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Comparison and evaluation of effect of Chitosan as edible coating to maintain the postharvest quality and enhance shelf-life of Psidium guajava and Fragaria ananassa fruits
Get PDF Preservation of fruits post-harvest has always been a major problem for farmers and industries because of their short-shelf life and high perishability. Several methods are followed for preservation such as cold storage, use of wax coatings, each of these has their own disadvantages. So, in search of a perfect alternative for these preservative methods, use of edible coatings has shown a significant effect and benefit on fruit preservation. Chitosan, a natural polymer was chosen as an edible coating because of its properties such as biodegradability, non-toxicity. Guava and strawberry are the fruit with short shelf life due to intense metabolic activity. In attempt to minimize these post-harvest problems, chitosan (1%) was used as an edible coating for a period of 96hrs and at a temperature of 25±5 ˚C on guava and strawberry and evaluated its physiochemical characteristics and anti-oxidant system. It was observed that there was a less decrease in total sugar content (simple sugars), increase in peroxidase and catalase activity and also decrease in the fresh weight loss. These results suggested that chitosan effectively prolonged the quality attributes in guava and strawberry post-harvest, by delaying processes like ripening and increase of anti-oxidant activity, upon storing at a temperature of 25±5 ˚C
Sustainable Urban Development of Smart Cities in India-A Systematic Literature Review
Get PDFThe current accelerated urbanization in India will result in a growth of another 140 million over the current status of 450 million people living in the urban area. This signifies that around 40 percent of India’s population will reside in urban areas of the country. Among the 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs)one important goal is to have Sustainable cities and communities in agenda 2030, hence cities have immense potential to contribute to fulfilling sustainable development goals. In India responsible institutes at the state and national level have applied the concept of sustainability with sustainable urban development. The present study aims to analyze works of literature available on both environmental sustainability and smart city concepts and also to understand the relationship between these two. The research methodology used for the objective stated would be qualitative, through a systematic review of the literature using R as a statistical tool. The study intends to provide detailed information on the most recent articles focusing on smart cities and how they would lead to sustainable development. Further, the scope of the current study would give important input to policymakers and researchers seeking information for further investigation and implementation of policies.
Keywords: Smart Cities, Urban Development, Sustainable developmen
Sustainable shipping through alternate fuels and renewable technology
Get PDFThe present use of fossil fuels for maritime applications is environmentally disastrous, and calls for decarbonization processes. A shift from existing energy technologies is essential since they prove to be an inefficient methodology toward carbon free environment. This necessitates the need of alternate ideology for achieving the same. Maritime authorities such as International Maritime Organization (IMO) in conjunction with classification societies like Det Norske Veritas (DNV GL), American Bureau of Shipping (ABS), Bureau Veritas (BV), Lloyd’s Register (LR) etc. work on various techniques to bring out efficient strategies to create a possible outlook. The 75th session of the Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) of IMO stipulatesa 50% reduction of GHGs, to be achieved by 2050 through sustainable shipping compared to 2008. The latest mandate by regulatory agencies is the stepping stone towards sustainable shipping across the globe. The focus has now deviated to renewable energy alternatives such as solar energy, wind energy, zero emission fuels etc, with the ultimate goal of developing a ship into a sustainable entity, which would not only comply with the new environmental regulations but would also result in least possible carbon emissions. India’s first solar ferry Aditya, wind propelled ship developed by Wallenium Marine etc are the leading milestones in sustainable shipping. Along with alternate fuels, efficient design alternatives like cross bow, hull vane, flettner rotor etc contribute to energy efficient operation. Various researches are in progress around the globe to develop more and more efficient technologies to accomplish the targets
Carbon footprint levels and recommendations for sustainable shipping industry
Get PDFMaritime transportation account for the most efficient and economic transportation of goods across the globe but many environmental impacts are to be considered. According to the latest International Maritime Organization (IMO) reports, maritime transportation accounts for 2-3% of all global greenhouse gas emissions. IMO has recommended bringing down 50% of these emission levels by 2050. This has created a greater demand among shipbuilders and industry to adopt sustainable methods that can reduce carbon emissions. This study aims at bringing a sustainable alternative approach that can be implemented in the shipping industry to bring down carbon emissions. Carbon footprint (CF) is the tool used here to study the sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and their quantities. Analysis of carbon footprint during each stage of the ship’s lifecycle is carried out and alternative approaches are implemented at three levels. The first approach is applied on operation level, second on type of fuel used, and third on powering. The result shows that streamlining the ship’s hull brings a 1% reduction in total carbon emission. Switching from fossil fuel to biofuel and renewable fuel shows a significant reduction in GHGs, also renewable alternatives are highly effective and go at pace with environmental sustainability. Reducing the shipping speed and slow steaming can bring down two-third of the total carbon emission. Electric propulsion not only serves as a reduction in carbon intensity but also has immense potential for future developments
Advances in zooplankton studies- An overview
Get PDFZooplankton are free swimming animals that have a prominent role in the both fresh water and marine ecosystems. They are considered to be bio indicators and since the existence of zooplankton is more important along with their undeniable role in energy transfer through food chains and biogeochemical cycling. To know about different aspects about zooplankton the care should be taken from the level of collection and further in to their preservation, identification, sorting, enumeration and their analysis through different scientific procedures. Studies about zooplankton is still going on all around the world and there have been a lot of advances made at different aspects related to zooplankton study. A nutshell of field as well as laboratory procedures involving different techniques and instrumentation in zooplankton studies and advancements that have been made and currently followed by the researches are included in this review article
Purchasing practice of young consumers towards green packaging: influence of value system with the mediating effect of attitude.
Get PDFThe problem of climate change is not just because of utilizing the resources in excess and exploiting the nature, but the preference and consumption pattern of people have got changed in recent times. This consumption pattern has led in producing such large quantities of non-eco-friendly packaging materials that is creating serious environmental issues. The packaging materials are simply thrown out and become a source of massive portion of waste. Therefore, packaging materials should be considered a core factor in a way to deliver products to consumers securely. Understanding this, the knowledge and awareness on different kinds of packaging and their impact on environment the consumption patter of consumer need to be tested exclusively among the young consumers. This study was carried out in Thoothukudi Educational district, covering the schools of five different educational blocks in the district. Collecting 818 samples, the study aims to understand the knowledge, awareness, consumption pattern, attitude, and the values of 9th to 12th standard students. A Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was constructed to test the impact of Packaging Awareness (PKGA), Eco-centric Values (ECCV), Emotional Values (EMOV), and Social Values (SOCV) on the Purchase Decision (PUDE) of young consumers. The model also tests the mediated effects of attitude on PUDE. The study has found that the awarenesss on packaging strengthens the purchasing behaviour or the intention in young minds. The awareness on the impairments of polymeric packaging and the positve perception toward eco-friendly packaging drive the consumer intention towards green. In turn, these awarness have higher significant influence on changing the attitude of young consumers positively towards eco-friendly packaging. Hence, it is suggested that spreading awareness on the anti-environmental polymeric packaging and perceived benefits of eco-friendly packaging. Besides, emotional reactios do not significantly influence the purchase decision of them instead it is only expressed as a spur of the moment. In terms of attitude, similar to the previous studies, it was found that it strongly influences purchasing behaviour of the students and it also strongly mediat social, eco-centric values and awareness towards the purchase intention. 
Impact of industrialization on heavy metals contamination in agricultural soils in Sonepat, Haryana – A National Capital Region of India
No full textThe present study was conducted to assess the impact of industrialization on heavy metals contamination in agricultural soils in Sonepat district, National Capital Region, India. A total of 23 agricultural soil samples collected from different locations of the study area were analyzed for pH, total organic carbon, and heavy metals (Al, Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni, Zn, Mn, Co, and Fe). pH and total organic carbon in the soil samples were 7.81±0.25 and 0.59±0.12 percent. Average concentrations of metals in soil were found to be in the order of Fe>Mn> Zn> Ni> Cr> Cu>Pb> Co> Cd with concentration values (mg/kg) as 17977.06> 325.43> 91.31> 51.62> 43.82> 34.37> 32.29> 2.16> 1.19. The contamination factor (CF) and geo-accumulation index analysis revealed that the agricultural soils were contaminated with Cd, Pb, Mn, Ni, and Zn. A moderate potential ecological risk was found in most of the soil samples due to the presence of Cd. Interpretation of enrichment factor (EF) showed that Cd, Mn, and Zn were mainly anthropogenic in origin while Ni and Pb were both anthropogenic and crustal in origin. The health risk index on inhabitants due to exposure to heavy metals in agricultural soils was calculated for oral, dermal, and inhalation pathways and the values obtained were below 1, showing no significant health effects due to direct exposure
Assessing Community Participation In Managing Drinking Water Supply Facilities: The Case of Nedjo Woreda, West Wellega Zone, Oromia Regional State of Ethiopia.
Get PDFGood management of drinking water supply facility is an important factor in ensuring access to safe water but there are different factors that hinder community participation on managing and protecting different water supply facilities and this study was conducted to identify the different factors that affect community participation on managing water supply facilities and to examine extent of their participation in the study area. The result of the study is intended to help stakeholders and planners to devise new solution that enhance communities participation in managing water source that can ensure sustainability of quality water consumption. In order to achieve these objectives a cross sectional survey design was conducted. The quantitative data were collected from 200 randomly selected households in the study area and they were stratified into participant and non-participant. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, percentage and frequency distribution. T-test and Chi-square tests were also employed to describe their characteristics. The result shows that among eight independent variables hypothesized, four of them were significant at less than 10 % probability level. These are:sex of household head, family size, awareness on importance of water source management, participating in water source management, training, amount of water consumption and being member of water committee. Thus, designing appropriate strategy to increase community participation, creating awareness on importance of water source management, provide training on managing drinking water supply facilities and encouraging women participation in managing water source should be take into account.Keywords: Water, Community Participation, Facility, management
Purification and characterization of a highly glucose tolerant β-glucosidase isozyme from a new strain of Paecilomyces variotii MG3 : A highly glucose tolerant β-glucosidase isozyme from Paecilomyces variotii MG3
No full textIsolation and purification of a highly glucose tolerant β -glucosidase by a novel isolate Paecilomyces variotii MG3 was achieved through a three step purification strategy. The purification steps used were ammonium sulphate fractionation, column chromatography using Sephacryl S 300 HR and anion exchange chromatography using DEAE-cellulose.
The fungus produced two isozymes of β –glucosidase. Vmax values of isozyme I and II were 0.2497U/ml and 0.3519U/ml respectively. The Km value of isozyme I was 0.08839mM and that of isozyme II was 0.2710mM. Isozyme I exhibited a Ki of 901.6mM and was found to be insensitive to glucose concentration as high as 2M. The isozymes were tolerant to ethyl alcohol concentration up to 30% and displayed synergism with commercially available cellulase in cellulose degradation.
Localization of SDG 11 for Urban life: Proliferated Experiences of Transformational Pathways in South Asia
Get PDFSouth Asian cities act as loci of interlinked sustainability issues because of the given weight of socio-economic development to be rendered for the urban life in these cities. Hence, localization of SDG 11 becomes a desideratum for functionality, livability, and sustainability of their habitants. This paper intends to provide a preliminary investigation on some of the actions and urban development practices adopted across South Asian context that harness cities’ transformational force for innovation and sustainable development. The sequential analysis of the cases taken determine the gravity of the goal, according to: 1) Application: Context-specific innovative solutions for efficient application of the goal; 2) Implementation: combination of improvements in various spheres to benefit localization of SDG 11 3) Transformation: evidences on set of development changes that meet need of citizens. The discussions compound the reimagination of domestic resource mobilization; reorganization of the people-centered resource flows; social innovation for improving and ensuring contextual development of informed policy making for SDG 11. Such efforts taken as adaptive practices for the paradigm shift in Indian context, may not only be beneficial for the sustainable pillar of the cities but will also endure these changes to work in tandem with the people and city systems