Revista Facultad de Jurisprudencia
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Processo Criminal Abreviado no COIP: Análise de acordo com o princípio processual da proibição de autoincriminação
No full textAs a consequence of the accumulation of criminal cases in the Ecuadorian criminal system, legislators have opted to implement an abbreviated procedure. It consists of an agreement between the prosecutor and the prosecuted person. Thus, the alleged offender is held responsible for committing the criminal offense, provided that the Integral Organic Criminal Code established the procedural requirements. However, this procedure may violate the rights and guarantees of the accused, precisely the principle of non-self-incrimination. Therefore, this article aims to analyze whether there is a correct application of the procedural principle of prohibition of self-incrimination within the abbreviated procedure in Ecuadorian criminal legislation.
KEYWORDS: Legal procedure, legal principles, criminal law, administration of justice, due process.
JEL CODE: K00,K14ABSTRACTAs a consequence of the accumulation of criminal cases in the Ecuadorian criminal system, legislators have opted to implement an abbreviated procedure. It consists of an agreement between the prosecutor and the prosecuted person. Thus, the alleged offender is held responsible for committing the criminal offense, provided that the Integral Organic Criminal Code established the procedural requirements. However, this procedure may violate the rights and guarantees of the accused, precisely the principle of non-self-incrimination. Therefore, this article aims to analyze whether there is a correct application of the procedural principle of prohibition of self-incrimination within the abbreviated procedure in Ecuadorian criminal legislation.
KEYWORDS: Legal procedure, legal principles, criminal law, administration of justice, due process.
RESUMENDebido a la acumulación de causas penales en el sistema penal ecuatoriano, los legisladores han optado por implementar un procedimiento abreviado el cual consiste en un acuerdo entre el fiscal y la persona procesada, para que el presunto infractor se declare responsable del cometimiento de la infracción penal, siempre y cuando se cumpla con los requisitos de procedibilidad establecidos en el Código Orgánico Integral Penal. Sin embargo, este procedimiento puede vulnerar derechos y garantías del procesado, específicamente el principio de no autoincriminación. Por ello, el presente artículo reflexiona entorno a la correcta aplicación del principio procesal de prohibición de autoincriminación dentro del procedimiento abreviado en la legislación penal ecuatoriana.
CODIGO JEL: K00,K14En raison de l'accumulation des affaires pénales dans le système pénal équatorien, les législateurs ont opté pour la mise en œuvre d'une procédure abrégée. Il s'agit d'un accord entre le procureur et la personne poursuivie. Ainsi, l'auteur présumé de l'infraction est tenu pour responsable de la commission de l'infraction pénale, à condition que le Code pénal organique intégral en fixe les exigences procédurales. Cependant, cette procédure peut violer les droits et les garanties de l'accusé, précisément le principe de non-auto-incrimination. Par conséquent, cet article vise à analyser s'il existe une application correcte du principe procédural d'interdiction de l'auto-incrimination dans le cadre de la procédure abrégée de la législation pénale équatorienne.
MOTS-CLÉS: Procédure judiciaire, principes juridiques, droit pénal, administration de la justice, procédure régulière.
CODE JEL: K00,K14In conseguenza dell'accumulo di procedimenti penali nel sistema penale ecuadoriano, i legislatori hanno optato per l'attuazione di una procedura abbreviata. Consiste in un accordo tra il pubblico ministero e l'imputato. Pertanto, il presunto reo è ritenuto responsabile della commissione del reato, a condizione che il codice penale organico integrale ne stabilisca i requisiti procedurali. Tuttavia, tale procedura può violare i diritti e le garanzie dell'imputato, proprio il principio di non autoincriminazione. Pertanto, questo articolo si propone di analizzare se vi sia una corretta applicazione del principio procedurale del divieto di autoincriminazione all'interno della procedura abbreviata nella legislazione penale ecuadoriana.
PAROLE CHIAVE: Procedura legale, principi giuridici, diritto penale, amministrazione della giustizia, giusto processo.
CODICE GEL: K00,K14Como consequência do acúmulo de processos penais no sistema penal equatoriano, os legisladores optaram por implementar um procedimento abreviado. Consiste num acordo entre o procurador e o acusado. Assim, o suposto infrator é responsabilizado pela prática do crime, desde que o Código Penal Orgânico Integral estabeleça os requisitos processuais. No entanto, esse procedimento pode violar os direitos e garantias do acusado, justamente o princípio da não autoincriminação. Portanto, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar se há uma correta aplicação do princípio processual da proibição da autoincriminação dentro do procedimento abreviado na legislação penal equatoriana.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Processo legal, princípios jurídicos, direito penal, administração da justiça, devido processo.
CÓDIGO JEL: K00,K1
Água como um catalisador para a paz e segurança mundial
No full textConflicts over control and access of scarce resources like water will be more frequent in the coming years, in the case of shared water resource, these conflicts will be international, endangering global peace and security. Cooperation is critical, riparian states can anticipate and carry forward and integratedwater resource management. International watercourses are a significant factor in people’s lives. Even though 70% of the Earth is covered with water, only 3% is fresh water, of which only 1% is available for use (the rest is frozen in glaciers or is inaccessible). According to the World Health Organization, by 2025, half of the world’s population will live in areas with water shortages. Most of the available water is underground,concentrated in aquifers, to a lesser extent is in surface waters (rivers and lakes). RESUMEN:Los conflictos por el control y acceso al agua serán mas frecuentes en los próximos años, en el caso de los recursos hídricos compartidos, estos conflictos revestirán el carácter de internacional, poniendo en peligro la paz y seguridad mundial. La cooperación es clave, los Estados ribereños tienen la posibilidad de gestionar en forma conjunta estos recursos y anticiparse. Los cursos de agua internacionales son un factor importante en la vida de las personas. A pesar de que el 70 % de la Tierra está cubierta de agua, solo el 3 % es agua dulce, de los cuales sólo el 1 % está disponible para nuestro uso (el resto se encuentra congelado en glaciares o es inaccesible). Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud, de aquí a 2025 la mitad de la población mundial vivirá en zonas con escasez de agua. La mayoría del agua disponible se encuentra bajo tierra, concentrada en acuíferos, en menor medida se encuentra en las aguas superficiales (ríos y lagos).
ABSTRACT:Conflicts over control and access of scarce resources like water will be more frequent in the coming years, in the case of shared water resource, these conflicts will be international, endangering global peace and security. Cooperation is critical, riparian states can anticipate and carry forward and integrated water resource management. International watercourses are a significant factor in people’s lives. Even though 70% of the Earth is covered with water, only 3% is fresh water, of which only 1% is available for use (the rest is frozen in glaciers or is inaccessible). According to the World Health Organization, by 2025, half of the world’s population will live in areas with water shortages. Most of the available water is underground, concentrated in aquifers, to a lesser extent is in surface waters (rivers and lakes).
KEYWORDS: water resources, water law, natural resources, human rights, international law, South America.
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: L95, Q25
 
Propriedade intelectual no século 21 no Equador
No full textIntellectual Property is continuously present in different manifestations of daily life. However, not all people fully understand what this means, especially for authors of artistic or scientific creations, or for inventors. Given this scenario, it is essential to claim the role of the creator and its economic impact on society; in order to increase the incentives to materialize creative ideas of the human intellect that, inevitably, contribute to the production of science and culture.
KEYWORDS: royalties, patents, Intellectual property, economic and social development, creativity.
JEL CODE: O34RESUMENLa Propiedad Intelectual está constantemente presente en diferentes manifestaciones de la vida cotidiana. Sin embargo, no todas las personas comprenden íntegramente lo que esto significa, sobretodo, para los autores de creaciones de índole artística o científica, o para los inventores. Dado este escenario, es importante reivindicar el rol del creador y su incidencia económica en la sociedad; con el fin de otorgar un mayor de incentivos a la materialización de ideas creativas del intelecto humano que, inevitablemente, a la producción de ciencia y cultura.
ABSTRACTIntellectual Property is continuously present in different manifestations of daily life. However, not all people fully understand what this means, especially for authors of artistic or scientific creations, or for inventors. Given this scenario, it is essential to claim the role of the creator and its economic impact on society; in order to increase the incentives to materialize creative ideas of the human intellect that, inevitably, contribute to the production of science and culture.
KEYWORDS: royalties, patents, Intellectual property, economic and social development, creativity.
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: O3
Direitos de propriedade intelectual na indústria musical equatoriana: mídia digital
No full textABSTRACT:
Inside the panorama of the music industry have been generated by several legal relationships. Generally, the artist is only concerned with expressing his ideas through songs, based on deep feelings or experiences that have marked him, but he does not realize that he is in a very complicated legal relationship when privatizing his creations. Many artists throughout their careers legal issues related to the use of copyrights in their discography; a very recent case is that of the famous artist Taylor Swift where the problem lies in the snatching of their copyright author. This miscellaneous article focuses on identifying the regulations with which the Ecuadorian government protects intellectual property rights in the Ecuadorian music industry in the current digital era. As a final result, we state that Ecuadorian legislation has an optimal regulation that encourages the operation of the intellectual property regime in Ecuador. However, artists do not choose to enter this industry due to the low performance it has in our country.
KEYWORDS: Digitization, recording industry, music, copyright, intellectual property
JEL CODE: O34ABSTRACT:
Inside the panorama of the music industry have been generated by several legal relationships. Generally, the artist is only concerned with expressing his ideas through songs, based on deep feelings or experiences that have marked him, but he does not realize that he is in a very complicated legal relationship when privatizing his creations. Many artists throughout their careers legal issues related to the use of copyrights in their discography; a very recent case is that of the famous artist Taylor Swift where the problem lies in the snatching of their copyright author. This miscellaneous article focuses on identifying the regulations with which the Ecuadorian government protects intellectual property rights in the Ecuadorian music industry in the current digital era. As a final result, we state that Ecuadorian legislation has an optimal regulation that encourages the operation of the intellectual property regime in Ecuador. However, artists do not choose to enter this industry due to the low performance it has in our country.
KEYWORDS: Digitization, recording industry, music, copyright, intellectual property
RESUMEN:
Dentro del panorama de la industria musical, se ha generado un sin número de relaciones jurídicas. Generalmente, el artista solo se preocupa por expresar sus ideas a través de canciones, basándose en sentimientos profundos o experiencias que lo han marcado, pero no se percata de que se encuentra en una relación legal muy compleja al momento de privatizar sus creaciones. Muchos artistas a lo largo de su carrera se han visto envueltos en diversos problemas sobre el uso de derechos de autor en su discografía, un caso muy reciente es el de la famosa artista Taylor Swift en donde el problema radica en el arrebato de sus derechos de autor. Este artículo se enfoca en identificar las regulaciones con las que el estado ecuatoriano protege los derechos de propiedad intelectual en la industria musical ecuatoriana, que se desarrollan en el entorno digital. Como producto de esta investigación se puede deducir que la legislación ecuatoriana cuenta con una regulación optima que incentiva el funcionamiento del régimen de propiedad intelectual en el Ecuador, sin embargo, los artistas no optan por introducirse a esta industria por el bajo rendimiento que esta tiene en nuestro país.
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: O34
 
Iniciativa Yasuní-ITT: uma lição sombria sobre ética e desenvolvimento
No full textThe Yasuní - ITT Initiative represented an innovative and cutting-edge proposal of the Ecuadorian State. It aimed to position a priority change in the prevailing development model, based on the preservation of fundamental environmental goods and services for life Earth, and to the co-responsibility of the State in this objective globally. This initiative sought the support of the international community on the decision of the State to not exploit the “Ishpingo - Tiputini - Tambococha” (ITT) oil field, located in the northeast of the Yasuní National Park in the Ecuadorian Amazon, where there are proven reserves of crude oil of at least 920 million barrels. These measures represented for the Ecuadorian economy, to renounce to a potential income of 7,000 million dollars while avoiding the emission into the atmosphere of approximately 407 million tons of CO2. It was the focal point of the President of Ecuador’s speech when he formally presented the initiative to the United Nations General Assembly on September 24, 2007. An outstanding element that, likewise, was intended to be guaranteed with the development of this initiative, was the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples in voluntary isolation, who live mainly within the Yasuní National Park known as the Tagaeri and Taromenane. The non-exploitation of the ITT Block would have strengthened the protection measures implemented by the Government of Ecuador, through the creation of an Intangible Zone that prohibits extractive activities within the perimeter considered an ancestral territory occupied by these peoples. Until August 15, 2013, when President Rafael Correa himself issued the Executive Decree No. 074 that ordained the termination of the escrow created to finance the Yasuní-ITT Initiative, the aim of the initiative had meant an emblem of the country’s foreign policy. The support that it had achieved by an increasing number of sectors and social movements at the national level, as well as various states, international organizations, and personalities worldwide, finally did not materialize with the expected economic contribution. According to the records of the initiative, towards the end of its validity, about thirteen and a half million dollars were collected, when the minimum amount of contribution required to leave the oil underground and operate the fund with which they would develop projects of conservation and sustainability, was of 100 million dollars until 2011, and of 3.6 billion dollars in 13 years. Beyond the readings and understandings generated as a result of its termination and the subsequent decision of the Ecuadorian Government to move forward with the plan to exploit Oil Blocks 31 and 43 within the Yasuní National Park, the impulse of the Yasuní-ITT Initiative transcended on the agendas of public policies at national and international levels. Thus, while internally, it led to an unprecedented debate in the population about the advantages and disadvantages of the relationship between extractive activities vs. nature conservation. At an external level, it influenced the exploration of new ways for governments to contribute to agreements on climate change. Its unfulfillment allowed once again the extraction of oil, which, as in the color of the latter, meant deep learning of an ethical dilemma that tears down the conscience of our civilization.
KEY WORDS: Intangible zone, conservation, national interest, indigenous people, renewable resources.
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: Q56, H23
RESUMENLa Iniciativa Yasuní – ITT representó una propuesta innovadora y de vanguardia del Estado ecuatoriano, orientada a posicionar a nivel mundial un cambio de prioridades en el modelo de desarrollo imperante con base a la preservación de bienes y servicios ambientales fundamentales para la vida en el planeta y a la corresponsabilidad de los Estados en este objetivo. Buscó para ello el apoyo de la comunidad internacional a la decisión estatal de no explotar el campo petrolero “Ishpingo – Tiputini – Tambococha” (ITT), ubicado al noreste del Parque Nacional Yasuní, en la Amazonía ecuatoriana, donde existían reservas probadas de crudo de petróleo de al menos 920 millones de barriles. Esta medida representaba para la economía ecuatoriana, prescindir de un ingreso potencial de 7000 mil millones de dólares, al tiempo de evitar la emisión a la atmósfera de aproximadamente 407 millones de toneladas de CO2. Este fue el planteamiento central del discurso del Presidente del Ecuador al presentar formalmente la iniciativa ante la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas, el 24 de septiembre de 2007. Un elemento destacado que, igualmente, se buscaba proteger con el desarrollo de esta iniciativa, era la tutela del derecho de los pueblos indígenas en aislamiento voluntario que habitan principalmente dentro del Parque Nacional Yasuní, conocidos como los Tagaeri y Taromenane. La no explotación del Bloque ITT fortalecería la medida de protección implementada por el Gobierno de Ecuador a través de la creación de una Zona Intangible que prohibía las actividades extractivas dentro del perímetro que se consideraba como el que ancestralmente ocupan dichos pueblos. Hasta el 15 de agosto de 2013, cuando el propio Presidente Rafael Correa expidió el Decreto Ejecutivo No.074 que dispuso la terminación del fideicomiso creado para financiar la Iniciativa Yasuní-ITT, el impulso de la misma constituyó un emblema de la política exterior del país. El respaldo que sumó en sus inicios por parte de un creciente número de sectores y movimientos sociales a nivel nacional, así como de varios Estados, organismos internacionales y personalidades a nivel mundial, finalmente no se concretó con el aporte económico esperado. De acuerdo a los registros de la Iniciativa, hacia el final de su vigencia se habían recaudado cerca de 13 millones y medio de dólares, cuando el monto mínimo requerido de aporte para dejar el petróleo bajo tierra y que opere el fondo con el que se desarrollarían proyectos de conservación y desarrollo sostenible, era de 100 millones de dólares hasta el 2011 y de 3600 millones en trece años.Más allá de las lecturas y comprensiones que generó su terminación y la posterior decisión del Gobierno ecuatoriano de avanzar con el proyecto de explotación de los Bloques Petroleros 31 y 43 dentro del Parque Nacional Yasuní, el impulso de la Iniciativa Yasuní-ITT logró trascender en las agendas de las políticas públicas del nivel nacional e internacional. Así, mientras a lo interno propició un debate inédito en la población sobre las ventajas y desventajas de la relación existente entre actividades extractivas vs. conservación de la naturaleza, a nivel externo incidió en la exploración de nuevas formas de contribución de los Estados a los compromisos sobre el cambio climático. Su no concreción para dar paso nuevamente a la extracción de petróleo es, como éste, un oscuro aprendizaje de un dilema ético que desgarra la conciencia de nuestra civilización.
ABSTRACTThe Yasuní - ITT Initiative represented an innovative and cutting-edge proposal of the Ecuadorian State. It aimed to position a priority change in the prevailing development model, based on the preservation of fundamental environmental goods and services for life Earth, and to the co-responsibility of the State in this objective globally. This initiative sought the support of the international community on the decision of the State to not exploit the “Ishpingo - Tiputini - Tambococha” (ITT) oil field, located in the northeast of the Yasuní National Park in the Ecuadorian Amazon, where there are proven reserves of crude oil of at least 920 million barrels. These measures represented for the Ecuadorian economy, to renounce to a potential income of 7,000 million dollars while avoiding the emission into the atmosphere of approximately 407 million tons of CO2. It was the focal point of the President of Ecuador’s speech when he formally presented the initiative to the United Nations General Assembly on September 24, 2007. An outstanding element that, likewise, was intended to be guaranteed with the development of this initiative, was the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples in voluntary isolation, who live mainly within the Yasuní National Park known as the Tagaeri and Taromenane. The non-exploitation of the ITT Block would have strengthened the protection measures implemented by the Government of Ecuador, through the creation of an Intangible Zone that prohibits extractive act.
KEY WORDS: Intangible zone, conservation, national interest, indigenous people, renewable resources.
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: Q56, H23
 
Análise de viabilidade de aplicação da Solidariedade Contratual no Equador
No full textABSTRACTNowadays, the breach of contractual obligations has caused great debate in the law academy, this due to the need for contractual relationships that are less susceptible to extinction and figures that avoid this extinction. For this reason, a part of doctrine has preferred to opt for less orthodox remedies that allow the resolution of controversies without initiating judicial processes. Due to the above, this article will analyze the feasibility of applying a figure such as contractual solidarity in Ecuador. In addition to delimiting that the characteristics of the Ecuadorian legal system allow the application of of this remedies but the principle of good faith to be at the center of solving problems in the event of breach of contract and that the creation of norms such as remedies for breaches are affected by regulatory obstacles in the law. For this purpose, the contract will first be analyzed as a figure and the breach within the field of Civil law and in the Ecuadorian context. Afterwards, contractual solidarity will be explored briefly, and the last section will study the possibility of applying this figure in the Ecuadorian legal system and the consequences that this would entail.
KEY WORDS: contract law, legal liability, legal theory, legal systems, doctrine.
JEL CODE: J41, K12
SOMMARIO:
Al giorno d’oggi, l’inadempimento degli obblighi contrattuali ha causato un grande dibattito in dottrina, a causa della necessità di relazioni contrattuali meno suscettibili di estinzione e di figure che evitino tale estinzione. Per questo motivo, una parte della dottrina ha preferito optare per rimedi meno ortodossi che consentano di risolvere le controversie senza avviare processi giudiziari. L’ articolo analizzerà la fattibilità dell’applicazione di una figura come la solidarietà contrattuale in Ecuador. Inoltre, le caratteristiche del sistema giuridico ecuadoriano consentirebbero l’applicazione di questi rimedi pur con difficoltà attraverso la buona fede. A tal fine, verrà prima analizzato il contratto e il suo inadempimento nell’ambito del diritto civile e nel contesto ecuadoriano. Successivamente, verrà esplorata brevemente la solidarietà contrattuale e l’ultima sezione studierà la possibilità di applicare questa figura nel sistema giuridico ecuadoriano e le
conseguenze che ciò comporterebbe.
PAROLE CHIAVE: diritto dei contratti, responsabilità legale, teoria legale, sistemi legali, dottrina.
RESUMEN:
En la actualidad, el incumplimiento de las obligaciones contractuales ha provocado un gran debate en la academia de derecho, esto debido a la necesidad de relaciones contractuales menos susceptibles de extinción y figuras que eviten esta extinción. Por ello, una parte de la doctrina ha preferido optar por recursos menos ortodoxos que permitan la resolución de controversias sin iniciar procesos judiciales. Por lo anterior, este artículo analizará la factibilidad de aplicar una figura como la solidaridad contractual en Ecuador. Además, las características del ordenamiento jurídico ecuatoriano permitirían la aplicación de estos recursos a pesar de las dificultades de buena fe. Para ello, se analizará primero el contrato como figura y el incumplimiento en el ámbito del Derecho Civil y en el contexto ecuatoriano. Posteriormente se explorará brevemente la solidaridad contractual, y en el último apartado se estudiará la posibilidad de aplicar esta figura en el ordenamiento jurídico ecuatoriano y las consecuencias que ello conllevaría.
PALABRAS CLAVE: derecho contractual, responsabilidad legal, teoría jurídica, ordenamientos jurídicos, doctrina.
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: J41, K12
SOMMARIO:
Al giorno d’oggi, l’inadempimento degli obblighi contrattuali ha causato un grande dibattito in dottrina, a causa della necessità di relazioni contrattuali meno suscettibili di estinzione e di figure che evitino tale estinzione. Per questo motivo, una parte della dottrina ha preferito optare per rimedi meno ortodossi che consentano di risolvere le controversie senza avviare processi giudiziari. L’ articolo analizzerà la fattibilità dell’applicazione di una figura come la solidarietà contrattuale in Ecuador. Inoltre, le caratteristiche del sistema giuridico ecuadoriano consentirebbero l’applicazione di questi rimedi pur con difficoltà attraverso la buona fede. A tal fine, verrà prima analizzato il contratto e il suo inadempimento nell’ambito del diritto civile e nel contesto ecuadoriano. Successivamente, verrà esplorata brevemente la solidarietà contrattuale e l’ultima sezione studierà la possibilità di applicare questa figura nel sistema giuridico ecuadoriano e le
conseguenze che ciò comporterebbe.
PAROLE CHIAVE: diritto dei contratti, responsabilità legale, teoria legale, sistemi legali, dottrina.
RESUMEN:
En la actualidad, el incumplimiento de las obligaciones contractuales ha provocado un gran debate en la academia de derecho, esto debido a la necesidad de relaciones contractuales menos susceptibles de extinción y figuras que eviten esta extinción. Por ello, una parte de la doctrina ha preferido optar por recursos menos ortodoxos que permitan la resolución de controversias sin iniciar procesos judiciales. Por lo anterior, este artículo analizará la factibilidad de aplicar una figura como la solidaridad contractual en Ecuador. Además, las características del ordenamiento jurídico ecuatoriano permitirían la aplicación de estos recursos a pesar de las dificultades de buena fe. Para ello, se analizará primero el contrato como figura y el incumplimiento en el ámbito del Derecho Civil y en el contexto ecuatoriano. Posteriormente se explorará brevemente la solidaridad contractual, y en el último apartado se estudiará la posibilidad de aplicar esta figura en el ordenamiento jurídico ecuatoriano y las consecuencias que ello conllevaría.
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: J41, K12
 
Análise econômica da propriedade intelectual: reflexões sobre o caso equatoriano
No full textABSTRACT:
The Economic Analysis of Intellectual Property Law allows us to understand better the importance of generating a legal system that protects intellectual property rights and generates more efficient social incentives and promote creation. Social incentives will allow creators to recover the costs incurred and obtain the expected benefits.
KEYWORDS: copyright, legal standard, monopoly, creation, economic law.
JEL CODE: K11, O34ABSTRACT:
The Economic Analysis of Intellectual Property Law allows us to understand better the importance of generating a legal system that protects intellectual property rights and generates more efficient social incentives and promote creation. Social incentives will allow creators to recover the costs incurred and obtain the expected benefits.
KEYWORDS: copyright, legal standard, monopoly, creation, economic law.
RESUMEN:
El Análisis Económico del Derecho de la Propiedad Intelectual permite comprender de mejor manera, la preferencia a la generación de un ordenamiento jurídico que proteja los derechos de propiedad intelectual, coma una forma de generar incentivos sociales más eficientes para promover su creación por cuanto permitirá al creador recuperar los costos incurridos y obtener los beneficios esperados.
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: K11, O34
 
Diálogo sobre Liberdades e Estado Subsidiário
No full textThe paper, using a fictitious dialogue between a father and his son, in which the former answers the questions of the latter, explains the different ideological positions that exist based on the intensity in the acceptance or rejection of individual freedoms, such being economical, political or civil freedoms, using for this purpose a Cartesian plane in which each quadrant reflects a different ideological position. While the son has the most explicit concepts, thanks to his father’s explanations and following the same method of questions and answers, the paper explains the difference between a welfare state and a subsidiary state, both modalities of what is known as the social market economy.
KEYWORDS: Liberalism, mercantilism, the social market economy, welfare state, subsidiary state
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: H74, H71RESUMENEl artículo, utilizando un diálogo ficticio entre un padre y su hijo, en el que el primero responde las inquietudes del segundo, explica las diferentes posiciones ideológicas que existen teniendo en consideración la intensidad en la aceptación o rechazo de las libertades individuales, sean estas económicas, políticas ociviles, utilizando para dicho propósito un plano cartesiano en el que cada cuadrante refleja una posición ideológica diferente. Luego de ello, y en tanto el vástago tiene los conceptos más claros gracias a las explicaciones de su progenitor, y siguiendo el mismo método de preguntas y respuestas, el artículo explica la diferencia que existe entre estado del bienestar y estado subsidiario, modalidades ambas de lo que se conoce como economía social de mercado.
ABSTRACTThe paper, using a fictitious dialogue between a father and his son, in which the former answers the questions of the latter, explains the different ideological positions that exist based on the intensity in the acceptance or rejection of individual freedoms, such being economical, political or civil freedoms, using for this purpose a Cartesian plane in which each quadrant reflects a different ideological position. While the son has the most explicit concepts, thanks to his father’s explanations and following the same method of questions and answers, the paper explains the difference between a welfare state and a subsidiary state, both modalities of what is known as the social market economy.
KEYWORDS: Liberalism, mercantilism, the social market economy, welfare state, subsidiary state
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: H74, H71
 
O Controle Interno da Administração Pública e a Configuração do Estado Contemporâneo
No full textNowadays, corruption scandals are rampantly and with increasing intensity exposing the misuse of public resources and the actions of dishonest public administrators. The use of scarce public resources has not allowed the hoped-for objectives to be reached. Even with no illegal act has been committed (here using the traditio-nal concept of illegality in Public Administration), it is not possible to ensure that public resources bring about the benefits expected by the population. With increasing frequency, the issue of control over public resources emerge. Consequently, local legislations and Admi-nistrative Law students look to create solutions to ensure Public Ad-ministration’s smoothness and the proper use of public resources, in order to create an environment that allows the collective purposes which justifies State collection of resources. However, the solutions in terms of control that come and are presented, cannot consider a sce-nario not present in Administrative Law, based on long-extinct struc-tures. If control is a tool destined to solve a problem, it seems funda-mental that this tool be in accordance with its field of application. It would be pointless to create a repair instrument that is useless for the damaged property’s characteristics. In this context, a discussion is formulated regarding the internal control of Public Administration. It follows that, in the control system of Administration itself and not by organs outside its organic structure, internal control is going through modifications and doctrinal discussions that aim to update it—althou-gh many times in disregard of the current Administration’s concept, structures and modus operandi.
KEY WORDS: administration, internal control, public administration, effectiveness, purpose
JEL CODE: H52, H72RESUMENEn la actualidad, cada vez con mayor intensidad, pululan escándalos de corrupción que exponen el mal uso de recursos públicos y la acción de administradores públicos deshonestos. De la misma manera, el empleo de los escasos recursos públicos no ha permitido alcanzar los objetivos esperados. Es decir, incluso sin la comisión de cualquier acto ilícito (utilizando aquí el concepto tradicional de ilegalidad en la Administración Pública), no se logra asegurar que los recursos públicos traigan los beneficios esperados por la población. Cada vez con mayor frecuencia emerge el tema del control de los recursos públicos. Como consecuencia, las legislaciones locales y los estudiosos del Derecho Administrativo buscan crear soluciones para garantizar la lisura de la Administración Pública y el buen uso de los recursos públicos, con el fin de crear un entorno que permita realizar las finalidades colectivas justificantes de la recaudación de recursos por el Estado. Sin embargo, las soluciones en materia de control que vienen y que se presentan, no pueden considerar un escenario inexistente en el Derecho Administrativo, basado en estructuras hace tiempo extinguidas. Si se considera que el control es una herramienta destinada a resolver un problema, nos parece fundamental que esta herramienta esté de acuerdo con su campo de aplicación. De nada adelantaría formular un instrumento de reparación que resulte inútil para las características del bien dañado. En ese contexto, se plantean discusiones acerca del control interno de la Administración Pública. En el sentido de que, el sistema de control realizado por la propia Administración y no por órganos fuera de su estructura orgánica, el control interno viene pasando por modificaciones y discusiones doctrinales que tienen como objetivo actualizarlo, aunque muchas veces en desconsideración del concepto, de las estructuras y del modus operandi de la Administración actual.
ABSTRACTNowadays, corruption scandals are rampantly and with increasing intensity exposing the misuse of public resources and the actions of dishonest public administrators. The use of scarce public resources has not allowed the hoped-for objectives to be reached. Even with no illegal act has been committed (here using the traditio-nal concept of illegality in Public Administration), it is not possible to ensure that public resources bring about the benefits expected by the population. With increasing frequency, the issue of control over public resources emerge. Consequently, local legislations and Admi-nistrative Law students look to create solutions to ensure Public Ad-ministration’s smoothness and the proper use of public resources, in order to create an environment that allows the collective purposes which justifies State collection of resources. However, the solutions in terms of control that come and are presented, cannot consider a sce-nario not present in Administrative Law, based on long-extinct struc-tures. If control is a tool destined to solve a problem, it seems funda-mental that this tool be in accordance with its field of application. It would be pointless to create a repair instrument that is useless for the damaged property’s characteristics. In this context, a discussion is formulated regarding the internal control of Public Administration. It follows that, in the control system of Administration itself and not by organs outside its organic structure, internal control is going through modifications and doctrinal discussions that aim to update it—although many times in disregard of the current Administration’s concept, structures and modus operandi.
KEY WORDS: administration, internal control, public administration, effectiveness, purpose
JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: H52, H7
Os princípios gerais de direito internacional público e sua ponderação
No full textThis paper focuses on the ineffectiveness of applying the general principles of Public International Law to provide a solution to international conflicts. It aims to describe whether, within international relations, States act in accordance with international regulations.
KEY WORDS: legal analysis, weighting of principles, praxeology, international standards, Public International Law.
JEL CODE: F02, E00RESUMENEl trabajo se enfoca en la poca efectividad que posee la aplicación de los principios generales del Derecho Internacional Público para proveer una solución a los conflictos internacionales. En ese sentido, se apunta a describir si dentro de las relaciones internacionales los Estados actúan apegados a la normativa internacional.
ABSTRACTThis paper focuses on the ineffectiveness of applying the general principles of Public International Law to provide a solution to international conflicts. It aims to describe whether, within international relations, States act in accordance with international regulations.
KEY WORDS: legal analysis, weighting of principles, praxeology, international standards, Public International Law.
JEL CODE /CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: F02, E0