Revista Facultad de Jurisprudencia
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Importance de la logique en droit
No full textSince antiquity there is evidence of an interest for legal reasoning. With the emergence of logic in Greece, between the sixth and fifth centuries BC and the Eleatic school, whose main representative was Parmenides, it was established one of the axioms of this science: the law of identity. However, with few advances after Aristotle, especially during the Middle Ages, and despite the interest that Scholasticism shows in the use of this rational tool, innovations in logic remained stagnant for a long time. It is from the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth, with the emergence of symbolic logic, developed by thinkers such as Frege, Peano, Russell and Whitehead, that this discipline acquires a new impulse that is deployed to the present. The Legal Logic has based and identified basic principles that are necessarily linked to the application of Law. Finally, it is concluded that the interrelation between Logic and Law provides the latter with an adjusted interpretation of the norm, ensures a good process, and serves as a tool in making decisions.
KEY WORDS: legal logic, judicial decision, reasoning, limits, Law.
JEL CODE: A14, D23RESUMENDesde la Antigüedad se evidencia un interés por el razonamiento. Con la aparición de la lógica en Grecia, entre los siglos VI y V a.C. y la escuela eleática, cuyo principal representante fue Parménides, se estableció uno de los axiomas de esta ciencia: el principio de identidad. Sin embargo, con pocos avances después de Aristóteles, especialmente durante la Edad Media, y a pesar del interés que muestra la Escolástica por el uso de esta herramienta racional, las innovaciones en la lógica quedaron estancadas por largo tiempo. Es a partir del final del siglo XIX y principios del XX, con el surgimiento de la lógica simbólica, desarrollada por pensadores como Frege, Peano, Russell y Whitehead, que esta disciplina adquiere un nuevo impulso que se despliega hasta la actualidad. La lógica jurídica ha fundamentado e iden-tificado principios básicos que se vinculan de modo necesario con la aplicación del Derecho. En fin, se concluye que la interrelación entre lógica y derecho proporciona a éste una interpretación ajustada de la norma, asegura un buen proceso, y sirve como herramienta en la toma de las decisiones.
ABSTRACTSince antiquity there is evidence of an interest for legal reasoning. With the emergence of logic in Greece, between the sixth and fifth centuries BC and the Eleatic school, whose main representative was Parmenides, it was established one of the axioms of this science: the law of identity. However, with few advances after Aristotle, especially during the Middle Ages, and despite the interest that Scholasticism shows in the use of this rational tool, innovations in logic remained stagnant for a long time. It is from the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth, with the emergence of symbolic logic, developed by thinkers such as Frege, Peano, Russell and Whitehead, that this discipline acquires a new impulse that is deployed to the present. The Legal Logic has based and identified basic principles that are necessarily linked to the application of Law. Finally, it is concluded that the interrelation between Logic and Law provides the latter with an adjusted interpretation of the norm, ensures a good process, and serves as a tool in making decisions.
KEY WORDS: legal logic, judicial decision, reasoning, limits, Law.
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: A14, D2
Intervenção da lógica jurídica como eixo transformador do raciocínio em direito
No full textThe aim of this paper is to describe the standing position of legal argumentation for normative systems of Roman legal tradition. This paper was divided into the following three sections: Firstly, it explores the legal reasoning applied by the legal community (considering logic as a key element of analysis). Secondly, the impact of praxeology as a science of human action. Finally, it discusses the significance of legal argumentation as a tool available to judges and jurists.
KEY WORDS: legal logic, legal argumentation, legal reasoning, praxeology, legal theory.
JEL CODE: K11, K39RESUMENEl objetivo de este artículo es describir la importancia de la argumentación legal para los sistemas normativos de la tradición jurídica romana. Bajo ese propósito, este documento se dividió en tres secciones. En primer lugar, explora el razonamiento legal aplicado por la comunidad legal (considerando a la lógica como un elemento clave de análisis). En segundo lugar, el impacto de la praxeología como ciencia de la acción humana. Finalmente, se discute la importancia de la argumentación legal como una herramienta para jueces y juristas.
ABSTRACTThe aim of this paper is to describe the standing position of legal argumentation for normative systems of Roman legal tradition. This paper was divided into the following three sections: Firstly, it explores the legal reasoning applied by the legal community (considering logic as a key element of analysis). Secondly, the impact of praxeology as a science of human action. Finally, it discusses the significance of legal argumentation as a tool available to judges and jurists.
KEY WORDS: legal logic, legal argumentation, legal reasoning, praxeology, legal theory.
JEL CODE /CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: K11, K3
Proteções jurídicas ambientais: reflexos da experiência peruana
No full textThis article discusses the fractionation, heterogeneity and dispersion of the Peruvian environmental legal system. The relevance of this proposal is its consideration of application-level problems for environmental rules of the game, as addressed by the competent public entities and the entities overseeing the current functional environmental systems. Finally, and considering the principle of transectoriality, it proposes as a corrective mechanism the need to articulate and coordinate the actions of the OEFA with respect to the SINEFA.
KEYWORDS: environment, legal order, sectoral application, transectoriality principle, environmental protection.
JEL CODE: F18, H23RESUMENEste artículo analiza el fraccionamiento, la heterogeneidad y la dispersión del sistema legal ambiental peruano. La relevancia de esta propuesta es su consideración de los problemas de nivel de aplicación para las reglas ambientales del juego, cómo lo abordan las entidades públicas competentes y las entidades que supervisan los sistemas ambientales funcionales actuales. Finalmente, y considerando el principio de transectorialidad, se propone como mecanismo correctivo la necesidad de articular y coordinar las acciones del OEFA con respecto al SINEFA.
ABSTRACTThis article discusses the fractionation, heterogeneity and dispersion of the Peruvian environmental legal system. The relevance of this proposal is its consideration of application-level problems for environmental rules of the game, as addressed by the competent public entities and the entities overseeing the current functional environmental systems. Finally, and considering the principle of transectoriality, it proposes as a corrective mechanism the need to articulate and coordinate the actions of the OEFA with respect to the SINEFA.
KEYWORDS: environment, legal order, sectoral application, transectoriality principle, environmental protection.
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: F18, H2
A análise de problemas sócio-jurídicos por meio de jogos de RPG: uma abordagem do direito e da literatura
No full textStudies on law and literature have shown that both disciplines can have different points of contact, including descriptive dimensions (on the content and debates of law in literary works) and criticism (alluding to the generation of empathy through experience of the impact of law on the life of the characters in the works or referring to the interdisciplinary explanation of certain phenomena). The synergy between law and literature is possible, among other re asons, due to the fact that human experience can be considered as a nomos in which socially constructed normative issues have a present frequency. If role-playing games are understood as phenomena of literary “text”, therefore susceptible to dynamics of interaction with questions alluding to socio-legal phenomena, it is possible to use the lessons on law and literature to obtain, among others, two Objectives: a didactic one, teaching about law and its debates, and a critical one, encouraging questions about the aspects studied. The above is more feasible when addressing the narrative and simulation dimensions that role-playing games can have, especially due to the influence of the notion of agency in them, which allow for “experiences” in which the impact of the law is identified. (or his absence) about characters and third-party stakeholders. This type of interactions also allows sensitization and empathy to those who lack effective normative protection in phenomena similar to those that occur in real life. The above statements are confirmed with a case study: the reference to the world of Eberron.
KEY WORDS: law and literature, pedagogy by agency, international relations, critical analysis of law, role plays.
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: Z11, O14RESUMENLos estudios sobre derecho y literatura han demostrado que ambas disciplinas pueden tener diversos puntos de contacto, in-cluyendo dimensiones descriptivas (sobre el contenido y los debates del derecho en las obras literarias) y críticas (alusiva a la generación de empatía a través de la vivencia del impacto del derecho en la vida de los personajes en las obras o referente a la explicación interdisciplinar de determinados fenómenos). La sinergia entre el derecho y la litera-tura es posible, entre otras razones, por el hecho de que la experien-cia humana puede considerarse como un nomos en el que cuestiones normativas construidas socialmente tienen una frecuencia presente. Si se entienden a los juegos de rol como fenómenos de “texto” litera-rio, susceptibles en consecuencia a dinámicas de interacción con inte-rrogantes alusivos a fenómenos socio-jurídicos, es posible emplear los aprendizajes sobre el derecho y la literatura para obtener, entre otros, dos objetivos: uno didáctico, de enseñanza sobre el derecho y sus de-bates, y uno crítico, fomentando cuestionamientos sobre los aspectos estudiados. Lo anterior es más factible cuando se abordan las dimen-siones narrativas y de simulación que pueden tener los juegos de rol, especialmente por la influencia de la noción de agencia en los mismos, que permiten tener “experiencias” en las que se identifique el impacto del derecho (o de su ausencia) sobre personajes y terceros stakeholders. Este tipo de interacciones permite, además, sensibilizar y generar em-patía frente a quienes carecen de una protección normativa efectiva en fenómenos similares a los que se presentan en la vida real. Las anterio-res aseveraciones se confirman con un estudio de caso: el referente al mundo de Eberron.
ABSTRACTStudies on law and literature have shown that both disciplines can have different points of contact, including descriptive dimensions (on the content and debates of law in literary works) and criticism (alluding to the generation of empathy through experience of the impact of law on the life of the characters in the works or referring to the interdisciplinary explanation of certain phenomena). The synergy between law and literature is possible, among other re asons, due to the fact that human experience can be considered as a nomos in which socially constructed normative issues have a present frequency. If role-playing games are understood as phenomena of literary “text”, therefore susceptible to dynamics of interaction with questions alluding to socio-legal phenomena, it is possible to use the lessons on law and literature to obtain, among others, two Objectives: a didactic one, teaching about law and its debates, and a critical one, encouraging questions about the aspects studied. The above is more feasible when addressing the narrative and simulation dimensions that role-playing games can have, especially due to the influence of the notion of agency in them, which allow for “experiences” in which the impact of the law is identified. (or his absence) about characters and third-party stakeholders. This type of interactions also allows sensitization and empathy to those who lack effective normative protection in phenomena similar to those that occur in real life. The above statements are confirmed with a case study: the reference to the world of Eberron.
KEY WORDS: law and literature, pedagogy by agency, international relations, critical analysis of law, role plays.
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: Z11, O1
A cláusula da nação mais favorecida: uma revisão
No full textIn this article, inter-State relations are approached from a juridical-economic perspective to identify the origin for excessive transaction costs in this area. The political and administrative decisions made at the international level and the problems that come with the actions adopted are analyzed without a rational examination of the regulations in question. This article focuses on the study of the most favored nation clause, a figure of International Commercial Law enshrined in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: F02, B31RESUMENEl artículo aborda, desde una visión jurídico-económica, las relaciones entre Estados para identificar el origen de los excesos en los costos de transacción en este ámbito. Se analizan las decisiones políticas y administrativas tomadas a nivel internacional y los problemas que traen consigo las acciones adoptadas sin un examen racional de la regulación en la materia. Este artículo se enfoca en el estudio de la cláusula de nación más favorecida, figura del Derecho Comercial Internacional consagrada en el Acuerdo General de Aranceles Aduaneros y Comercio.
ABSTRACTIn this article, inter-State relations are approached from a juridical-economic perspective to identify the origin for excessive transaction costs in this area. The political and administrative decisions made at the international level and the problems that come with the actions adopted are analyzed without a rational examination of the regulations in question. This article focuses on the study of the most favored nation clause, a figure of International Commercial Law enshrined in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.
KEY WORDS: transaction costs, integration, International Law, Economic Development, International Treaties.
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: F02, B3
Eutanásia: uma visão a partir da lei
No full textStarting from an analysis on Euthanasia, its concept and different periods that characterize it, the work makes some judgments from the right and tries to reflect properly to understand different aspects of this topic or way of dying: euthanasia, the same legalized gives the power, medical or health personnel, to directly end the lives of people in especially dependent conditions, this is an edge of the problem. Finally, the work concludes with a view from the right that is not even remotely exhausted, because this is a very topical issue and that looks from different points of view of interest to humanity.
KEY WORDS: euthanasia, periodization, suicide, juridical order and right
JEL CODE: I12, K1RESUMENPartiendo de un análisis sobre la Eutanasia, su concepto y diferentes períodos que la caracterizan, el trabajo realiza algunos juicios desde el derecho y trata de reflexionar para comprender adecuadamente diferentes aspectos de esta temática o forma de morir: la eutanasia, la misma legalizada otorga el poder, al personal médico o de salud, de poner fin directamente a la vida de personas en condiciones especialmente dependientes, esta es una arista del problema. Finalmente, el trabajo concluye con una mirada desde el derecho que ni remotamente se agota, pues esta es una temática de mucha actualidad y que se mira de diferentes puntos de vista de interés para la humanidad.
ABSTRACT Starting from an analysis on Euthanasia, its concept and different periods that characterize it, the work makes some judgments from the right and tries to reflect properly to understand different aspects of this topic or way of dying: euthanasia, the same legalized gives the power, medical or health personnel, to directly end the lives of people in especially dependent conditions, this is an edge of the problem. Finally, the work concludes with a view from the right that is not even remotely exhausted, because this is a very topical issue and that looks from different points of view of interest to humanity.
KEY WORDS: euthanasia, periodization, suicide, juridical order and right
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: I12, K
A realidade da prisão preventiva em face das reformas processuais penais no Ecuador
No full textThis article shows how criminal justice reforms in Ecuador lead to an improvement in the efficiency of the criminal justice system, while maintaining or even aggravating its traditional weaknesses, such as the arbitrariness of deprivation of liberty. Through the study of the reality of pre-trial detention, it is possible to demonstrate not only the selectivity in the implementation of the reform plan, but also the resilience of the legal culture in the Region, hyperlegalism and its highly selective compliance, both historical factors that might not have been considered by international assistance providers. Finally, we must verify the inquisitorial reconfiguration of the adversarial system.
KEY WORDS: preventive detention, reforms, procedural system, hyperlegalism, inquisitorial reconfiguration.
JEL CODE: K14RESUMENEste articulo muestra como las reformas procesales penales en el Ecuador acaban en un mejoramiento de la eficiencia del sistema penal, mientras se mantienen o incluso agravan sus debilidades tradicionales como es la arbitrariedad de la privación de la libertad. Mediante el estudio sobre la realidad de la prisión preventiva se puede demostrar no solamente la selectividad en la realización del plan de reformas, sino también la capacidad de resistencia de la cultura jurídica en la Región, el hiperlegalismo y su cumplimiento altamente selectivo, cuales bases materiales e históricas no han sido consideradas por los proveedores internacionales de asistencia. Finalmente, se debe constatar la reconfiguración inquisitorial del sistema adversarial.
ABSTRACTThis article shows how criminal justice reforms in Ecuador lead to an improvement in the efficiency of the criminal justice system, while maintaining or even aggravating its traditional weaknesses, such as the arbitrariness of deprivation of liberty. Through the study of the reality of pre-trial detention, it is possible to demonstrate not only the selectivity in the implementation of the reform plan, but also the resilience of the legal culture in the Region, hyperlegalism and its highly selective compliance, both historical factors that might not have been considered by international assistance providers. Finally, we must verify the inquisitorial reconfiguration of the adversarial system.
KEY WORDS: preventive detention, reforms, procedural system, hyperlegalism, inquisitorial reconfiguration.
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: K1
Eutanásia e distanásia: dois extremos opostos
No full textWhen talking about death with dignity there are two opposite extremes that should be distinguished: euthanasia and dys-thanasia. While the first one seeks to accelerate death, the second one tries to delay or avoid it “at any cost”. Between both ends there seems to be a right balance, which this article tries to define as clearly as pos-sible. To do so, after a brief introduction where the collative and de-ductive methods used are presented (chapter I), the author analyzes the fundamental values of science and medical practice (chapter II), the care due to the patient, where the widely used principle of thera-peutic proportionality comes in (chapter III); developing this, the dis-tinction between ordinary means of subsistence, minimum cures and ordinary (or proportional) therapies take place (chapter IV). With all this background, the author can define what should be understood by “good death” and identify its unreasonable extremes, both euthanasia and dysthanasia. There is only an ethical and legal obligation to give a terminal patient the proportional therapies. The main conclusion is that killing a person is a disproportionate way to calm pain and dys-thanasia is equally irrational.
KEY WORDS: therapeutic cruelty, fierceness, dignified death, natu-ral death, Principle of therapeutic proportionality.
JEL CODE: KI, I12RESUMENCuando se habla de la muerte digna existen dos extremos opuestos que conviene distinguir: la eutanasia y la distanasia. Mientras la eutanasia intenta acelerar la muerte, el encarnizamiento terapéutico se intenta retardarla o evitarla “a toda costa”. Entre ambos extremos parece haber un justo medio, que se intenta definir de la manera más nítida posible en este artículo. Para hacerlo, después de una breve in-troducción donde se aclara el método colativo y deductivo a usar (ca-pítulo I), el autor analiza los valores fundamentales de la ciencia y de la práctica médica (capítulo II), los cuidados debidos al paciente, donde toca el muy utilizado principio de proporcionalidad terapéutica (capí-tulo III); desarrollando lo anterior, distingue los medios ordinarios de subsistencia, las curas mínimas y las terapias ordinarias (o proporcio-nales). Con todos estos antecedentes ya se puede entrar a definir en el capítulo IV qué debe entenderse por “buen morir” y cómo son extre-mos irrazonables, tanto la eutanasia, como la distanasia. La conclusión principal es que resulta desproporcionado matar para calmar el dolor (la eutanasia): dar muerte a alguien es un medio desproporcionado para calmar el dolor; a la vez, la distanasia o ensañamiento terapéutico es igual de irrazonable, porque trata de mantener la vida a toda costa con medios que resultan desproporcionados. Solo hay obligación ética y jurídica de dar al paciente terminal las terapias proporcionales.
ABSTRACTWhen talking about death with dignity there are two opposite extremes that should be distinguished: euthanasia and dys-thanasia. While the first one seeks to accelerate death, the second one tries to delay or avoid it “at any cost”. Between both ends there seems to be a right balance, which this article tries to define as clearly as pos-sible. To do so, after a brief introduction where the collative and de-ductive methods used are presented (chapter I), the author analyzes the fundamental values of science and medical practice (chapter II), the care due to the patient, where the widely used principle of thera-peutic proportionality comes in (chapter III); developing this, the dis-tinction between ordinary means of subsistence, minimum cures and ordinary (or proportional) therapies take place (chapter IV). With all this background, the author can define what should be understood by “good death” and identify its unreasonable extremes, both euthanasia and dysthanasia. There is only an ethical and legal obligation to give a terminal patient the proportional therapies. The main conclusion is that killing a person is a disproportionate way to calm pain and dys-thanasia is equally irrational.
KEY WORDS: therapeutic cruelty, fierceness, dignified death, natu-ral death, Principle of therapeutic proportionality.
JEL CODE/ CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: KI, I1
Resenha do Livro "Direito Financeiro e Direito Tributário: ensaios em homenagem ao Professor José Vicente Troya Jaramillo"
No full textReview of Albán Zambonino, Marco, Derecho financiero y derecho tributario ensayos en honor del profesor José Vicente Troya Jaramillo, Instituto Ecuatoriano de Derecho Tributario, Quito, 2017, 608 pp. ISBN 978-9942-28-289-7
JEL CODE: D53, E44Recensión de Albán Zambonino, Marco, Derecho financiero y derecho tributario ensayos en honor del profesor José Vicente Troya Jaramillo, Instituto Ecuatoriano de Derecho Tributario, Quito, 2017, 608 pp. ISBN 978-9942-28-289-7
Review of Albán Zambonino, Marco, Derecho financiero y derecho tributario ensayos en honor del profesor José Vicente Troya Jaramillo, Instituto Ecuatoriano de Derecho Tributario, Quito, 2017, 608 pp. ISBN 978-9942-28-289-7
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: D53, E4
O domínio das notícias falsas: regular ou educar?
No full textThe growing fear in the internet networks swings between the real or false, believing or not, the dimensioned or exempted. We are experiencing a virtual paranoia where we assume the extremes for not understanding what we receive. This is the chaos caused by the famous fake news. A few months ago, you could perceive its coming as a storm but you could not understand this reality as a mass phenomenon. It is said that everything that threatens social equilibrium requires the right to restore the harmony of its bases. The various planes have shown that it usually works like this; But, is the recipe applicable in the digital context without violating principles such as free access to information? The panorama may sound daunting when fake news attacks different virtual spaces, taking advantage of the ingenuity of the user who becomes a misinformative multiplier through their social networks. In this chaos of misinformation and loss of credibility in the messages, the power lies in the user.
KEY WORDS: internet, fake news, regulation, Username, social networks.
JEL CODE: H52, H75RESUMENEl creciente miedo en las redes de internet péndula entre lo real o falso, el creer o no, lo dimensionado o eximido. Estamos experimentando una paranoia virtual en donde asumimos los extremos por no comprender lo que recibimos. Este es el caos ocasionado por las conocidas fake news (noticias falsas). Hace unos meses atrás se podía percibir su venida como una ola en tempestad, pero no se alcanzaba a comprender esta realidad como un fenómeno de masas. Se podría pensar que todo lo que atenta el equilibrio social requiere del derecho para restablecer la armonía de sus bases. Los diversos planos han demostrado que suele funcionar así; pero í‚¿la receta es aplicable en el contexto digital sin vulnerar principios como el del libre acceso a la información? El panorama puede sonar desalentador cuando las fake news atacan a los diferentes espacios virtuales, aprovechando la ingenuidad del usuario quien se convierte en multiplicador desinformante a través de sus redes sociales. En este caos de desinformación y pérdida de credibilidad en los mensajes, el poder radica en el usuario.
ABSTRACTThe growing fear in the internet networks swings between the real or false, believing or not, the dimensioned or exempted. We are experiencing a virtual paranoia where we assume the extremes for not understanding what we receive. This is the chaos caused by the famous fake news. A few months ago, you could perceive its coming as a storm but you could not understand this reality as a mass phenomenon. It is said that everything that threatens social equilibrium requires the right to restore the harmony of its bases. The various planes have shown that it usually works like this; But, is the recipe applicable in the digital context without violating principles such as free access to information? The panorama may sound daunting when fake news attacks different virtual spaces, taking advantage of the ingenuity of the user who becomes a misinformative multiplier through their social networks. In this chaos of misinformation and loss of credibility in the messages, the power lies in the user.
KEY WORDS: internet, fake news, regulation, Username, social networks.
JEL CODE/ CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: H52, H7