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Effect of brewery spent grain on the growth and yield of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (l.) Moench)
Get PDFA field experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma to investigate the effect of brewery spent grain on the growth and yield of sorghum. Treatment consisted of five rates of brewery spent grain (BSG) (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 t/ha). The experiment was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. Sorghum variety (ABS 4540 AMZU) was used as a test crop. The parameters measured included: plant height, leaf area, number of leaves/plant at 3, 6 and 9 weeks after planting (WAP). Whole plant dry matter yield and grain weight were also determined. The results obtained showed that BSG treatments had significantly (P<0.05) higher plant height, leaf area and number of leaves than the control in all the weeks after planting, except for number of leaves at 3 WAP. At 3 and 6 WAP, the tallest plants (21.33 cm and 33.05 cm) were obtained from crops treated with 8 t/ha BSG while those treated with 6 t/ha BSG had the tallest plant (95.04 cm) at 9 WAP. 6 t/ha BSG recorded the highest leaf area at 3, 6 and 9 WAP. At 6 WAP, the highest number of leaves (9.00) was observed from plants which received the application of 6 t/ha BSG. However, control had the highest number of leaves (10.00) than BSG treatments. The highest grain yield (2.54 t/ha) and dry matter yield (3.80 g) were obtained from crops which received the application of 6 and 8 t/ha BSG, respectively. Keywords: Brewery Spent Grain, Growth, Sorghum, Yield
Factors determining the food insecurity status of rural household of rural household Manna Woreda of Jimma zone, Ethiopia
No full textThis study was conducted in Manna woreda which is found in Jimma zone at a distance of 368 km south west of Addis Ababa and 24 km west of Jimma town. The objective of the study was to identify the determinants of household food insecurity in rural households. Even though majority of the sample households were found to be food secured, the number of food insecure households was not small. To know the food security status of the households, the data collected from sampled respondents regarding food preparation for seven day recall and daily consumption record were converted to kilocalorie using the Food Composition table manual. After that the major demographic, socioeconomic and institutional variables were assessed to look into their relative importance in determining the state of food security at household level. Accordingly Large family size and Asset possession, sex of the household head , number of oxen owned, Access to improved seed and chemical fertilizer are found to be the determinants of food insecurity in the area, Existence of major animals diseases and pest that affect crop production were found to significantly determine individuals food insecurity status. In addition, Some of the coping strategies that are used by food insecure household were assessed. Their local coping strategies at initial and severe stage includes: sale of livestock and productive assets as well as marketing of wood/charcoal which can in turn aggravate the problem of food insecurity
In the Pursuit of Conceptualizing a Sustainable Human Development Index in a Globalized World: An Analysis of the Evidence from Assam and Meghalaya
Get PDFThere is worldwide consensus today that problems relating to the environment have reached immense proportions and that immediate drastic steps should be taken by nations and the authorized global community to arrest the decline of our environment. The World Health Organization estimates that roughly 25 percent of the disease burden in the developing world is due to environmental factors. For this paper Environmental Human Development Index (EHDI) has been measured, which is a modified version of Human Development Index (HDI) in the pursuit of Conceptualizing a Sustainable Human Development Index in a Globalized World by Evidence from Assam and Meghalaya. This study is based on secondary data obtained from multiple sources. These are like- Census 2011, Central Pollution Control Board, India stat, World Bank, etc. The paper concludes with policy implications for the topic at hand. This study tries to search for development situation regarding the environmental condition of two sister states of North East India. After including the ecological parameters and household status, the shape of the development index is changing. Both states are increasing the development index value. But here Meghalaya increased its development value more than the state Assam. This study portrays with increasing environmental pollutants of particular state morbidity, especially cardiac diseases are growing
Irrigation management for Binadhan-8 and Binadhan-10 Boro rice for optimum yield and water productivity under normal soil
Get PDFAlternate wetting and drying irrigation (AWD) has been reported to save water compared with continuous flooding (CF) in rice cultivation. However, the reported effects on yield varied greatly with soil type, cultivars, and detailed agrohydrological characterization is often lacking so that generalizations are difficult to make. This study quantified the impact of AWD on rice (Binadhan-8 and Binadhan-10) yield, water productivity and irrigation water savings. The irrigation treatments comprised of: Normal farmer’s practice (continuous ponding, 3-5 cm) [T1]; alternate wetting (irrigation by 5 cm) and drying (AWD) for 3 days after disappearance of ponded water (DOPW) [T2]; AWD for 5 days after DOPW [T3]; and a combination [T4].The grain yields varied from 3.9 to 4.4 t ha–1 with no significant difference in yield attributes (except 1000 grain wt.), grain yields and straw yields between AWD and CF. The productivity of water in AWDs was about 6 - 40% higher than that of CF, and the water savings in AWDs compared to CF were 22 – 35%. Alternate wetting and drying for 5 days can save substantial amount of irrigation water without sacrificing yield. This practice can be adopted for cultivating those cultivars for sustainable irrigation management.Keywords: Boro rice, Water management, Water productivity, Alternate wetting and drying irrigation
The use of enriched organic fertilizer to reduce organic and inorganic fertilizer application and increase potato yields in the highlands of Indonesia
Get PDFThe use of Enriched organic fertilizer to Reduce organic and Inorganic Fertilizer Application and Increase the Potato Yields in the Highlands of Indonesia. Experiment was conducted at Experimental Station of Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute (the elevation of this site is 1250 meters above sea level) from June to November 2017. The objective of the experiment is to obtain an efficient technology of nutrient management in terms of organics and biological fertilizers and to obtain appropriate technology of potato tuber. The implementation of the research was preceded by making compost manure using Bio-decomposer for one month and enriched by using Bio-Phosphate and beneficial Micro-organism, dolomite, ash husk and rock phosphate, then continued with its application in the field with potato as an indicator plant. The treatments were arrange in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. The treatments included the use of organic fertilizer in terms of horse manure enrichment at a rate of 20 and 40 t/ha and inorganic fertilizer at a rate of 0, 500 and 1000 kg NPK and horse manure 40 t/ha + 1000 kg NPK/ha as control plants (farmer’s practice). Results of the experiments indicated that the use of horse manure enriched by microorganism can reduce a rate of horse manure from 40 ton/ha to 20 t/ha to produce growth and yield of potato. Enriched horse manure can also reduce the use of inorganic fertilizers by half rate (500 kg NPK / ha). Combination of enriched horse manure 20 t / ha + 500 kg NPK / ha is more efficient to increase yield of potato tubers. The use of enriched horse manure does not seem to affect the improvement of soil fertility, especially for the availability of soil P and soil biological activity.Keywords: Solanum tuberosum, horse manure, decomposer microbes, inorganic fertilizers, tuber yields
Effect of socio-economic characteristics of greenhouse farmers on vegetable production in Ogun state, Nigeria
Get PDFIn Nigeria, vegetable production is adversely affected by climate change, pest and diseases attack and unfavourably environmental condition which have made resourceful farmers and government to embark on vegetable production under greenhouse technology. Hence, this study was conducted to assess socio-economic importance of greenhouse technology for sustainable vegetable production in Ogun State, Nigeria. One hundred and twenty (120) vegetable farmers were purposively selected for this study while descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis were used for the data analysis. The results showed that the respondents were 32 – 40 years of age; predominantly male (90.8%), and had formal education (28.3%). Socio-economic importance of greenhouse technology includes increased yield (94.3%), available supplies all the year round (85.7%), cluster marketing formation (72.9%), higher income generation (75.7%), and rural development (91.4%). Paradoxically, greenhouse vegetable production has not been widely spread due to difficult to establish it by individuals and high cost of construction (98.3%); it is too expensive for the low peasant vegetable farmers (86.7%); and awareness of greenhouse vegetable is low in the public markets (85.8%). So also, chi-square results showed that significant relationship existed between the major limitations and socio-economic importance of greenhouse technology at p < 0.05 level of significance. This study recommends that cost of raw materials for constructing greenhouse should be subsidized by the Federal Government of Nigeria while wealthy individuals, farmers’ groups and cooperative societies should invest in greenhouse technology for large scale vegetable farming.Keywords: socio-economic, importance, vegetable, greenhouse, technolog
Some Physico-chemical Properties of the Habitat of West African Manatee Trichichus senegalensis along River Benue, Nigeria.
No full textSome physico-Chemical parameters of Manatee habitat along river Benue were conducted. The river was divided into four segments; Makurdi, Abinsi, Gbajimba and Gbaji. In each srgment, ten (10) sample points were chosen and the following parameters ; Temperature, dissolved solid (D0), pH, Total dissolved solid,(TDS) Electrical conductivity (EC) and Biological oxygen demand (BOD) were measured. Data collected was subjected to statistical analysis. The result indicated that there were significant differences in the pH, Electrical conductivity, and Biological oxygen demand (BOD) among the four study areas. The mean pH ranged between 6.94 to 7.09, EC ranged between 47.76 µs/cm -55.91 µs/, dissolved oxygen was between 15.82Mg/L in Makurdi to 18.50Mg/L in Abinsi, mean Temperature moved between 29.27oC in Makurdi to 34.33oC in Gbaji, the total dissolved solids ranged from 44.46 Mg/l in Abinsi to 56.74Mg/L in Gbajimba while Biological Oxygen demand (BOD) was least at Gbajimba( 3.03 Mg/L) and Makurdi with 5.49Mg/L It is therefore suggested that continuous monitoring of the water health of the river be sustained for the survival of the west African manatee
Detecting changes and health status of mangrove forest in Achara estuary, Maraharashtra using remote sensing and GIS
Get PDFMangrove forests protect the Western coast of Maharashtra from natural disasters striking from seaward and riverside. The quantity and quality of mangroves were influenced by the morphological and hydraulic characteristics of estuaries. The study aims to identify the Spatio-temporal changes that took place in the mangrove forest of Achara estuary in the last four decades since 1989. It also highlights the zonal horizontal distribution of mangrove land from its mouths to the head of the estuary. Most of the mangroves concentrate in the zone that comprises the area of 1-3 km from the mouth. A gain of 39.17% of the mangrove area shows the growth of mangroves in the study area during this period. NDVI value, which ranges from 0.123 to 0.560, acknowledged the dense and healthy status of mangroves in Achara estuary
Comparative Evaluation of Swine Production With Other Domestic Livestock in Mbaitolu Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria.
Get PDFThe researcher has undertaken this study on comparative evaluation of swine production with other domestic livestock in Mbaitolu Local Government Council of Imo State, Nigeria to proffer some solution to the problems hindering the rearing of swine in the study areas (Mbieri, Ogwa, Orodo, Ogbaku, Eziama –Obiato, Umunoha, Ifakala, Ubomiri and Afara). The researcher used descriptive survey design to carry out the study. The population for the study was 10,450 respondents drawn from nine towns of Mbaitolu Local Government Council. 600 respondents were proportionally and randomly selected as sample size for the study. General objective was formulated from which five specific objectives were formulated. Among these – is to compare swine prolificacy over the prolificacy of other domestic livestock. Five research questions were formulated to guide this study, among these is – what importance has the prolificacy of swine over other domestic livestocks like goats, sheep, horse and cattle? Five null hypotheses were formulated for the study among these is – there is no significant relationship between the prolificacy of swine over the prolificacy of other domestic livestock in Imo State. Pilot study was conducted at Umuagwo community using 20 respondents that reared domestic livestocks. This area was not part of the study location. Questionnaires were used as a medium for data collection. One sample T-test was used to test five null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance and all the null hypotheses were rejected meaning that there were significant differences between pig productions over the production of other domestic livestock. The analysis yielded the following results: swine production was accepted to be more prolific than other domestic livestocks like goats, sheep, horse and cattle. It was also agreed that swine were more adapted to wide varieties of feeds which made them to grow more quickly than other domestic livestocks. It was concluded that swine production was more economically important than the rearing of other domestic livestock. It was recommended that National Poverty Eradication Programme (NAPEP) in Imo State should enlighten the respondents on the economic importance of swine production over the rearing of other domestic livestock. Piglets should be made available to farmers who wish to embark on swine production at affordable price by Anambra – Imo River Basin Development Authority (AMRBDA).Keywords: Swine Production, Domestic Livestock, Mbaitolu Local Government Council
Retos para la producción vitivinícola en la región norte de Baja California: Una Caracterización hidrológica del valle de Guadalupe
Get PDFSe analiza la intensidad de uso en los recursos hídricos subterráneos para el principal valle productor de vino en Baja California considerando un enfoque teórico de seguridad hídrica. La metodología empleada se basa en información oficial para estimar indicadores con la perspectiva de sustentabilidad como el índice del volumen concesionado de agua subterránea en conjunto con la representación de la densidad de concesiones para extracción por km2. Así mismo, para aportar elementos en la gestión integral de los recursos hídricos en la zona de estudio, la investigación propone el uso de herramientas de percepción remota con imágenes multiespectrales del proyecto Sentinel2 para identificar condiciones de estrés hídrico mediante el cálculo del índice diferencial normalizado de recursos hídricos (NDWI) una alternativa al convencional NDVI en la zona productiva. Los resultados sugieren que los factores antropogénicos representan la principal amenaza para el avance de la producción sustentable hacia el largo plazo de esta emblemática actividad en el norte de Baja California