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Ecology and Occurrence of Pugilina (Hemifusus) cochlidium and Pugilina erecta (Gastropoda: Melongenidae) from Thondi coast , Palk strait in Tamil Nadu
Get PDFThe environment is a selective force of an organism and its population. Knowledge of the environmental parameters of study area is thus an essential prerequisite to understand the composition of animal’s inhabitants and their distribution. In the present study the Ecology and Occurrence of two species of Pugilina (Hemifusus) cochlidium and Pugilina erecta along the coast of Thondi are influenced by the environmental factors with less significance. As these animals are bottom living, they were not much affected by changes in the environmental factors. In the present study the maximum temperature was recorded during summer season and the minimum during monsoon. The changes in the temperature have been proved to have meager influence in the distribution of these two species as the temperature variation was not sufficient enough to affect their distribution.Keywords: Pugilina (Hemifusus) cochlidium, Pugilina erecta, temperature, monsoon, distribution
Curso básico de Glaciología y de conocimiento del Parque Nacional Los Glaciares, Provincia de Santa Cruz
Get PDFEstas capacitaciones surgen a partir de un requerimiento que, en el año 2014, la Fundación Conociendo Nuestra Casa de Puerto Deseado (Provincia de Santa Cruz) le propuso al Grupo de Investigación Radar de Apertura Sintética de la Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Facultad Regional Haedo. Consistió en la preparación de unas charlas básicas sobre glaciología para ser dado a los alumnos de 4º Grado de las escuelas de Puerto Deseado y otras ciudades costeras con el objetivo de concientizar desde pequeños a los habitantes de dichas poblaciones. Esta capacitación se fue transformando en los años siguientes a partir del interés que mostraron algunos colegios secundarios de Buenos Aires, para impartirlos durante el ciclo lectivo. Es así, como desde el año 2017, los integrantes del grupo de investigación ofrecen de forma gratuita, clases sobre glaciología y su relación con el cambio climático para jóvenes estudiantes en escuelas secundarias. Primeramente, se buscó generar un contenido didáctico lo suficientemente sencillo como para ser comprendido por niños de 10 años de edad que incluyera tanto imágenes satelitales de la zona del campo de hielo como fotografías históricas y actuales de los diferentes glaciares. Esto fue posteriormente modificado y adaptado a oyentes adolescentes, quienes mostraron además especial interés por la temática del cambio climático. De esta forma, los alumnos pudieron adquirir conocimientos básicos tanto sobre las características principales de los glaciares, así como el retroceso de sus frentes debido a la modificación de las condiciones climáticas imperantes en la zona y en el mundo en general, además de conceptos sobre teledetección. Se usaron geotecnologías para visualizar los glaciares y complementar el texto que comprende su definición, estructura, morfología, evolución, ubicación y aspectos ambientales e históricos asociados de forma que los alumnos puedan tomar contacto con ellos. Se recurrió a imágenes ópticas de los satélites Landsat 3/5/7/8 y Sentinel-2A. Se obtuvieron composiciones en color natural y en falso color compuesto para el periodo 1981-2017 y se realizó un estudio multitemporal para resaltar el retroceso del Glaciar Upsala desde el año 1986 hasta la actualidad. Asimismo, se utilizaron mapas, fotografías históricas, esquemas explicativos e imágenes tomadas por los autores en diferentes estudios de campo realizados en el marco del grupo de investigación. Se fue agregando material específico de misiones satelitales argentinas como el lanzamiento del SAOCOM 1A, además de definiciones sobre el medio ambiente y los factores que lo modifican. La capacitación fue confeccionada de forma flexible pudiendo ser actualizada y dictada en escuelas de todo el país, debido a la enorme importancia que representan los glaciares como recurso hídrico de la Nación y como indicador de las alteraciones producidas en el ecosistema local debido al cambio climático global.Palabras clave: Recursos naturales; Glaciares; Concientización; Imágenes satelitales; Estudio multitempora
Taxonomic Classification and Suitability Evaluation of Selected Soils of Gboko for Yam and Cassava Production.
Get PDFThis study evaluated soil fertility status of Gboko-South in Gboko Local Government Area and their suitability for cassava and yam production. Auger point investigations were carried out at 100 m intervals along traverses spaced at 100 m apart. Three soil units were identified on the field based on soil colour, structure, textures, surface characteristics and topography. The results showed that the soil units were deep (102 – 141 cm) and well drained except unit I that was poorly drained. The soils were coarse-textured and slightly to moderately acidic in reaction with pH values which ranges from 5.38 – 6.50. They had low organic matter contents ranging from 0.20 to 0.95 % and high base saturation which ranged from 76 to 86 %. The soils were classified as Typic Epiaqualfs/Epigleyic Stagnosols, Arenic Haplustalfs/Eutric Luvisols, and Eutric Haplustept/Eutric Haplic Luvisols. Soils of unit I (Pedon I and II), unit II (Pedon III and IV) and unit III (Pedon V and VI) were evaluated to be moderately suitable for cassava and yam production.Keywords: Soil, Taxonomic classification, Suitability evaluation, Land suitability assessment, Yam and Cassava
Hidden Patterns of Sell for Fresh Agriculture Produce by Farmers near to APMC Ahmedabad
Get PDFAfter delisting of fresh agriculture produce at APMC Ahmedabad, there is no change in farmers’ behavior to sell their produce. They still prefer to sell produce through traders and brokers in regulatory body such as APMC. This paper is about the behavior of farmers to sell produce. This study derives some hidden patterns which are previously unknown. The pattern shows that to whom farmers want to sell produce; when they get success or failure to get market for the produce. It also shows behavioral pattern of farmers for different income groups. A pattern of auction in APMC market and how many farmers are agree with the auction and its beneficence. One of the most important parameter for the fresh agriculture produce is the timeframe within that produce get sold. This paper shows the pattern of who is able to sell produce in required timeframe. At last a study of those farmers who were failed to sell produce within required timeframe and what they do with that unsold produce and alternatives available to them
Physicochemical comsposition of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) seed under different storage temperature
Get PDFKenaf is an annual plant grown for its fibre which basically depend on the seed viability, for its maximum growth and production. The seed viability and vigor in turn depend on storage condition. There is insufficient information on physicochemical composition of kenaf seed in relation to seed viability. The present study was performed to know the physicochemical composition of the kenaf seed at different storage temperature in other to improve upon rapid loss of seed viability in kenaf. Four varieties of kenaf seed were obtained from I.A.R. & T seed unit. The seeds were stored at 00C (Unviable seed), 2.20C (Lower temperature), 350C (Ambient temperature), 280C (Cold room temperature which serve as control) for period of 8 months. Seed germination test and weight was performed before and after the experiment. Proximate analysis (Crude protein, Moisture, Carbohydrate, Ash, Crude fibre, Crude fat) and Phytochemicals (Total phenolics, Steroid and Total Flavonoids were also determined). The result shows that there is significant difference in all the parameters studied, for all the storage temperatures as compared with the control (280C) among the varieties except from ifeken 100 where the was no significant difference in Crude fibre and Ash content for seed under ambient temperature as compared with the control. However, the level of tolerance to different storage temperature among the varieties following the order Ifeken 400 >Tianung 2 > Cuba 108>Ifeken 100.Keywords: Kenaf, Storage, Seed germination, Seed weight, Temparature, Seed viability, Proximate, Flavonoid, Phenolics
Evaluation of heavy metals in agricultural soils from Katsina state Nigeria
Get PDFThis work contributes to the monitoring of Agricultural soil pollution in Katsina State, North western Nigeria by assessing the degree of heavy metal pollution in Agricultural soil samples. The study was conducted in the year 2017 within some catchment areas located within the 3 senatorial zones that constitute to make up the state (Katsina senatorial zone: Birchi, Dutsinma and Katsina; Daura senatorial zone: Daura, Ingawa and Zango; Funtua senatorial zone: Dabai, Funtua, Kafur, Malunfashi and Matazu). Analysis for the concentration of these heavy metals; Cr, Cd, Fe, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn was conducted by the use of AAS (by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry) method. . Several indices were used to assess the metal contamination levels in the Agricultural soil samples, namely; Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo), Enrichment Factor (EF), Contamination Factor (CF), Degree of Contamination (Cd) and Pollution Load Index (PLI). The result of this study has shown that generally among the heavy metals evaluated, the highest concentration was observed for Fe (range: 20.195-38.347 ppm), followed by Zn (range: 0.528-1.134 ppm), Pb (range: 0.256-0.627 ppm), Mn (range: 0.261-0.572 ppm) and Cr (range: 0.093-0.344 ppm). While Cd has the lowest concentration (range: 0.022-0.043 ppm). For all the site sampled the heavy metal Ni was below detection level (BDL). From the results of heavy metals I-geo values, according to Muller’s classification, soil samples from Birchi, Daura, Dutsinma, Kafur and Zango were unpolluted (class 0) while soil samples from Dabai, Funtua, Ingawa, Katsina, Malunfashi and Matazu are moderately polluted (class 1). The result for the enrichment factor has shown that with the exception of the heavy metal Fe, which shows significant enrichment for all the sites sampled all the other heavy metals show deficiency to minimal enrichment. Also based on the contamination factors for all soil samples the heavy metal Fe has a CF values range of 1.2861-2.3240, indicating that the Agricultural soil samples are moderately contaminated with Fe. In contrast, the rest of the heavy metals exhibit low contamination in general. The value of PLI ranges from 0.2408 to 0.4935, indicating unpolluted to moderate pollution, with the sampling site for Katsina displaying the highest PLI value while the sampling site of Ingawa has the lowest PLI. The Eri values for all samples are all < 40, presenting low ecological risk. The results suggest that the Agricultural soils samples from Katsina state has low contamination by the heavy metals evaluated.Key words: Agricultural soils, Heavy metals, Katsina state, Pollution load index, Contamination factor
Analysis of Marketing of Moringa oleifera Lam (Moringaceae) and its’ effect on Environment in South East, Nigeria.
No full textAnalysis of moringa oleifera Lam (Moringaceae) product marketing and its’ effect on environment in South East, Nigeria was studied. Specifically, the objectives of the study are to describe the socio-economic characteristic of moringa product marketers, identify the various forms in which moringa are used, determine the marketing margin and marketing efficiency of marketing moringa oleiferia, analyze the determinant factors to moringa oleifera marketing, identify the effects of moringa marketing on the environment, identify the technologies used to cushion the effects of moringa marketing on the environment, determine the effect of the marketers’ socio-economic characteristics on their technology adoption decision and identify the constraint to marketing of moringa oleifera products in the study area. A multistage random sampling procedure was used to select120 moringa products marketers in the study area. Primary and secondary data were used to elicit information from the respondents. The objectives of the study were addressed using percentage responses, marketing margin and marketing efficiency models, multiple regression analysis and factor analysis. The results show that the majority of the marketers were males, youthful, large household size, married, educated and members of cooperatives. The most important form of moringa products consumed in the study area was leaf, followed seed and leaf powder. Furthermore, the marketing margin and marketing efficiency results showed to be positive and high respectively. Among the functional forms estimated, the linear form was chosen as the lead equation based on econometric and statistical reasons. The coefficients of age, education and membership of cooperatives had a direct relationship with marketing efficiency. The effects of moringa marketing on the environment were noise, odour, flies, littering of the environment with moringa residues, rodents and mosquito The technologies used to guide against environmental degradation by moringa marketing were use of nose and mouth protective gadgets, good ventilation, proper disposal of wastes, proper maintenance of processing plant and use of hearing protective device (HPD) The determinant factors to the adoption of technology by marketers against environmental dilapidation were household size, educational level, access to credit, membership of organization. Important constraints militating against moringa marketing in the study area were low returns, competition, no financial support, inadequate funding, inadequate raw materials, high cost of transportation and poor communication. These variables fell between factor loading of 0.30 and above at 10 % overlapping variance as contained in factor analysis result. Policies options aimed at enhancing marketers access to free and affordable education, encourage marketers to form cooperatives in order to reduce the transaction cost of marketing and reduce the effects of marketing on te environment, processor of moringa leaves into powdered form should wear protective devices and for marketers’ access to educational programmes on pollutions and likely consequences.Keywords; Analysis, , Moringa oleifera Lam, Marketing, effect, Environment South East, Nigeri
Comparative sensory evaluation of Agidi made from hungry rice (Acha) (Digitaria exilis) and corn (Zea mays).
Get PDFThis work evaluated the Comparative sensory properties of agidi made from hungry rice (acha/ Digitaria exilis) and maize (zea mays)”. The production of hungry rice and maize were made up of the following recipe: 1200g hungry rice, 300g of chewable cow bone, 14 medium fresh tomatoe balls, 6 medium balls of onions, pepper to taste, curry powder, 4 cubes of maggi (seasoning), 200g of crayfish, and 240ml of vegetable of oil and plantain leaves. Data was collected through sensory evaluation, as well as descriptive statistics for data analysis. Based on the research carried out on hungry rice agidi, the responses on the appearance, taste, texture, and generally acceptability of AG 1 are as follows 33.33%, 38.89%, 30.56% and 16.67% where AG 2 are; 16.67%, 16.67%, 19.44% and 13.89% respectively. Despite higher percentages to AG 1 produced from corn, AG 2 which is produced from hungry rice should be taken as main and staple food because of its nutritional benefits. From the results, the AG2 agidi was not poorly scored. Hence, more emphasis should be made on both meals as it is well known that in this part of the country and world, we have limited food options
Socioeconomic Determinants of Farmers’ Participation in Off-Farm Income Employment in Ezza South Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
Get PDFThe socio-economic determinants of farmers’ participation in off-farm income employment in Ezza south local government area of Ebonyi state, Nigeria were studied. The specific objectives of the study were to describe the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers, identify the off-farm income employments participated by the farmers, ascertain the determinants of farmers’ participation in off-farm income employments and identify the limiting factors to the farmers’ participation in off-farm income employments in the study area. A multi-stage random sampling procedure was used to select respondents for the study. One hundred and twenty farmers (120) were randomly selected for the study. Data collected were analyzed using percentage responses and frequency distribution, logistic regression and 4-point Likert scale. The findings revealed that the farmers that participated in off-farm income activities were aged, educated, well experienced, large farm size, females, married and large household size. The result further revealed that high proportion of the respondents engaged in civil service, trading, motor cycle riders, auto mechanics and tricycle riders. The determinants factors to the farmers’ participants in off farm employments were household size, education level, farming experience, farm size and membership of cooperative societies. Factors limiting farmers’ participation in off-farm activities were high level of Illiteracy, poor access to credit facility, old age, inadequate power supply, poor extension services and ill health of farmers identified. There is need to enhance farmers’ access to extension services, educational program, encouraged farmers to join or form cooperatives
Challenges of Small Poultry Farms in Layer Production in Ikwuano Local Government Area of Abia State, Nigeria.
Get PDFThe study assessed constraints to increased layers production among small-scale poultry farmers in Ikwuano Local Government Area of Abia State. Data were collected using a multistage sampling technique to select 120 small-scale poultry farmers. Descriptive statistics (frequencies counts, percentages) were used to describe the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents. The result shows that the mean age of the respondents was 48 years and majority (77.5%) of the farmers had higher education. Majority of the respondents (73%) practiced sweeping and packing of dirt in the poultry house as the daily routine management on their farms. The major constraint faced by the respondents was disease and pest attack (76.7%) followed by difficulty in credit and loan procurement processes (73.3%). The study therefore recommends that Government should tackle the problem of loan/credit procurement, market price instability, disease and pest as well as proper funding of small-scale layers poultry business so as to enhance the commercialization of poultry industry in Nigeria.Keywords: Poultry Farms, Layer Production, Socio-Economic Characteristics, Constraints