 18 quotes from Black women.
5. In the file, Black_Women_COVID19_USA_Today.csv, we provide a list of 6 articles containing 26 quotes from Black women.
6. In the file, Black_Women_COVID19_Wall_Street.csv, we provide a list of 10 articles containing 16 quotes.
7. In the file, Black_Women_COVID19_Washington_Post.csv, we provide a list of 31 articles, containing 82 quotes
High latitude sea surface skin temperature from the Saildrone uncrewed surface vehicles deployed in 2019
No full textSaildrone, as one of the most capable uncrewed surface vehicles, carries a suite of meteorological and oceanographic instruments for long-duration cruises. From 15th May to 11th October 2019, two NASA-funded Saildrones, SD-1036 and SD-1037, made a 150-day round-trip cruise from Dutch Harbor, Alaska, into the Arctic Ocean. Both were equipped with a pair of IR pyrometers on the deck at 0.8 m height for the sea surface skin temperature (SSTskin) retrieval, viewing the sea surface and the sky at the same nadir angle and zenith angle. The pyrometers were manufactured by Heitronics Inc., the sea-viewing sensor was a CT15.10 while the sky-viewing sensor was a CT09.10. After the deployments, the CT15 calibration was tested in the University of Miami Rosenstiel School laboratory using SI-traceable blackbody calibrator, and also by Wintronics, the US agent of Heitronics Inc. The performance of CT15 was much better than the stated accuracy in the manufacturer's specifications. The uncertainty of Saildrone-derived SSTskin is ~0.12 K and the systematic error is insignificant. Therefore, the SSTskin data from SD-1036 and SD-1037 are sufficiently accurate to be used in the validation of satellite SSTskin retrievals and other studies of sea surface and air-sea interaction at high latitudes
How Family-Supportive Leadership Communication Enhances the Creativity of Work-From-Home Employees during the COVID-19 Pandemic
No full textAdapting to the remote working environment has been one of the most visible challenges for many organizations during the COVID-19 pandemic. As employee creativity helps organizations' survival and resilience during times of crisis, this study aims to examine the role of leadership communication, family-supportive leadership communication in particular, in fostering creativity among work-from-home employees. The current study specifically focuses on the mediating processes in this relationship and the moderating role of employees' work-life segmentation preferences, using a survey of 449 employees who have worked from home during the COVID-19 outbreak. The results showed that employee-organization relationship (EOR) quality, positive affect, and work-life enrichment mediate the relationship between family-supportive leadership communication and employee creativity. The effects of family-supportive leadership communication on employees' positive affect and work-life enrichment were more prominent for those who prefer to segment their work and lives. This paper concludes with a discussion of the theoretical and practical implications of these findings for leadership in organizational communication
Accounting for Context in Randomized Trials after Assignment
No full textMany preventive trials randomize individuals to intervention condition which is then delivered in a group setting. Other trials randomize higher levels, say organizations, and then use learning collaboratives comprised of multiple organizations to support improved implementation or sustainment. Other trials randomize or expand existing social networks and use key opinion leaders to deliver interventions through these networks. We use the term contextually driven to refer generally to such trials (traditionally referred to as clustering, where groups are formed either pre-randomization or post-randomization - i.e., a cluster-randomized trial), as these groupings or networks provide fixed or time-varying contexts that matter both theoretically and practically in the delivery of interventions. While such contextually driven trials can provide efficient and effective ways to deliver and evaluate prevention programs, they all require analytical procedures that take appropriate account of non-independence, something not always appreciated. Published analyses of many prevention trials have failed to take this into account. We discuss different types of contextually driven designs and then show that even small amounts of non-independence can inflate actual Type I error rates. This inflation leads to rejecting the null hypotheses too often, and erroneously leading us to conclude that there are significant differences between interventions when they do not exist. We describe a procedure to account for non-independence in the important case of a two-arm trial that randomizes units of individuals or organizations in both arms and then provides the active treatment in one arm through groups formed after assignment. We provide sample code in multiple programming languages to guide the analyst, distinguish diverse contextually driven designs, and summarize implications for multiple audiences
Questioning Contemporary Universalist Approaches to Human Flourishing
No full textThis article takes stock of the growing interest in flourishing measurement. The focus is on three challenges in this domain: the degree of coherent theorizing, the overreliance on psychometric validation, and the questionable universality of the measures. A rigorous process identified the eight most widely documented flourishing measures. All eight measures struggled with the three challenges. First, all measures were constructed on intuitive grounds, whether those bases were existing literatures, personal conceptualizations, or the intuition of an opposition of mental illness and flourishing. Second, all measures were assessed almost exclusively with psychometric studies, with little evidence of theoretical or cultural validity. Finally, all eight measures implicitly or explicitly assume cultural universality without providing theoretical argument or empirical evidence for that assumption. This stock-taking resulted in two main conclusions. First, there are areas of both consensus (e.g., that flourishing is a measurable, multidimensional construct) and dissensus (e.g., the components of flourishing) that can provide bases for future theory and research. Second, systematic theoretical argument is necessary to better understand what flourishing is, how it can be validly measured, and the degree to which it can be considered a universal human experience. It is time to address these theoretical and cultural questions
A Systematic Review of Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinopathy with a Focus on Attempted Treatment Modalities
No full textAcute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) is a presumed inflammatory disorder leading to sectoral outer retinal dysfunction. This condition is characterized by unilateral acute or subacute onset of photopsias and visual field defects with an often relatively unremarkable funduscopic exam. There is frequently gradual progression of symptoms with involvement of the fellow eye, although final visual acuity usually remains preserved. This comprehensive literature review of currently published cases seeks to review the natural history, prognosis, diagnostic modalities, and treatments used for patients with AZOOR. Patients with AZOOR are most commonly either observed for progression or treated with steroid therapy or other non-steroidal immunomodulatory agents. Less commonly, antivirals, antifungals, and other therapies have also been used with variable success. Overall, evidence supporting specific treatments for AZOOR remains difficult to interpret given the favorable natural history of the disease as well as a paucity of prospective trials and complete lack of randomized controlled trials
A Possible Changing Of The Guard For Shoulder Impingement Syndrome: A Systematic Review And Meta-analysis Comparing Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory And Corticosteroid Injections 1303
No full textElectroencephalogram in the intensive care unit: a focused look at acute brain injury
No full textOver the past decades, electroencephalography (EEG) has become a widely applied and highly sophisticated brain monitoring tool in a variety of intensive care unit (ICU) settings. The most common indication for EEG monitoring currently is the management of refractory status epilepticus. In addition, a number of studies have associated frequent seizures, including nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE), with worsening secondary brain injury and with worse outcomes. With the widespread utilization of EEG (spot and continuous EEG), rhythmic and periodic patterns that do not fulfill strict seizure criteria have been identified, epidemiologically quantified, and linked to pathophysiological events across a wide spectrum of critical and acute illnesses, including acute brain injury. Increasingly, EEG is not just qualitatively described, but also quantitatively analyzed together with other modalities to generate innovative measurements with possible clinical relevance. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge and emerging applications of EEG in the ICU, including seizure detection, ischemia monitoring, detection of cortical spreading depolarizations, assessment of consciousness and prognostication. We also review some technical aspects and challenges of using EEG in the ICU including the logistics of setting up ICU EEG monitoring in resource-limited settings
