Revista Facultad de Jurisprudencia
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Direitos dos eleitores e dirigentes em processos de cessação presidencial
No full textThe document reviews the legal system in force between 1979 and 2008 and currently governs in the Republic of Ecuador in relation to the impeachment and political prosecution of presidents. In addition, the several occasions in which constitutionally elected presidents were dismissed from office and did not finish the mandate are described and a case of political prosecution is mentioned to one of the main leaders of popular election (vice president). They propose, based on the jurisprudence of the Inter-American and European Court of Human Rights, to Ecuadorian doctrine and legislation and jurisprudence, possible answers to the questions raised by the Commission in its request for an advisory opinion.
KEY WORDS: democracy, human rights, political trials, voting rights, Ecuadorian constitutional law.
JEL CODE: D72, D71RESUMENEl documento revisa el ordenamiento jurídico vigente entre 1979 y 2008 y que regige en la actualidad en la República del Ecuador en relación con la destitución y enjuiciamiento político de presidentes. Además, se describen las varias ocasiones en que presidentes constitucionalmente elegidos fueron cesados de su cargo y no terminaron el mandato y se menciona un caso de enjuiciamiento político a uno de los principales mandatarios de elección popular (vicepresidente). Se proponen, con base a la jurisprudencia de las Corte Interamericana y Europea de Derechos Humanos, a doctrina y a la normativa y jurisprudencia ecuatorianas, posibles respuestas a las preguntas planteadas por la Comisión en su solicitud de opinión consultiva.
ABSTRACTThe document reviews the legal system in force between 1979 and 2008 and currently governs in the Republic of Ecuador in relation to the impeachment and political prosecution of presidents. In addition, the several occasions in which constitutionally elected presidents were dismissed from office and did not finish the mandate are described and a case of political prosecution is mentioned to one of the main leaders of popular election (vice president). They propose, based on the jurisprudence of the Inter-American and European Court of Human Rights, to Ecuadorian doctrine and legislation and jurisprudence, possible answers to the questions raised by the Commission in its request for an advisory opinion.
KEY WORDS: democracy, human rights, political trials, voting rights, Ecuadorian constitutional law.
JEL CODE/CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: D72, D7
A tensão entre a regra de reconhecimento Hartiana e os princípios ético-morais
No full textThis paper introduces, based on analytical-structuralist mechanisms, a concrete examination of the compatibility between the existence of a recognition rule, understood as a mechanism for identifying an operational right, with the presence of principles applicable to the interior of legal systems only for their ethical-moral content. Based on this study, analytical keys are proposed that constitute a new methodological path for the study of the problems of the philosophy of law. This methodology is based on the renewed understanding of the sociological, psychological, economic and political elements that underlie the primary postulates of philosophical ius theory, based on tools proposed by the structuralist school of philosophy.
KEY WORDS: Philosophy of law, mechanisms of identification of law, rule of hartian recognition, moral principles in legal systems, law and structuralism.
JEL CODE: A14, D01RESUMENEl presente ensayo formula, a partir de mecanismos de corte analítico-estructuralista, un examen concreto sobre la compatibilidad entre la existencia de una regla de reconocimiento, entendida como un mecanismo de identificación de un derecho operativo, con la presencia de principios aplicables al interior de los ordenamientos jurídicos únicamente por su contenido ético-moral. A partir de dicho estudio se proponen claves analíticas que constituyen una nueva vía metodológica para el estudio de los problemas de la filosofía del derecho. Dicha metodología se sustenta en la comprensión renovada de los elementos sociológicos, psicológicos, económicos y políticos que subyacen a los postulados primarios de la teoría ius filosófica, a partir de herramientas propuestas por la escuela estructuralista de la filosofía.
ABSTRACTThis paper introduces, based on analytical-structuralist mechanisms, a concrete examination of the compatibility between the existence of a recognition rule, understood as a mechanism for identifying an operational right, with the presence of principles applicable to the interior of legal systems only for their ethical-moral content. Based on this study, analytical keys are proposed that constitute a new methodological path for the study of the problems of the philosophy of law. This methodology is based on the renewed understanding of the sociological, psychological, economic and political elements that underlie the primary postulates of philosophical ius theory, based on tools proposed by the structuralist school of philosophy.
KEY WORDS: Philosophy of law, mechanisms of identification of law, rule of hartian recognition, moral principles in legal systems, law and structuralism.
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: A14, D0
A evolução do Direito, como forma de regular a vida cotidiana, uma contribuição desde a perspectiva equatoriana
No full textThis document refers to Law’s evolution as a tool for regulating social life during the different historical ages—in the Mesopotamian, Greek, Early Medieval and Inca times, and Roman civilizations, and their successors in Law: of the medieval, modern and contemporary receptions. Recognizing the reasons that trigger thechange of perspective is this analysis’s main objective and, from said analysis, detailing its historical transformation process, considering that the various ways of doing and understanding the law have affectedthe social, economic and institutional factors. This research’s main motivation is to reflect and identify relevant Historical concepts that are manifested in the way of producing and exercising Law, and that inprimitive moments are related to religious extension, and even to the legitimization of social classes. Finally, although Law is characterized by a somewhat changing nature, it can only be understood as a historical reality, a consequence of a past that, more than ever, links it in a similar way in the globalized world—to concepts that, from Rome, were developed in Western Europe.
KEY WORDS: history of Law, social rules, society, legal system, civilizations.
JEL CODE: B25, D52RESUMENEl presente documento se refiere a la evolución del Derecho como herramienta de regulación de la vida social durante las distintas épocas históricas, en las civilizaciones mesopotámica, griega, altomedieval, el incanato, y la de Roma, y sus sucesoras en el Derecho: la Recepción medieval y moderna, y la contemporánea. El objetivo principal es reconocer los motivos que desencadenan su cambio de perspectiva y, a partir de dicho análisis, detallar su proceso de transformación en la historia, teniendo en cuenta que, las diversas formas de hacer y entender al Derecho, han afectado los factores sociales, económicos e institucionales. La principal motivación para esta investigación, es reflexionar e identificar concepciones relevantes en la Historia que se manifiestan en el modo de producir y ejercitar el Derecho, y que en los momentos primitivos se relacionan con la extensión religiosa, hasta la legitimación de las clases sociales. Finalmente, aunque el Derecho se caracteriza por una naturaleza en cierto modo cambiante, solo cabe comprenderlo como realidad histórica, consecuencia de un pasado que, hoy más que nunca, lo vincula de modo muy similar en el mundo globalizado, a las concepciones que, desde Roma, se desarrollaron en el occidente europeo.
ABSTRACTThis document refers to Law’s evolution as a tool for regulating social life during the different historical ages—in the Mesopotamian, Greek, Early Medieval and Inca times, and Roman civilizations, and their successors in Law: of the medieval, modern and contemporary receptions. Recognizing the reasons that trigger thechange of perspective is this analysis’s main objective and, from said analysis, detailing its historical transformation process, considering that the various ways of doing and understanding the law have affectedthe social, economic and institutional factors. This research’s main motivation is to reflect and identify relevant Historical concepts that are manifested in the way of producing and exercising Law, and that inprimitive moments are related to religious extension, and even to the legitimization of social classes. Finally, although Law is characterized by a somewhat changing nature, it can only be understood as a historical reality, a consequence of a past that, more than ever, links it in a similar way in the globalized world—to concepts that, from Rome, were developed in Western Europe.
KEY WORDS: history of Law, social rules, society, legal system, civilizations.
JEL CODE /CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: B25, D5
A atividade anterior de lavagem de dinheiro ilícita no ordenamento jurídico equatoriano (ano de referência 2014)
No full textMoney laundering is an illegal activity that occurs when a person known as a washer takes movable or immovable property, money or securities of illicit origin and introduces them into the financial system, giving them a legal appearance. These assets usually come from a previous illicit activity, such as drug trafficking, arms sales, corruption; so that the perpetrator of the crime seeks the climate in the system of the distant economy, doing business as investments, business, purchase of real estate and other activities that reflect the lawfulness in the business.
KEY WORDS: money laundering, activity, illegal, prior, assets.
JEL CODE: K14, K42RESUMENEl lavado de activos es una actividad ilícita que ocurre cuando una persona denominada lavador, toma bienes muebles o inmuebles, dinero o títulos valor de procedencia ilícita y los introduce dentro del sistema financiero, otorgándoles una apariencia legal. Estos bienes por lo general provienen de una actividad ilícita previa, como el narcotráfico, la venta de armas, la corrupción; de manera que el autor del delito busca introducirlos en el sistema económico de manera limpia realizando transacciones como inversiones, negocios, compra de bienes raíces y demás actividades que reflejen licitud en el giro del negocio.
ABSTRACTMoney laundering is an illegal activity that occurs when a person known as a washer takes movable or immovable property, money or securities of illicit origin and introduces them into the financial system, giving them a legal appearance. These assets usually come from a previous illicit activity, such as drug trafficking, arms sales, corruption; so that the perpetrator of the crime seeks the climate in the system of the distant economy, doing business as investments, business, purchase of real estate and other activities that reflect the lawfulness in the business.
KEY WORDS: money laundering, activity, illegal, prior, assets.
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: K14, K4
Teoria das obrigações, contratos e análise do direito econômico: uma revisão argumentativa
No full textThe paper aims to analyze the contract from an economic analysis of law perspective, focusing on the main inconvenience for its adoption as a legal instrument in Continental Law: the rules that make its adoption feasible and its structural rigidity. Likewise, the reason why the State must protect in the Contract Law, the efficient breach of the contract, the risks and the confidence are studied. It begins with a general review of the theories that justify the contract and continues with the application of the economic analysis of the right to Chilean civil law referring to the theories of risk and unpredictability. Finally, an evaluation of article 1.545 of the C.C. Chilean, as a limit to the judicial review of the contract.
JEL CODE: J41, O11RESUMEN El trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar el contrato desde una perspectiva de análisis económico de derecho, enfocándose en el principal inconveniente para su adopción como instrumento legal en el Derecho Continental: las reglas que hacen factible su adopción y su rigidez estructural. Asimismo, se estudia la razón por la cual el Estado debe proteger en la Ley de Contratos, el incumplimiento eficiente del contrato, los riesgos y la confianza. Se inicia con una revisión general de las teorías que justifican el contrato y continúa con la aplicación del análisis económico del derecho al derecho civil chileno refiriéndose a las teorías del riesgo y la imprevisibilidad. Finalmente, una valoración del artículo 1.545 del C.C. Chileno, como límite a la revisión judicial del contrato.
RIASSUNTOL’articolo analizza il contratto dall’angolazione dell’analisi economico del diritto, focalizzandosi nel principale inconveniente relazionato con la sua adozione come strumento giuridico nel Diritto Continentale: le regole che rendono fattibile la sua adozione e rigidità strutturale. Nello stesso modo, si studia la ragione per cui lo Stato deve proteggere il Diritto dei Contratti, l’incompiuta efficienza del contratto, i rischi e la certezza. Si inizia con una revisione generale delle teorie che giustificano il contratto e si prosegue con l’applicazione dell’analisi economico del diritto al Diritto Civile patrimoniale cileno, alludendo alle teorie del rischio e dell’imprevedibilità. Finalmente, si proporrà una valutazione dell’articolo 1545 del Codice Civile cileno, come limite alla revisione giudiziaria del contratto.
PAROLE CHIAVI : teoria delle obbligazioni, contratti, scambio economico, istituzioni contrattuali, principi giuridici.
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: J41, O11
 
Inclusão excluída no cinema e na literatura: uma aproximação ao pensamento de Giorgio Agamben a partir da trilogia "Jogos Vorazes"
No full textThe work carries out a critical reflection regarding the approach of Giorgio Agamben’s thinking, both implicitly and explicitly, in film and literature, using a multi-award-winning work as a reference in scenarios related to childhood and adolescence. Starting from art as an expression of reality, we attempt to establish the parallelism of the model of society—presented as being a result of social and ethical conflicts—and of certain philosophical and historical expressions of the fictitious recreation of the totalitarian regime to which our acts are destined. The purpose of the reflective process is to bring attention to the sugar-coated reality that is offered as a commodity and that receives laurels from critics and the public, highlighting the superficiality and insubstantiality of a plot that disguises itself as critical with a cloak of violence and deceptive dialogues.
KEYWORDS: excluded inclusion, exclusion included, totalitarianism, naked life, biopolitics.
JEL CODE: Z11, L82RESUMENEl trabajo presenta una reflexión crítica del abordaje del pensamiento de Giorgio Agamben, tanto en forma implícita como ex-plícita, acerca del cine y la literatura. En ese sentido, se recurre de forma instrumental una obra multipremiada en los escenarios que se relacio-nan con la niñez y la adolescencia. Partiendo del arte como expresión de la realidad, se intenta establecer el paralelismo del modelo de sociedad que presentamos como resultado de los conflictos sociales y éticos y algunas expresiones filosóficas e históricas de la recreación ficticia del régimen totalitario al que nos destinan nuestros actos. El propósito del proceso reflexivo es llamar la atención sobre la realidad edulcorada que se oferta como mercancía y que recibe lauros de la crítica y el público, resaltando la superficialidad e insustancialidad de la trama que se nos disfraza de crítica con un manto de violencia y parlamentos engañosos.
ABSTRACTThe work carries out a critical reflection regarding the approach of Giorgio Agamben’s thinking, both implicitly and explicitly, in film and literature, using a multi-award-winning work as a reference in scenarios related to childhood and adolescence. Starting from art as an expression of reality, we attempt to establish the parallelism of the model of society—presented as being a result of social and ethical conflicts—and of certain philosophical and historical expressions of the fictitious recreation of the totalitarian regime to which our acts are destined. The purpose of the reflective process is to bring attention to the sugar-coated reality that is offered as a commodity and that receives laurels from critics and the public, highlighting the superficiality and insubstantiality of a plot that disguises itself as critical with a cloak of violence and deceptive dialogues.
KEYWORDS: excluded inclusion, exclusion included, totalitarianism, naked life, biopolitics.
JEL CODE /CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: Z11, L8
Acordo de Livre Comércio com a União Européia: Uma Análise do Regime Jurídico de Soberania Alimentar do Equador
No full textThe following article analyzes the content of the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between Ecuador and the European Union, contrasting it with the rules that are part of the Ecuadorian legal regime of food sovereignty, in order to determine the impacts of the FTA on the laws and food policies of the country. Moreover, this article assesses the constitutional obligations of the State respect the intern alimentary development in the context of the international food commerce.
KEY WORDS: Free Trade Agreement, food sovereignty, development, commerce
JEL CODE: L81, Q18RESUMENEl presente artículo evalúa jurídicamente el contenido del Tratado de Libre Comercio (TLC) entre Ecuador y la Unión Europea, contrastándolo con las normas que forman parte del régimen jurídico de soberanía alimentaria en Ecuador, para así determinar los impactos del TLC en las leyes y políticas alimentarias del país. Además, se evalúan las obligaciones constitucionales del Estado respecto al desarrollo agroalimentario interno en el contexto del comercio internacional de alimentos.
ABSTRACTThe following article analyzes the content of the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between Ecuador and the European Union, contrasting it with the rules that are part of the Ecuadorian legal regime of food sovereignty, in order to determine the impacts of the FTA on the laws and food policies of the country. Moreover, this article assesses the constitutional obligations of the State respect the intern alimentary development in the context of the international food commerce.
KEY WORDS: Free Trade Agreement, food sovereignty, development, commerce
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: L81, Q1
O papel da lei na configuração dos direitos fundamentais
No full textAnalyze the role of the legal norm in the configuration of fundamental rights, constitutes the main challenge of the article presented, aware that it is not an easy task, however, it constitutes in the contemporary, in which the fundamental rights are constant and usually threatened, a need that can be established with the essential postulates determined in the study. Thus, Law and fundamental rights come together in a document that offers doctrinal and legal clarity about the link that inevitably exists. A broad doctrinal review supports the positions that are assumed in the work, which is expected to humbly contribute to the current understanding and reflection, on the relevance that the legal norm has for, the guarantee or the contempt of what has been called, fundamental rights.
JEL CODE: J7, J83RESUMEN:Analizar el papel de la norma jurídica en la configuración de los derechos fundamentales, constituye el principal reto del artículo que se presenta, conscientes de que, no es tarea fácil, sin embargo, constituye en la contemporaneidad, en la que los derechos fundamentales son constante y habitualmente amenazados, una necesidad que se logra establecer con los postulados esenciales que se determinan en el estudio. Es así que, Ley y derechos fundamentales se reúnen en un documento que ofrece claridad doctrinal y legal sobre el vínculo que, ineludiblemente existe. Una amplia revisión doctrinaria sustenta las posiciones que son asumidas en el trabajo, el que, se espera aporte humildemente a la comprensión y reflexión actual, sobre la relevancia que la norma jurídica posee para, la garantía o el menosprecio de lo que ha sido en llamarse, derechos fundamentales.
ABSTRACT:Analyze the role of the legal norm in the configuration of fundamental rights, constitutes the main challenge of the article presented, aware that it is not an easy task, however, it constitutes in the contemporary, in which the fundamental rights are constant and usually threatened, a need that can be established with the essential postulates determined in the study. Thus, Law and fundamental rights come together in a document that offers doctrinal and legal clarity about the link that inevitably exists. A broad doctrinal review supports the positions that are assumed in the work, which is expected to humbly contribute to the current understanding and reflection, on the relevance that the legal norm has for, the guarantee or the contempt of what has been called, fundamental rights.
KEY WORDS: law, fundamental rights, constitutionalism, reservation of law, Constitution.
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: J7, J8
O estado de direito e a argumentação jurídica: notas para sua análise conceitual
No full textThis article provides a preliminary description and contrasts positions concerning the conceptual point of view of the Rule of Law and its types of limitation. As a legal category, the Rule of Law makes a significant contribution since, as a concept and mechanism, its application extends to the level of both Latin American and European countries. In the margin of legal arguments, in assessment will also be made that considering an argument is not the same as evaluating a decision or an action.
KEY WORDS:Rule of Law, legal argumentation, concept analysis legal theory, constituent power.
JEL CODE: K11RESUMEN:Este artículo describe preliminarmente y contrasta posturas concernientes al punto de vista conceptual del Estado de Derecho y sus formas de limitación. La categoría jurídica Estado de Derecho es un aporte relevante puesto que, como concepto y mecanismo, su aplicación se extiende a nivel de países latinoamericanos y europeos. Además, en el margen de las argumentaciones jurídicas se valorará que el estimar un argumento no es exactamente lo mismo que evaluar una decisión o una acción.
ABSTRACT:This article provides a preliminary description and contrasts positions concerning the conceptual point of view of the Rule of Law and its types of limitation. As a legal category, the Rule of Law makes a significant contribution since, as a concept and mechanism, its application extends to the level of both Latin American and European countries. In the margin of legal arguments, in assessment will also be made that considering an argument is not the same as evaluating a decision or an action.
KEY WORDS:Rule of Law, legal argumentation, concept analysis legal theory, constituent power.
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: K1
O impacto das novas mídias na campanha eleitoral: uma análise jurídica e comunicacional
No full textThis article reviews the role played by social networks and internet search engines in the electoral campaign. Current regulations and the regulations that should exist have are analyzed. The method used is largely descriptive-analytical, which allows certain proposals to be made, especially at the end. It describes Ecuador’s legal and communicational reality regarding this issue as contrasted with other countries such as the United States, France, India and Australia. The case of Google and of the social networks—facebook, twitter, youtube and whatsapp—and their influence on the creation of trends and “conviction bubbles” is examined in greater depth. The six conclusions indicate how the old legislation created to regulate the use of traditional social communication in the electoral campaign is not applicable—and is even excluded in Ecuador, according to a Constitutional Court ruling—for digital media or media platforms. Even so, the general principles of the right to information must always be used.
KEYWORDS: social networks, advertising law, information law, fake news, conviction bubbles.
JEL CODE: D72, D83RESUMENEl presente artículo analiza cuál qué papel juegan las redes sociales y los buscadores en Internet en la campaña electoral, para ver qué regulación tienen y cuál es la que debería tener. En buena parte el método usado es descriptivo-analítico, aunque —sobre todo al final— se hacen algunas propuestas. Se describe la realidad jurídica y comunicacional no solo del Ecuador, sino de otros países como Estados Unidos, Francia, India o Australia. Además se examina más en profundidad el caso del buscador de Google, de las redes de Facebook, Twitter, YouTube y WhatsApp, y su influencia en la creación de tendencias y de “burbujas de convicciones”. Si finaliza con seis conclusiones que indican cómo la antigua legislación hecha para regular el uso de los medios tradicionales de comunicación social en campaña electoral no siempre sirve —e incluso está excluida en Ecuador, según una sentencia de la Corte Constitucional— para regular los medios digitales. Aún así, cabrá siempre aplicar los principios generales del derecho de la información.
ABSTRACTThis article reviews the role played by social networks and internet search engines in the electoral campaign. Current regulations and the regulations that should exist have are analyzed. The method used is largely descriptive-analytical, which allows certain proposals to be made, especially at the end. It describes Ecuador’s legal and communicational reality regarding this issue as contrasted with other countries such as the United States, France, India and Australia. The case of Google and of the social networks—facebook, twitter, youtube and whatsapp—and their influence on the creation of trends and “conviction bubbles” is examined in greater depth. The six conclusions indicate how the old legislation created to regulate the use of traditional social communication in the electoral campaign is not applicable—and is even excluded in Ecuador, according to a Constitutional Court ruling—for digital media or media platforms. Even so, the general principles of the right to information must always be used.
KEYWORDS: social networks, advertising law, information law, fake news, conviction bubbles.
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: D72, D8