Portal de Revistas Académicas UC Temuco
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A review on modelling of the stress-strain behaviour of soil.
Get PDFSoil has been used as a construction material since antiquity with both success and failure. As the earth material is widely available and relatively economical, it has been found very useful in the construction of foundations, subgrades, embankments and as backfill. The collapsibility of soil is mainly due to the decrease of shear strength and macro-deformation with the increase of moisture content. This can result in some serious problems, such as the differential settlement of the foundation, landslides, and slope instability, resulting in a series of damages of infrastructures and loss of human lives to some degree. In civil engineering, it is very important to make realistic predictions of the behaviour of soil under various conditions. Triaxial tests are to be carried out to study soil behaviour. The results will indicate the shear damage characteristics during the test. The relation of stress and strain of soils can be expressed using constitutive models. It can provide a brief idea about how soil will behave under different conditions. Application of Neural Network can be used to develop a data-driven constitutive modelling of the soil.
Keywords- Shear strength, Triaxial test, moisture content, constitutive mode
Suitability of demolition waste as a landfill liner material – An experimental approach
Get PDFWaste management is the term that refers to the collection, processing, recycling, transport and monitoring of waste products. Various methods of waste management like incineration and recycling have been introduced recently. A landfill liner, or composite liner, is a low permeable barrier, which is laid down under engineered landfill sites. Until it deteriorates, the liner retards migration of leachate, and its toxic constituents, into underlying aquifers or nearby rivers, causing spoliation of the local water. The efficient use of low cost, reliable and durable materials is very much essential for modern practices of construction. Demolition waste is the waste debris obtained from destruction of buildings, roads, bridges or other structures. Bentonite is a type of clay that has an ability to swell and gel when dispersed in water which is used in construction, mainly in excavation and foundation works. Dredged marine clay is a type of clay found in coastal regions across the world. This can be obtained from coastal and marine areas with the help of dredgers. This project includes an investigation into the feasibility of combining demolished waste materials with dredged marine clay and bentonite to study the suitability of a landfill liner by experimental approach. When demolished waste was mixed with dredged marine clay, it did not satisfy the conditions required for the landfill but when combining the demolition waste with bentonite, the criteria was satisfied and the perfect mix was obtained.
Keywords— Dredged marine clay, Bentonite, Demolition waste, Landfill, Landfill line
Review on sponge city construction for flood management
Get PDFDue to the global climate change and the rapid progress of urbanization, the frequent occurrence of flooding disasters and severe pollution seriously threaten the sustainable development of modern cities. To solve these problems, China first started the construction of the ‘Sponge City’. Sponge city can improve city’s ability to adapt to the environment change and to cope with floods; it can also make them more sustainable. It was not only meant for urban flood control, but also rainwater harvest, ecological restoration of urban land and water quality improvement. The rainfall received in 2020 in Hyderabad of India, has been the highest for the month October in a century. The risk is going to increase year after year in the whole nation. So India too needs a mission that mitigates flood risk and provides a pathway to water security. And the most promising solution across the world at this time can be the idea to adopt Sponge city construction. Improper research in this field will lead to huge maintenance difficulties and other related problems. This paper mainly focuses on presenting the concepts of sponge city construction along with its pathway. Not only does it focus on Sponge city’s benefits, but also its challenges are also stated, which leads to better understanding about its scope of continuing for future.
Keywords: Flood control, sponge city, green infrastructure, urban floods
Review on investigation of corrosion behavior of reinforced concrete with supplementary cementitious materials
Get PDFCement concrete is the most widely used material for various constructions. Properly designed and prepared concrete results in good strength and durability. Sometime these mixes are found to be inadequate, hence variety of admixtures are used along with cement. A certain percentage of cement will be replaced separately with metakaolin and silica fumes. Hence the flexural strength test of concrete and evaluation of corrosion behavior of the reinforcement can be performed. The study of flexural property of concrete will be conducted at 7 or 28 days characteristic strength with different replacement level of cement (i.e.0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%). Corrosion behavior of reinforcement will be evaluated based on half-cell potential. Concrete samples will be cured in either fresh water of 4% NaCl saline water for 7 or 28 days of curing period. We assumed that the addition of silica fumes and metakaolin will improve the flexural strength characteristics of concrete and corrosion resistivity of reinforcement.
Keywords: Flexural strength, corrosion, metakaolin, silica fumes
A review on offsite construction plant design in Auckland
Get PDFThe main objective of this paper was to review the design considerations and challenges for offsite construction plant in Auckland. The goal is to provide the reasons for selecting the design criteria. For this the production plants Willmot Dixon in UK, CRC in Australia and Fletcher in New Zealand were considered. This plant can be used for products in residential buildings, hospitals, educational buildings and commercial buildings using Lightweight steel and timber framing, Factory assembled bathrooms (FABs) or pods, Cross-laminated timber and Prefabricated and precast concrete. The four design communication alternatives for an offsite production plant based on the requirements for adaptability, efficiency in assembly and production economy are explained according to the needs. The main urban challenges which were faced by Auckland for offsite production plant like speed of construction, cost, waste materials, machines and workers are reviewed using the method of engineering called Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA) by which the production costs and the time for products to reach the market are reviewed.
Keywords: Offsite, Design, Materials, DFM
Water-related impacts on agriculture due to climate change: a review with reference to Kerala.
Get PDFClimate change has arisen as the most pressing global challenge of the 21st century. The impending challenges may be associated with water resources management. Water-related impacts due to climate change are ranging from water scarcity to intense floods. The state of Kerala has witnessed severe floods in the last two years owing to Extreme Rainfall Events (ERE), among which the prominent ones are the events that occurred in August 2018. The extent of human and livestock mortalities, crop damages and economic losses due to the floods was enormous. This paper critically reviews the scientific studies and reports on impacts of climate change which profiting generalists bothered with environmental challenges. The article highlights the need for water conservation, risk management, and the development of mitigation measures to cope with the water-related impacts of climate change on agriculture.
Keywords—climate change, flood, drought
Site suitability analysis for decentralized sustainable solid waste management system for Coimbatore city using GIS.
Get PDF The effective solid waste management in a developing country like India has become an essential concern of the society. Municipality and corporation have framed many policies and municipal solid waste rules for a sustainable solid waste management, but the increase in population and urbanization leads to many challenges in implementing an effective system. Disposal of waste is an important action in solid waste management but due to many flaws in system the centralized disposal of waste is not effective. In this research the site selection for decentralized processing unit zone wise is done using GIS and weighted overlay analysis. The weighted overlay analysis is done by using thematic layers like land use land cover, geomorphology, geology, soil, lineaments, ground water depth, distance from water bodies, distance from railway track, drainage density, road density ,distance from roads are used as inventory maps to arrive the suitable area to carry out decentralized solid waste management. The results revealed the suitable area in sqkm under five classifications as highly suitable, high to moderately suitable, moderately suitable, poorly suitable and not suitable.
Keywords: site suitability, south zone, Coimbatore decentralized waste management, weighted overlay analysis
Emission Trading Schemes (ETS) in India: An Overview
Get PDFAll we are facing the problems of global warming caused by excess emission of GHGs in the atmosphere. Out of three flexible mechanisms as suggested by the Kyoto Protocol, Emission Trading System (ETS) is the most important tool to fight global warming. In this backdrop this study tries to identify the present status of Emission Trading Scheme in India and the advantages and disadvantages of the ETS. The study is descriptive in nature and based on secondary data. From the study it is found that India has successfully introduced the Perform, Achieve and Trade (PAT) scheme to increase energy efficiency in high energy consumed industries in a phased manner from 2012. Now, India has launched world first ever particulate pollution scheme on pilot basis in Surat in 2019 to reduce air pollution in the city caused by different industries. ETS has different advantages like certainty in emission reduction, flexibility in selection of different alternatives etc. On the other hands ETS has also different disadvantages like high transaction cost, complexity of the scheme, free rider problems etc.
Keywords: Emission trading, GHGs, Perform, Achieve and Trade (PAT), Free rider problem, renewable energy etc
Léxico y doble discurso del conservadurismo político chileno en la primera mitad del siglo XX
Get PDFThe reasons for political conservatism are associated with mobilizing signifiers and rhetorical strategies for handling conceptual ambiguity. This article aims to explore the lexicon and double discourse modalities of the Chilean Conservative Party of the first half of the 20th century. The study is based on a discourse analysis of ideographs (McGee, 1980) and the fallacies of terminological ambiguity (Bentham, 1986) displayed in political proclamations of the Conservative party in 1878, 1918, 1932 and 1953. There is an oscillation between a party political lexicon and a confessional doctrinal lexicon, as well as transformations of the political vocabulary, depending on the associated antagonistic signifier (liberalism, radicalism, socialism, communism). There are also changes in the persuasive use of double discourse through the different political and historical conjunctures. El artículo propone una reflexión sobre la re-conceptualización de lo local en un contexto de globalización, y analiza en términos teóricos cuáles son las posibilidades efectivas de que se mantengan, refuercen o desencadenan dinámicas de desarrollo local endógeno, entendido como proceso con alto protagonismo de las sociedades locales y, también, como enfoque alternativo. El trabajo se basa en la revisión de la literatura sobre desarrollo local y globalización, y pretende ser un aporte a la discusión sobre estos tópicos. El texto constata la existencia de enfoques que conceptualizan lo local destacando fenómenos como el descentramiento, las redes supralocales, el reforzamiento de las capacidades competitivas de los territorios, el sentido comunitario y las identidades. Planteamos que éste debe entenderse como un “complejo de locales” que pueden tener relaciones entre sí, que el territorio se produce socialmente, y que para adquirir algún carácter de alternatividad en un contexto globalizado, los procesos de desarrollo local endógeno tienen que contar con agentes locales fortalecidos y que actúan desde diversas escalas de la realidad. Destacamos además el rol de los agentes externos: las acciones en y desde escalas mayores pueden ser elementos clave si están en concordancia con orientaciones provenientes de lo local.
Environmental Impact Assessment from the Emission of Combined Natural Gas Cycle Power Plant
Get PDF This paper analysed the potential environmental impact of the natural gas-fired generating station in the surrounding area. The primary objective of this Study includes determination of the present environmental condition, study of the project related activities and assessment of the potential environmental effects due to these specific activities. The major environmental disciplines studied include ground and surface water hydrology, climatic condition, quality of air, noise, terrestrial and aquatic ecology. The power plant produce electricity using natural gas as fuel and natural gas does not contain any sulphur contents. The main pollutants are nitrous oxide (NO2), particulate matter (PM), CO from exhaust gas coming out from the turbine through stack and their values are well below National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). Noise and Vibration in the study area is assed to be minor due plant operation and does not impact on local faunal species. Heavy metal concentrations in the groundwater found below the acceptable limit and suitable for using domestic and irrigation purpose. The analysis revealed that surface water quality is suitable for aquatic flora and fauna. Study also indicates that power plant has no negative impact on climatic condition, air quality and aquatic eco system