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Isolation, production and application of fibrinolytic enzyme from fermented food sources: a review
Get PDFThe accumulation of the fibrin in bacterial fibrinolytic enzymes finds applications to treat and prevent cardiovascular diseases which fail in hemostasis that leads to the formation of undesirable blood clots in the blood vessels leading to condition called thrombosis. The fibrinolytic enzymes from food grade organisms are useful for thrombolytic therapy. Conventional thrombolytic agents such as streptokinase, nattokinase etc. Nattokinase is one such fibrinolytic enzyme with a wide range of applications in Pharmaceutical industry, health care and medicine etc. Hence, potent blood-clot dissolving protein used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases is produced by the bacterium Bacillus subtilis during the fermentation of soybeans to produce Natto. The health benefits of some fermented foods are synthesis of nutrients, prevention of cancer, diabetes due to presence of functional microorganisms, which possess probiotics properties, antimicrobial, antioxidant, etc. The first report of fibrinolytic enzyme production of cow dung used as a cheap substrate from Bacillus species in SSF has been given earlier. This review describes different isolation methods which enable the screening and selection of promising organisms for industrial production. The purification and properties of these fibrinolytic proteases is discussed, and the use of fibrinolytic enzyme. In order to obtain Bacillus species producing fibrinolytic enzymes, the fermented food sample such as sprouted grain and processed grain etc were used. The heat tolerant isolates initially were selected for catalase test. Fibrinolytic activity of the selected isolates was determined by using Fibrin plate assay. From the above work, it can be concluded that the fibrinolytic enzyme produced by Bacillus from fermented food samples had the ability to degrade the fibrin and hence can be used for functional food formulation
Un problema no es sólo un problema. Posiciones, hermenéuticas y políticas públicas relativas a la salud de las abejas
Get PDFIn different parts of the world, we discuss the health of bees and their possible causes. Argentina, one of the world’s leading honey producers, inevitably owns this problem in a central place. In this work we will analyze the ways of conceptualizing the problem and the hermeneutics that underlie different agents regarding the bee health in Argentina. To this end, an analysis of the link between positions and hermeneutics of beekeepers, Bayer, scientists from the areas of Toxicology and Behavioral Biology and officials from different areas of SENASA, control body of the Argentine State will be carried out. Among the main conclusions it is recognized: i) Argentine State and Bayer present similar positions and hermeneutics suggesting a neoliberal scenario, ii) Toxicology (area of greatest interference in the problem) minimizes environmental risks with respect to Behavioral Biology and iii) numerous simplification processes are recognized in public policy decision making in Argentina in recent years.En diferentes lugares del mundo se discute acerca de la salud de las abejas y sus posibles causas. Argentina, uno de los principales productores de miel del mundo, inevitablemente ubica a esta problemática en un lugar central. En este trabajo indagaremos los modos de conceptualizar el problema y las hermenéuticas que le subyacen a diferentes agentes respecto a la salud de las abejas en Argentina. Con este fin, se realizará un análisis del vínculo entre posiciones y hermenéuticas de apicultores, Bayer, científicos de las áreas de la Toxicología y Biología del Comportamiento y funcionarios de diferentes áreas de SENASA, órgano de control del Estado argentino. Entre las conclusiones principales se reconoce: i) el acercamiento de las posiciones y hermenéuticas del Estado argentino y Bayer propio de un escenario neoliberal, ii) el modo en el que la Toxicología (área de mayor injerencia en la problemática) minimiza los riesgos ambientales respecto a la Biología del Comportamiento y iii) los numerosos procesos de simplificación que se reconocen en la toma de decisiones de la política pública en Argentina en los últimos años
Tácticas y estrategias de mujeres trabajadoras del sector servicios en Chile frente al conflicto: participación sindical, empleo y cuidados
Get PDFThis article addresses the conflict of union participation, employment and unpaid care work of workers from two unions in the service sector in Chile. This analysis is carried out in the context of the increase in female unionization in the country by investigating the complexities and conflicts of joint responsibility for unpaid care activities, employment and union participation, as well as the strategies that women develop to face them. This work contributes in a different direction from the few current national investigations about female union participation, which emphasize their exclusion and marginalization. For this, semi-structured and group interviews are carried out with trade union women of different ages in the Metropolitan Region. The study shows the development of tactics and strategies of resistance by women to face the conflict in the three areas indicated, which affect their positioning in the union sphere, accompanied by rearrangements in the domestic sphere and a process of growing empowerment. El presente artículo aborda el conflicto de la participación sindical, empleo y trabajo de cuidados no remunerado, de trabajadoras de dos gremios del sector servicios en Chile. Dicho análisis se lleva a cabo en el contexto del aumento de la sindicalización femenina en el país, indagando en las complejidades y conflictos de la responsabilidad conjunta de actividades de cuidados no remunerados, empleo y participación sindical, así como en las estrategias quelas mujeres desarrollan para enfrentarlas. El trabajo aporta en una dirección distinta de las escasas investigaciones nacionales actuales acerca de la participación sindical femenina, que ponen el acento en su exclusión y marginación.Para ello se llevan a cabo entrevistas semiestructuradas y grupales, a mujeres sindicalistas de distintas edades de la Región Metropolitana. El trabajo muestra el desarrollo de tácticas y estrategias de resistencia para enfrentar el conflicto por parte de las mujeres en los tres ámbitos señalados, lo que incide en el posicionamiento en el ámbito sindical, acompañado de reordenamientos en el ámbito doméstico y un proceso de creciente empoderamiento
Application of Response Surface Methodology for optimization ofbivalent extraction from Pomegranate Peel
No full textABSTRACT In present study, an ideal bivalent extraction system was selected and optimized for phenolic extraction of pomegranate peel .Study reported ethanol: ether bivalent solvent system with phenolic content having potent antioxidant activity. Selected bivalent system was optimized for extraction using response surface methodology (RSM). A Box–Behnken design was employed to analyze the effects of variables (temperature, time and peel concentration) on the extraction of total phenolic content, and antioxidant capacity (FRAP). The optimization study suggested extraction with 2.9% pomegranate peel for 8 hours at 40 OC was found the best for extraction of phenolic compound with potent antioxidant activity. RSM was shown to be an adequate approach for modeling the extraction of phenolic compounds from pomegranate peel.The pomegranate peel was extracted using optimized parameters and extract was concentrated in rotary vacuum evaporator at 45 oC for 6 hours. The concentrated extract was used to formulate antioxidant enriched ice cream product. The ice–cream formulation containing 1% of peel extract was found to be more acceptable in terms of sensory parameters. Proximate analysis of acceptable formulation reveals 3.54% protein, 3.51% fat, 22.24% carbohydrate, 0.83% ash, and 69.88% moisture, however62.871 DPPH % inhibition and 84.96 mg/100ml of AAE, FRAP activity and 363.266 mg/100 ml of GAE phenolic content was also reported with ice cream enriched with 1%peel extract Results shown the antioxidant enriched ice cream could be formulated using extract of pomegranate peel powder with good sensory properties.
Conflict in commons: collective action and institutions
Get PDFCommon pool resources (CPRs) are safe-guards and foundation for rural livelihood especially for the developing nations like India. Cooperation is needed to conserve CPRs due to its very features. Community institutions sometimes face conflicts to conserve commons cost-effectively. But, conflicts may simultaneously help and hamper the local governance of commons. For empirical verification, we have conducted a primary survey on 419 users of canal water, community forest and tank water in 11 CPRs dependent villages from West Bengal, India. We observed positive relations between conflict and collective action in conservation of commons. This finding seems to be conflicting with the notion that, conflict undermines collective action and therewith the potential for sustainability. We examined and found that successful informal communities are more conflictive and at the same time cooperative than formal one. The occurrences of supply, demand and policy side conflicts and conflict resolution methods are also not significantly different between formal and informal institutions. Therefore, conflict and informal institution have some positive impact for the successful conservation. We suggest that authorities have to study the nature and types of conflicts before implementing rules and institutional arrangements thereafter. Keywords – collective action, institutions, commons, conflicts, conservation
Role of nano scale zero valent NZVI nano-particles in removing heavy metal pollution from soil
Get PDFHeavy means a sequence of metals or metalloids that are present in small concentrations can be toxic for plants and animals. Soil contamination and degradation are serious environmental problems that pose a great challenge to agricultural productivity and food security. Numerous studies on the Contamination of soil by means of heavy metal pollution were Investigated. An emerging technology called nanotechnology has gained an interest in solving this problem. Many of the nanomaterials were prepared and they are effective in removing the heavy metal pollution in the soil. In this review, we studied the application of Nano scale zero valent nZVI. The Nano scale nZVI finds a versatile application in removing the heavy metal pollution on the soil. In this work, we had discussed about Nano scale zero-valent metal nanomaterials, and Nano composites in detail. The application and observations of this nanomaterial metal and its composite are fully explained and summarized in details . This nanomaterial’s exhibit great advantages as adsorbents towards heavy metals.
Keywords: Soil contamination, heavy metal pollution, nanomaterials, Nano scale zero valent NZV
Pre and post Vulnerability of Floods to Mental Health Among the Residents of Srinagar City, J&K-India
Get PDFHealth effects occur directly through contact with flood waters or indirectly from damage to infrastructure, ecosystems, food and water supplies or social support systems. They can be immediate or can appear days, weeks or months after the floods have receded. Two thirds of flood related deaths worldwide are from drowning and one third from physical trauma, heart attacks, electrocution, carbon monoxide poisoning or fire. The main of this paper was to assess the Pre and post vulnerability of floods to mental health among the residents of Srinagar city. For the collection of primary data, sample of 200 respondents were randomly selected from various areas of the Srinagar city. A well structured questionnaire was employed for collecting primary data. The study reveals that Maximum number patients were found during post floods (974). During pre floods out of the total 418 patients, maximum were found in the month of July (116 patients) followed by August (107 patients). However in post floods out of 974, maximum cases were found in January (281 patients) followed by march (273 patients). Females were found more vulnerable in both cases but in pre flood 62 percent females were found exposed to different mental health problems which increased to 77 percent after floods of September, 2014.
Key words: Flood, Mental Health, Srinagar, Vulnerabilit
Cladocera as a substitute for Artemia as live feed in aquaculture practices: a review.
Get PDFRearing larval forms of fishes is a crucial and critical step in aquaculture practices. Proper nurturing of juvenile forms is important to ensure their survival and growth. Supplementary feeds have been used long since to augment growth and productivity of fishes throughout the world. Despite, availability of a variety of advanced artificial feeds, zooplanktons have been preferred over artificial feeds for their qualities like: better digestibility, nutritional levels, preference by fish larvae and economic feasibility, especially for rearing young fin and shell fish species. Conventionally, Artemia sp. (brine shrimps) has been preferred among live feed organisms for rearing of fish larvae, but, applicability of cladocerans has been less explored despite their several beneficial features. Studies have reported most cladocerans species (especially, Moina sp. and Daphnia sp.) are nutritionally rich comprising of a variety of essential fatty acids, amino acids, digestive enzymes and micronutrients etc. Being an important component of trophic structure in water bodies, they form a link between different trophic levels through food chain relationships, ensuring nutrient dynamics. Their small size and jerky movements make them attractive to larval fish forms. Moreover, their cost effective culture process can thus be an efficient, feasible, economical and sustainable alternative to comparatively costlier and less abundant Artemia feed. This article endeavours to review and highlight the efficiency of cladocerans over Artemia feed for providing a viable and sustainable diet in commercial aquaculture practice.La cría de formas larvarias de peces es un paso crucial y crítico en las prácticas de acuicultura. La crianza adecuada de las formas juveniles es importante para asegurar su supervivencia y crecimiento. Los alimentos complementarios se han utilizado desde hace mucho tiempo para aumentar el crecimiento y la productividad de los peces en todo el mundo. A pesar de la disponibilidad de una variedad de alimentos artificiales avanzados, se ha preferido el zooplancton a los alimentos artificiales por sus cualidades como: mejor digestibilidad, niveles nutricionales, preferencia por larvas de peces y viabilidad económica, especialmente para la cría de especies jóvenes de aletas y mariscos. Convencionalmente, Artemia sp. (camarones de salmuera) se ha preferido entre los organismos de alimento vivo para la cría de larvas de peces, pero la aplicabilidad de los cladóceros se ha explorado menos a pesar de sus diversas características beneficiosas. Los estudios han informado que la mayoría de las especies de cladóceros (especialmente, Moina sp. Y Daphnia sp.) Son nutricionalmente ricas y comprenden una variedad de ácidos grasos esenciales, aminoácidos, enzimas digestivas y micronutrientes, etc. Al ser un componente importante de la estructura trófica en los cuerpos de agua, Formar un vínculo entre diferentes niveles tróficos a través de las relaciones de la cadena alimentaria, asegurando la dinámica de los nutrientes. Su pequeño tamaño y movimientos espasmódicos los hacen atractivos para las larvas de peces. Además, su proceso de cultivo rentable puede ser una alternativa eficiente, factible, económica y sostenible a los piensos de Artemia comparativamente más costosos y menos abundantes. Este artículo intenta revisar y resaltar la eficiencia de los cladóceros sobre el alimento de Artemia para proporcionar una dieta viable y sostenible en la práctica de la acuicultura comercial
Effectiveness of agricultural wastes in soil stabilization.
Get PDFMany ways have been sought to improve soils, especially expansive soils which have been problematic to structures and pavements built over them and soil stabilization seems to be one of the effective ways. But soil stabilization in itself is not cost-effective hence the introduction of agricultural wastes being researched on and seen as a cheaper means to be used as stabilizing agents which helps in minimizing the cost of soil stabilization, thereby reducing the problem of waste disposal. Agricultural wastes like Rice Husk Ash, Bagasse Ash, Sugarcane Straw Ash, Saw Dust Ash, Coconut Husk Ash, Millet Husk Ash, Corn Cob Ash, Locust Bean Pod Ash, Cassava Peel Ash and Bamboo Leaf Ash have been experimented with in stabilizing soils and as well, serving as supplementary cementitious materials for cement in concrete production. The strengths of the soils and the concrete stabilized with these wastes were seen to improve significantly and their effectiveness was estimated based on an average optimum value. Agricultural waste processing Industries can be set up to help in the massive production of these natural stabilizers which would lessen the cost of soil stabilization using cement and chemicals and also generally reduce problems that are associated with waste disposal, helping in waste management.
Keywords—expansive soils, soil stabilization, agricultural waste
A review on the effects of artificial light weight aggregate in concrete
Get PDFThe disposal problem of industrial by-products like fly ash, heavy metal sludge, sewage sludge etc. are increasing day by day. To use by-products in large volume the applications like embankment fill or aggregate replacement material should be considered for sustainable development. This study is focused on properties of artificial light weight aggregate on concrete and the effect of cold bonded light weight aggregate on concrete through partial and complete replacement of coarse aggregates. Artificial Lightweight aggregate can be produced by nodulizing the by-product for example fly ash in a pelletizer with a proportionate quantity of water, cement and further hardened by cold bonding or sintering. Due to the impact of earth quake forces all over the world, the need for light weight structural design is increasing presently, as it reduces mass of the structure. The concrete produced is light weight in nature and has added the benefit of reducing overall cost, especially in transportation and placing etc. it has its own advantages like reduced dead load, and thus economic structures, high sound absorption and good fire resistance.
Keywords—Artificial light weight aggregate, cold bonding, Fly ash, Fly ash aggregate, Pelletization, and Sintering