Revista Facultad de Jurisprudencia
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Formação do direito global: evolução do direito nacional a um direito de alcance universal
No full textThe fundamental objective is to propose a specific formation of global law from three probable sources, according to the projections of the contemporary international relations and to the political equilibrium that can be foreseen, by the greater influence of powers and their allies; by the pressure of successful integration processes, which in practice would act together as a power; and by the presentation of new legal systems of universal scope, following the path already outlined in some disciplines, analyzed. It could be argue d that globalization has characteristics unprecedented in the political, economic and social history of mankind, because it does not start from a previous acceptance of the States to be involved in the same, but the process advances nonetheless to a possible opposition resistance and the reactions of new subjects of international law, civil societies, who want to impose a different direction of progress for globalization. The fundamental point is the need for all political actors to find in the formation of global law an adequate response that suits their political interests or that is the answer that offers the best possible scenario for some States that have difficulties in asserting Their interests, by the little or no political influence; This is because it is clear that for the formation of global law, some political entities could contribute more to the determination of a kind of "common direction" and other states will be forced to seek a better position.
Key words: global law, evolution, national law, globalization.El objetivo fundamental de la propuesta es proponer una formación específica del derecho global a partir de tres fuentes probables, de acuerdo a las proyecciones de las relaciones internacionales contemporáneas y a los equilibrios políticos que pueden preverse, por la influencia mayor de potencias y sus aliados; por la presión de procesos de integración exitosos, que en la práctica actuarían juntos como una potencia; y por la presentación de nuevos ordenamientos jurídicos de alcance universal, en seguimiento del camino ya trazado en algunas disciplinas, como derecho mercantil internacional, derecho de propiedad intelectual e incluso en materia de derechos humanos. Planteo que la globalización tiene características inéditas en la historia política, económica y social de la humanidad, porque no parte de una previa aceptación de los Estados para involucrase en la misma, sino que el proceso avanza no obstante a una eventual resistencia opositora y a las reacciones de los nuevos sujetos del derecho internacional, las sociedades civiles, que quisieran imponer una dirección de avance distinta para la globalización. El punto fundamental está en la necesidad de que todos los actores políticos encuentren en la formación del derecho global una respuesta adecuada, que convenga a sus intereses políticos o que sea que sea escogida la respuesta que ofrezca el mejor panorama posible para algunos Estados que tuvieren dificultades en hacer valer sus intereses, por la escasa o nula influencia política; esto porque es evidente que para la formación del derecho global, algunas entidades políticas podrían aportar más para la determinación de una especie de una “dirección comunicación y otros Estados se verán abocados a buscar una mejor posición posible.
 
Quando a autonomia conceitual leva ao Ausência (autônoma): Onde está o dano moral indo? Uma revisão da jurisprudência italiana
No full textABSTRACTThe starting point of this brief itinerary within the jurisprudence of legitimacy is constituted by the famoussentences of San Martino, pronounced by the United Sections in November 2008, a true and proper crucial moment concerning the subject matter of attention. If this is the starting point, it is not yet possible, on the other hand, to identify a real moment of conclusion of this path, since the point of arrival, far from being reached, looks more and more like a mirage. However, within this ( secular ) litaniae sanctorum, one may sometimes come across some statements that could be peacefully defined as unexpected, if not surprising: small deviations, in short, from the usual path of argumentation that struggle to fit into the latter in a logically coherent way, generating not a little confusion in the jurist.
KEYWORD:jurisprudence, theory of law, damages, morality, justice
RESUMENEl punto de partida de este breve itinerario dentro de la jurisprudencia de la legitimidad está constituidopor las famosas sentencias de San Martino, pronunciadas por las Secciones Unidas en noviembre de 2008, un verdadero y propio momento crucial con respecto al tema que nos ocupa. Si este es el punto de partida, todavía no es posible, por otra parte, identificar un momento real de conclusión de este camino, ya que el punto de llegada, lejos de ser alcanzado, se parece cada vez más a un espejismo. Sin embargo, dentro deestos litaniae sanctorum (seculares), uno puede encontrarse a veces con algunas afirmaciones que podrían definirse tranquilamente como inesperadas, cuando no sorprendentes: pequeñas desviaciones, en definitiva, de la senda habitual de la argumentación que pugnan por encajar en ésta de forma lógicamente coherente, generando confusión en el jurista.
CÓDIGO JEL: K41, K1
Importância da eliminação da corrupção para o fortalecimento da democracia
No full textABSTRACTThe indexes of crimes against the good functioning of the public administration in Ecuador are alarming. Although every year, there is an increase in efforts to fight corruption, concussion and acts that threaten sovereignty and democracy. These efforts have not provided significant changes despite living a state of emergency worldwide due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which threatens people’s health with a high mortality rate, since there are people who only aim at personal enrichment, leaving aside the general interest. These illegal acts generate transaction costs from anti-democratic actions and actions that go against the Ecuadorian positive law since they limit the investment of these resources in the growth of relevant sectors for the evolutionary development of the country, such as the area of health, education, the incentive to sport, the emergence of new technologies. Besides, it is essential to consider the investment to eliminate the crimes that attempt against protected legal assets so that these would be reduced every year, that cost would be destined to the positive evolution of the country. Therefore, this article aims to analyze the importance of eliminating crimes against the proper functioning of public administration to eliminate the State transaction costs generated and thus strengthen democracy and legal security in the country.
KEYWORDS: illegal cooperations, transaction costs, democracy, crimes, undemocratic acts, legal certainty.
JEL CODE: K, K10, K42ABSTRACTThe indexes of crimes against the good functioning of the public administration in Ecuador are alarming. Although every year, there is an increase in efforts to fight corruption, concussion and acts that threaten sovereignty and democracy. These efforts have not provided significant changes despite living a state of emergency worldwide due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which threatens people’s health with a high mortality rate, since there are people who only aim at personal enrichment, leaving aside the general interest. These illegal acts generate transaction costs from anti-democratic actions and actions that go against the Ecuadorian positive law since they limit the investment of these resources in the growth of relevant sectors for the evolutionary development of the country, such as the area of health, education, the incentive to sport, the emergence of new technologies. Besides, it is essential to consider the investment to eliminate the crimes that attempt against protected legal assets so that these would be reduced every year, that cost would be destined to the positive evolution of the country. Therefore, this article aims to analyze the importance of eliminating crimes against the proper functioning of public administration to eliminate the State transaction costs generated and thus strengthen democracy and legal security in the country.
KEYWORDS: illegal cooperations, transaction costs, democracy, crimes, undemocratic acts, legal certainty.
RESUMENLos índices de delitos contra la buena marcha de la administración pública en el Ecuador son alarmantes. Si bien cada año aumentan los esfuerzos por la lucha contra la corrupción, la concusión y actos que atentan contra la soberanía y democracia de un país, pero no han proporcionado grandes cambios a pesar de vivir un estado de emergencia a nivel mundial debido a la pandemia por COVID-19, que atenta contra la salud de las personas con un alto índice de mortalidad, ya que existen personas que solo tienen como objetivo el enriquecimiento personal, dejando de lado el interés general. Estos actos ilícitos generan costos de transacción a partir de las acciones antidemocráticas y acciones que van contra el derecho positivo ecuatoriano, puesto que limitan la inversión de esos recursos en el crecimiento de sectores relevantes para el desarrollo evolutivo del país como: el área de salud, la educación, el incentivo al deporte, el surgimiento de nuevas tecnologías; además, es importante considerar la inversión para eliminar los delitos que atentan contra bienes jurídicos protegidos, con el fin de que estos se redujeran cada año, ese costo sería destinado a la evolución positiva del país. Por lo cual, el objetivo del presente artículo es analizar la importancia de la eliminación de los delitos contra la correcta marcha de la administración pública, para eliminar los costos de transacción estatales que se generan, y así fortalecer la democracia y la seguridad jurídica del país.
CÓDIGO JEL: K, K10, K42Les indices de délits contre le bon fonctionnement de l'administration publique en Equateur sont alarmants. Bien que chaque année, il y ait une augmentation des efforts pour lutter contre la corruption, les commotions cérébrales et les actes qui menacent la souveraineté et la démocratie. Ces efforts n'ont pas apporté de changements significatifs malgré le fait de vivre un état d'urgence dans le monde entier en raison de la pandémie de COVID-19, qui menace la santé des personnes avec un taux de mortalité élevé, car il y a des personnes qui ne visent que l'enrichissement personnel, laissant de côté l'intérêt général. Ces actes illégaux génèrent des coûts de transaction à partir d'actions antidémocratiques et d'actions qui vont à l'encontre du droit positif équatorien car ils limitent l'investissement de ces ressources dans la croissance de secteurs pertinents pour le développement évolutif du pays, tels que le domaine de la santé, l'éducation , l'incitation au sport, l'émergence de nouvelles technologies. En outre, il est essentiel de considérer l'investissement pour éliminer les délits qui portent atteinte aux biens juridiques protégés afin que ceux-ci soient réduits chaque année, ce coût serait destiné à l'évolution positive du pays. Par conséquent, cet article vise à analyser l'importance d'éliminer les infractions contre le bon fonctionnement de l'administration publique pour éliminer les coûts de transaction de l'État générés et ainsi renforcer la démocratie et la sécurité juridique dans le pays.
MOTS-CLÉS: coopérations illégales, coûts de transaction, démocratie, délits, actes antidémocratiques, sécurité juridique.
CODE JEL: K, K10, K42Gli indici dei reati contro il buon funzionamento della pubblica amministrazione in Ecuador sono allarmanti. Sebbene ogni anno aumentino gli sforzi per combattere la corruzione, le commozioni cerebrali e gli atti che minacciano la sovranità e la democrazia. Questi sforzi non hanno prodotto cambiamenti significativi nonostante si viva uno stato di emergenza mondiale a causa della pandemia di COVID-19, che minaccia la salute delle persone con un alto tasso di mortalità, poiché ci sono persone che mirano solo all'arricchimento personale, tralasciando l'interesse generale. Questi atti illegali generano costi di transazione da azioni antidemocratiche e azioni che vanno contro la legge positiva ecuadoriana poiché limitano l'investimento di queste risorse nella crescita di settori rilevanti per lo sviluppo evolutivo del paese, come l'area della salute, dell'istruzione , l'incentivo allo sport, l'emergere di nuove tecnologie. Inoltre, è essenziale considerare l'investimento per eliminare i reati che attentano ai beni legali protetti in modo che questi si riducano ogni anno, quel costo sarebbe destinato all'evoluzione positiva del Paese. Pertanto, questo articolo si propone di analizzare l'importanza di eliminare i reati contro il corretto funzionamento della pubblica amministrazione per eliminare i costi di transazione dello Stato generati e rafforzare così la democrazia e la sicurezza giuridica nel Paese.
PAROLE CHIAVE: collaborazioni illegali, costi di transazione, democrazia, crimini, atti antidemocratici, certezza del diritto.
CODICE GEL: K, K10, K42Os índices de crimes contra o bom funcionamento da administração pública no Equador são alarmantes. Embora a cada ano, aumentem os esforços de combate à corrupção, concussão e atos que ameaçam a soberania e a democracia. Esses esforços não proporcionaram mudanças significativas, apesar de vivermos um estado de emergência mundial devido à pandemia COVID-19, que ameaça a saúde das pessoas com uma elevada taxa de mortalidade, visto que há pessoas que visam apenas o enriquecimento pessoal, deixando de lado o interesse geral. Esses atos ilegais geram custos de transação a partir de ações antidemocráticas e contrárias ao direito positivo equatoriano, pois limitam o investimento desses recursos no crescimento de setores relevantes para o desenvolvimento evolutivo do país, como a área da saúde, educação. , o incentivo ao esporte, o surgimento de novas tecnologias. Além disso, é imprescindível considerar o investimento para eliminar os crimes que atentam contra o patrimônio legal protegido para que estes sejam reduzidos a cada ano, esse custo seja destinado à evolução positiva do país. Portanto, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a importância da eliminação dos crimes contra o bom funcionamento da administração pública para eliminar os custos de transação gerados pelo Estado e, assim, fortalecer a democracia e a segurança jurídica no país.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: cooperações ilegais, custos de transação, democracia, crimes, atos não democráticos, segurança jurídica.
CÓDIGO JEL: K, K10, K4
Mudança na ocupação do trabalho do trabalhador e seu impacto sobre o direito à estabilidade no emprego
No full textThe main objective of this article is to analyze the incidence that the change of employment occupation has on the full exercise of the right to stability guaranteed by the Constitution, the International Treaties and the Labour Code, carrying out this analysis by means of a bibliographic and descriptive research, where the historical background of the right to work was determined, as well as the elements that make up the employment relationship, what makes up an employment contract, the principles that support the rights of workers, employment stability and its types, determining the main causes or practices that violate this right, especially the change of occupation. In this study, the incidences that occur with this type of action taken by the employer against the worker are analysed in a critical and doctrinaire manner, taking the change of occupation as an untimely dismissal from work. To achieve the objectives, a quantitative and qualitative
KEYWORDS: labour, rule of law, personnel management, labour conflict, employment.
JEL CODE: J28, J81ABSTRACTThe main objective of this article is to analyze the incidence that the change of employment occupation has on the full exercise of the right to stability guaranteed by the Constitution, the International Treaties and the Labour Code, carrying out this analysis by means of a bibliographic and descriptive research, where the historical background of the right to work was determined, as well as the elements that make up the employment relationship, what makes up an employment contract, the principles that support the rights of workers, employment stability and its types, determining the main causes or practices that violate this right, especially the change of occupation. In this study, the incidences that occur with this type of action taken by the employer against the worker are analysed in a critical and doctrinaire manner, taking the change of occupation as an untimely dismissal from work. To achieve the objectives, a quantitative and qualitative
KEYWORDS: labour, rule of law, personnel management, labour conflict, employment.
RESUMENEste artículo tiene como objetivo principal analizar la incidencia que tiene el cambio de ocupación laboral sobre el ejercicio pleno del Derecho a la estabilidad que está garantizada al mismo en la Constitución, los Tratados Internacionales y el Código de Trabajo, llevándose a cabo este análisis por medio de la realización de una investigación bibliográfica y descriptiva, donde se determinaron los antecedentes históricos del Derecho al trabajo, también los elementos que conforman la relación de trabajo, lo que conforma un contrato laboral, los principios que sostienen los derechos de los trabajadores, la estabilidadlaboral y sus clases, determinándose las principales causas o prácticas que vulneran este derecho, especialmente el cambio de ocupación. En este estudio es analizado de manera crítica y doctrinaria las incidencias que se producen con este tipo de acciones realizadas por el empleador contra el trabajador, tomándose el cambio de ocupación como un despido laboral realizado de manera intempestiva. Para el logro de los objetivos se desarrolla un estudio cuantitativo y cualitativo, aplicándose como herramientas de recolección de datos las encuestas y las entrevistas, realizados a abogados en materia laboral y jueces del área, expulsando entre sus resultados que el 84% de los encuestados consideran que, si es vulnerado el derecho a la estabilidad por medio del cambio de ocupación, contradiciendo el mandato establecido en la carta magna, por lo que esnecesaria la reforma del Código del trabajo a fin de precautelar los derechos de los trabajadores que son menoscabados por parte de los empleadores en la actualidad
CÓDIGO JEL: J28, J8
Direito Constitucional e Economia
No full textConstitutional law and economics pose questions such as: "What is the scope of the power of the U.S. Congress to regulate commerce"; "How much legislative authority can be delegated to administrators"; and "When should a constitutional change occur through a judicial update rather than a formal amendment". To address these issues, constitutional law and economics combine positive, normative, and interpretive analysis, so this text addresses an important and fertile research agenda.El derecho constitucional y la economía plantean preguntas como: "¿Cuál es el alcance del poder del Congreso de los Estados Unidos para regular el comercio?"; '¿Cuánta autoridad legislativa se puede delegar a los administradores?'; y '¿Cuándo debería ocurrir un cambio constitucional a través de una actualización judicial en lugar de una enmienda formal?' Para abordar estas cuestiones, el derecho constitucional y la economía combinan análisis positivo, normativo e interpretativo, por lo cual este texto aborda un importante y fértil programa de investigación
Reforma judicial: breves considerações sobre a Emenda Constitucional 45/2004
No full textThis paper analyses the problems regarding the efficiency in the Judicial System, showing the difficulties in identifying that, once it has to deal with the output of the system, studying quality and quantity. It shows the possible reasons for the inefficiency and studies the solutions suggested to improve the system, including some reforms in the legislation. After, it focuses on the constitutional amendment in Brazil, no. 45\2004, that has established another demand for the appeals to be accepted at the Supreme Court. It also questions the utility, once most of the appeals were retained in the lower-level courts waiting for the Supreme Court’s decision in similar cases. It concludes that reforms to search for a more efficient system have to study each country’s condition to adopt the best solution for the problem.
KEYWORDS: justice, legal reform, legal norm, constitution, political system.
JEL CODE: K,K4ABSTRACTThis paper analyses the problems regarding the efficiency in the Judicial System, showing the difficulties in identifying that, once it has to deal with the output of the system, studying quality and quantity. It shows the possible reasons for the inefficiency and studies the solutions suggested to improve the system, including some reforms in the legislation. After, it focuses on the constitutional amendment in Brazil, no. 45\2004, that has established another demand for the appeals to be accepted at the Supreme Court. It also questions the utility, once most of the appeals were retained in the lower-level courts waiting for the Supreme Court’s decision in similar cases. It concludes that reforms to search for a more efficient system have to study each country’s condition to adopt the best solution for the problem.
KEYWORDS: justice, legal reform, legal norm, constitution, political system.
RESUMENEste trabajo analiza los problemas relativos a la eficiencia en el Sistema Judicial, mostrando las dificultades para identificarla, una vez que se trata de la producción del sistema, estudiando la calidad y la cantidad. Muestra las posibles razones de la ineficiencia y estudia las soluciones sugeridas para mejorar el sistema, incluyendo algunas reformas en la legislación. A continuación, se centra en la enmienda constitucional de Brasil, núm. 45\2004, que ha establecido otra exigencia para que los recursos sean aceptados en el Tribunal Supremo. También cuestiona la utilidad, una vez que la mayor parte de los recursos fueron retenidos en los tribunales de nivel inferior a la espera de la decisión del Tribunal Supremo en casos similares. Concluye que las reformas para buscar un sistema más eficiente tienen que estudiar la condición de cada país para adoptar la mejor solución para el problema.
CÓDIGO JEL: K, K4Cet article analyse les problèmes concernant l'efficacité du système judiciaire, en montrant les difficultés à identifier, une fois qu'il a affaire à la production du système, en étudiant la qualité et la quantité. Il montre les raisons possibles de l'inefficacité et étudie les solutions suggérées pour améliorer le système, y compris certaines réformes de la législation. Après, il se concentre sur l'amendement constitutionnel au Brésil, non. 45\2004, qui a établi une autre demande pour que les appels soient acceptés à la Cour suprême. Il remet également en question l'utilité, une fois que la plupart des appels ont été retenus dans les juridictions inférieures en attendant la décision de la Cour suprême dans des affaires similaires. Il conclut que les réformes visant à rechercher un système plus efficace doivent étudier la situation de chaque pays pour adopter la meilleure solution au problème.
MOTS-CLÉS: justice, réforme juridique, norme juridique, constitution, système politique.
CODE JEL: K, K4Questo contributo analizza le problematiche relative all'efficienza del Sistema Giudiziario, evidenziando le difficoltà nell'individuare che, una volta che deve confrontarsi con l'output del sistema, si studia qualità e quantità. Mostra le possibili ragioni dell'inefficienza e studia le soluzioni suggerite per migliorare il sistema, includendo alcune riforme nella legislazione. Successivamente, si sofferma sull'emendamento costituzionale in Brasile, n. 45\2004, che ha stabilito un'altra domanda per l'accoglimento dei ricorsi in Cassazione. Mette anche in dubbio l'utilità, una volta che la maggior parte dei ricorsi è stata trattenuta nei tribunali di grado inferiore in attesa della decisione della Corte Suprema in casi simili. Conclude che le riforme per cercare un sistema più efficiente devono studiare la condizione di ciascun paese per adottare la migliore soluzione al problema.
PAROLE CHIAVE: giustizia, riforma giuridica, norma giuridica, costituzione, sistema politico.
CODICE JEL: K,K4Esse artigo analisa os problemas de eficiência nos sistemas judiciais, demonstrando a dificuldade na sua identificação, uma vez que lida com o output do sistema judicial, que mescla qualidade e quantidade. O artigo mostra as possíveis razões para a ineficiência e estuda soluções sugeridas para melhorar o sistema, dentre elas a reforma das legislações. Passa, então, a analisar a Emenda Constitucional 45\2004, que estabeleceu outra exigência para que os recursos extraordinários fossem aceitos no Supremo Tribunal Federal. Na sqeuência, questiona a utilidade da reforma, uma vez que a maioria dos recursos foram sobrestados, esperando a decisão final do Supremo Tribunal Federal. Conclui que as reformas para a melhoria do sistema judicial devem estudar a particularidade de cada país de modo a adotar a solução mais indicada para a melhoria do sistema.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: justiça, reforma jurídica, norma jurídica, constituição, sistema político.
CÓDIGO JEL: K, K
Reflexões sobre desigualdade étnica, reconhecimento, justiça distributiva e participação na América Latina
No full textThe normative framework proposed by Nancy Fraser integrates the politics of redistribution and the recognition of difference. This framework of social justice allows us to analyse social agreements and their institutions to determine to what extent they can guarantee parity in participation, given that the social injustices we suffer are a mixture of economic injustices and their distribution. Based on this theoretical proposal, this article sets out to outline lines of analysis of the extent to which ethnic inequality in Latin America responds to the exclusionary nature of distribution and recognition, and therefore of parity in participation, inherited from the colonial era.
JEL CODE: D63, J15ABSTRACTThe normative framework proposed by Nancy Fraser integrates the politics of redistribution and the recognition of difference. This framework of social justice allows us to analyse social agreements and their institutions to determine to what extent they can guarantee parity in participation, given that the social injustices we suffer are a mixture of economic injustices and their distribution. Based on this theoretical proposal, this article sets out to outline lines of analysis of the extent to which ethnic inequality in Latin America responds to the exclusionary nature of distribution and recognition, and therefore of parity in participation, inherited from the colonial era
KEY WORDS: social justice, inequality, social participation, inequality, ethnic groups
RESUMENEl marco normativo que propone Nancy Fraser integra las políticas de redistribución y de reconocimiento de la diferencia. Este marco de justicia social permite analizar los acuerdos sociales y sus instituciones para determinar hasta qué punto pueden estos garantizar la paridad en la participación dado que las injusticias sociales que padecemos son una mezcla entre injusticias económicas y su distribución. Con base en esta propuesta teórica, el presente artículo se plantea esbozar líneas de análisis sobre la medida en que la desigualdad étnica en América Latina respondería al carácter excluyente de la distribución y el reconocimiento, y, por tanto, de la paridad en la participación, heredado desde la época colonial.
CÓDIGO JEL: D63, J15Le cadre normatif proposé par Nancy Fraser intègre la politique de redistribution et la reconnaissance de la différence. Ce cadre de justice sociale nous permet d'analyser les accords sociaux et leurs institutions pour déterminer dans quelle mesure ils peuvent garantir la parité dans la participation, étant donné que les injustices sociales que nous subissons sont un mélange d'injustices économiques et de leur répartition. À partir de cette proposition théorique, cet article se propose d'esquisser des pistes d'analyse de la mesure dans laquelle l'inégalité ethnique en Amérique latine répond au caractère excluant de la distribution et de la reconnaissance, et donc de la parité dans la participation, hérité de l'époque coloniale.
CODE JEL: D63, J15Il quadro normativo proposto da Nancy Fraser integra la politica della redistribuzione e il riconoscimento della differenza. Questo quadro di giustizia sociale ci permette di analizzare gli accordi sociali e le loro istituzioni per determinare fino a che punto possono garantire la parità nella partecipazione, dato che le ingiustizie sociali che subiamo sono un misto di ingiustizie economiche e la loro distribuzione. Sulla base di questa proposta teorica, questo articolo si propone di delineare linee di analisi della misura in cui la disuguaglianza etnica in America Latina risponde alla natura escludente della distribuzione e del riconoscimento, e quindi della parità nella partecipazione, ereditata dall'era coloniale.
CODICE JEL: D63, J15O quadro normativo proposto por Nancy Fraser integra a política de redistribuição e o reconhecimento da diferença. Este quadro de justiça social permite analisar os acordos sociais e suas instituições para determinar em que medida podem garantir a paridade na participação, visto que as injustiças sociais que sofremos são um misto de injustiças econômicas e sua distribuição. A partir dessa proposta teórica, este artigo se propõe a traçar linhas de análise sobre em que medida a desigualdade étnica na América Latina responde ao caráter excludente da distribuição e do reconhecimento e, portanto, da paridade na participação, herdada da era colonial.
CÓDIGO JEL: D63, J1
Propriedade Intelectual e Desenvolvimento: Problemas para a Capitalização de Ativos Intangíveis
No full textThis article addresses issues related to the management of Intellectual Property from legislation and public policies and the importance it has in the sphere of social development at present, in addition it talks about the little interest paid by the academy Ecuadorian to study mechanisms to optimize the capitalization of intangible assets of Intellectual Property and thus allow the full enjoyment of its fruits by its owner, so that in the following lines some important aspects will be mentioned to be considered so that the management of Intellectual property rights in Ecuador reflect the needs of the fourth industrial revolution and the global market today.
KEYWORDS: Intellectual property, economic development, efficiency, economy, regulation.
JEL CODE: O34RESUMENEn el presente artículo se abordan cuestiones referentes a la gestión de la Propiedad Intelectual desde la legislación y las políticas públicas y la importancia que tiene en la esfera del desarrollo social en la actualidad, además se habla acerca del poco interés prestado por parte de la academia ecuatoriana al estudio de mecanismos para optimizar la capitalización de activos intangibles de Propiedad Intelectual y permitir de esta manera el pleno goce de sus frutos por su titular, es así que en las siguientes líneas se mencionarán algunos aspectos importantes a ser considerados para que la gestión de Derechos de propiedad Intelectual en el Ecuador refleje las necesidades de la cuarta revolución industrial y el mercado global en la actualidad.
ABSTRACTThis article addresses issues related to the management of Intellectual Property from legislation and public policies and the importance it has in the sphere of social development at present, in addition it talks about the little interest paid by the academy Ecuadorian to study mechanisms to optimize the capitalization of intangible assets of Intellectual Property and thus allow the full enjoyment of its fruits by its owner, so that in the following lines some important aspects will be mentioned to be considered so that the management of Intellectual property rights in Ecuador reflect the needs of the fourth industrial revolution and the global market today.
KEYWORDS: Intellectual property, economic development, efficiency, economy, regulation.
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: O3
Extradição de Rafael Correa vs asilo na Bélgica
No full textThis paper analyzes the figure of extradition and asylum, through international law, together with de possibility that they may be applied in favor or against the former president of Ecuador Rafael Correa; using for this the theoretical deduction method based on the normative principles of both figures to apply then theoretically in the case of Correa. The extradition is analyzed in the first chapter and then continues with the requirements that Ecuador needs to request it, next the question í‚¿ the existence of an international agreement between the requesting country and the required country to apply the extradition is a sine qua non requirement? Is try to answer, the next chapter deals with the principle of non-intervention, subsequently the asylum and the possibility that Correa would benefit for it and the ACNUR's opinions are exposed, for finally make a comparative table between extradition and asylum. The article concludes that there are more technical-legal foundations for Correa to obtain asylum in Belgium, thus avoiding the extradition.
JEL CODE: H1, H83RESUMENEl trabajo analiza a la figura de la extradición y el asilo, a la luz del derecho internacional, conjuntamente con la posibilidad de que estas sean aplicadas en contra o a favor del expresidente del Ecuador Rafael Correa; utilizando para ello el método teórico de deducción al partir de los principios normativos de ambas figuras para aplicarlos teóricamente en el caso de Correa. La extradición es abordada en un primer apartado para luego continuar con los requisitos que el Ecuador debe tomar en cuenta para solicitarla, a continuación se intenta dar respuesta a la pregunta í‚¿Es requisito sine qua non la existencia de un convenio internacional entre el país requirente y el país requerido para aplicar la extradición?, el siguiente apartado trata sobre el principio de no intervención, posteriormente el asilo y la posibilidad de que Correa se beneficie del mismo así como los dictámenes de ACNUR son expuestos, para por ultimo realizar un cuadro comparativo entre la extradición y el asilo. El artículo concluye en que son más los fundamentos técnico- jurídicos en pos de que Correa obtenga el asilo en Bélgica, evadiendo así la extradición.
ABSTRACT:
The purpose of this paper is to determine if the regulatory measures implemented de facto by the Ecuadorian State for the commercialization of primary agricultural products, correctly, in products such as corn, raw milk and whey, and rice, comply with the objectives determined by the Organic Law for the Regulation and Control of Market Power and its Regulations. Furthermore, it can be determined as public aid. As analyzed, public aids can be conferred for reasons of social or public interest, or the benefit of consumers; and, in the Ecuadorian agricultural market in order to promote the production and transformation of food, aimed at guaranteeing food sovereignty and that are granted to small and mediumsized units of community production and of the famous and solidarity economy. It is concluded that the Superintendency of Control of Market Power is the public organism called to analyze the efficiency of the regulatory measures, taking into account that, since there is no clear competition policy, it cannot be determined whether these measures are indeed economically efficient; or on the contrary, the regulations harm the national economy.
KEYWORDS: Public aids, agricultural sector, ecuadorian primary products market, price-fixing.
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: H1, H83
 
Pandemia de COVID-19: novas evidências de reforma legal necessária para crianças equatorianas
No full textABSTRACT:The pandemic caused by COVID-19 has highlighted certain situations such as the lack of a mandatory regime of communication between children and parents, which oblige the Ecuadorian legislator to urgently adopt the reform of certain laws as the Code of childhood and adolescence maintains about the "visitation regime" in order to avoid the collapse of the child justice system.
KEYWORDS: free movement, communication, family law, childhood, legal reform.
JEL CODE: D1, J13RESUME:
La pandémie provoquée par le COVID-19 a mis en évidence certaines situations telles que le manque d’un régime obligatoire de communication entre enfants et parents, qui obligent le lé gislateur équatorien à adopter d’urgence la réforme de certaines lois que le Code de l’enfance et de l’adolescence maintient au sujet du «régime de visites», afin d’éviter l’effondrement du système judiciaire en matière d’enfance.
MOTS CLES: libre circulation, communication, droit de la famille, enfance, réforme juridique.
RESÚMEN:
La pandemia provocada por COVID-19 ha puesto de manifiesto ciertas situaciones, como la falta de un régimen obligatorio de comunicación entre niños y padres, que obligan a los legisladores ecuatorianos a adoptar urgentemente la reforma de ciertas leyes que el Código de la Niñez y Adolescencia mantiene en relación con el “régimen de visitas”, a fin de evitar el colapso del sistema de justicia en materia de infancia.
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: D1, J13RESUME:
La pandémie provoquée par le COVID-19 a mis en évidence certaines situations telles que le manque d’un régime obligatoire de communication entre enfants et parents, qui obligent le lé gislateur équatorien à adopter d’urgence la réforme de certaines lois que le Code de l’enfance et de l’adolescence maintient au sujet du «régime de visites», afin d’éviter l’effondrement du système judiciaire en matière d’enfance.
MOTS CLES: libre circulation, communication, droit de la famille, enfance, réforme juridique.RIASSUNTO:La pandemia causata dal COVID-19 ha messo in luce alcune situazioni come la mancanza di un regime obbligatorio di comunicazione tra bambini e genitori, che obbligano il legislatore ecuadoriano ad adottare con urgenza la riforma di alcune leggi come il Codice dell'infanzia e dell'adolescenza sostiene a proposito del " regime delle visite "al fine di evitare il collasso del sistema di giustizia dei minori.
PAROLE CHIAVE: libera circolazione, comunicazione, diritto di famiglia, infanzia, riforma giuridica