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Configuração da identidade em jovens pertencentes a povos indígenas: uma metaetnografia.
No full textThe interdisciplinary approach continues to be a challenge for mental health policies implemented through drug treatment and rehabilitation programs and centers in Chile and Latin America. This article analyzes and discusses the need to include the sociocultural anthropology perspective in the operation of a community and biopsychosocial treatment and rehabilitation program for adolescents who comply with a judicial measure in the city of Temuco, Araucanía Region, Chile. The methodological foundation corresponds to an analytical auto-ethnography, a qualitative research method that intersects the position of the researcher with their position as a social actor. This intersection is found in the author’s participation as an anthropologist-researcher, and at the same time as coordinator of the treatment program. The results project the inclusion of the sociocultural perspective in the dynamics of the program from the definition and operationalization of a notion of culture and cultural identity as a dimension of the transversal reality in three levels of operation: therapeutic intervention approach; relational-organizational dynamics of the therapeutic team, and in intersectoral coordination with other teams in the network. To do this, the training of the intervention team in intercultural competences is established. It is concluded that the auto-ethnographic method is relevant to visualize from a situated, analytical and embodied point of view, the contributions and potentialities of the inclusion of the sociocultural anthropological perspective in the current model of treatment intervention in addictions.El abordaje interdisciplinario sigue siendo un desafío para las políticas de salud mental implementadas a través de los programas y centros de tratamiento y rehabilitación del consumo de drogas en Chile y Latinoamérica. En este artículo se analiza y discute la necesidad de incluir la perspectiva de la antropología sociocultural en el funcionamiento de un programa de tratamiento y rehabilitación biopsicosocial y comunitario para adolescentes que cumplen una medida judicial ambulatoria en la ciudad de Temuco, Región de la Araucanía, Chile. El fundamento metodológico corresponde a una auto-etnografía analítica, método de investigación cualitativo que intersecta la posición del/la investigador/a con su posición de actor social. Dicha intersección se encuentra en mi participación como antropóloga-investigadora, y a la vez como coordinadora del programa de tratamiento. Los resultados proyectan la inclusión de la perspectiva sociocultural en las dinámicas del Programa a partir de la definición y operativización de una noción de cultura e identidad cultural como dimensión de la realidad transversal en tres niveles de funcionamiento: Enfoque terapéutico de intervención; Dinámicas relacionales organizacionales del equipo terapéutico, y en las coordinaciones intersectoriales con otros equipos de la red. Para ello se fundamenta la formación del equipo de intervención en competencias interculturales. Se concluye la relevancia del método auto-etnográfico para visualizar desde un punto de vista situado, analítico y encarnado, los aportes y potencialidades de la inclusión de la perspectiva antropológica sociocultural en el modelo de intervención de tratamiento en adicciones vigente.A abordagem interdisciplinar continua sendo um desafio para as políticas de saúde mental implementadas por meio de centros e programas de tratamento e reabilitação do uso de drogas no Chile e na América Latina. Este artigo analisa e discute a necessidade de incluir a perspectiva da antropologia sociocultural na operação de um programa de tratamento e reabilitação biopsicossocial para adolescentes que cumprem uma medida judicial ambulatorial na cidade de Temuco, Região Araucanía, Chile. O fundamento metodológico corresponde a uma autoetnografia analítica, um método de pesquisa qualitativa que cruza a posição do pesquisador com a sua posição de ator social. Essa intersecção se encontra na minha participação como antropóloga-pesquisadora e, ao mesmo tempo, como coordenadora do programa de tratamento. Os resultados projectam a inclusão da perspectiva sociocultural na dinâmica do Programa a partir da definição e operacionalização de uma noção de cultura e identidade cultural como dimensão da realidade transversal em três níveis de funcionamento: Abordagem da intervenção terapêutica; Dinâmica relacional-organizacional da equipe terapêutica e na articulação intersetorial com as demais equipes da rede. Para tal, baseia-se na formação da equipa de intervenção em competências interculturais. Conclui-se a relevância do método autoetnográfico para visualizar, de um ponto de vista situado, analítico e corporificado, as contribuições e potencialidades da inserção da perspectiva antropológica nas intervenções de tratamento em saúde mental
“En la pampa todos somos gauchos...”. Etnografía del arreo en la frontera de la Norpatagonia
Get PDFThe Andean communities of Chilean Northern Patagonia preexisted the establishment of the Chile-Argentina border and their cattle-drive practices defies the rigidity of Nation-State limits and its north/south geographical vocation. Using an ethnographic and participative perspective, this article aims to describe the experience of a cattle-drive journey from the border village of Paso El León to Cochamó, on the Pacific coast. The paper shows how arrieros from Paso El León appropriate and inhabit a space that was shaped to divide nations and exploit its resources. Every year, the cattle-drive ritual renews the constitutive elements of a deeply territorialized border experience: it shows the fluid character of national identity and highlights a peculiar way of inhabiting the territory (based on a social order that involves the interdependency between humans and other-than-humans). This article also shows the relation between the origins of cattle-drive practices and the colonization of Patagonia in the XIX century and how, in recent years, the possibilities to maintain the gaucho culture are related to limits defined by some of the key actors of the “post-frontier” actors: tourism, conservationism and extractivism.Las comunidades cordilleranas de la Norpatagonia chilena preexisten al trazado de las fronteras Chile-Argentina y sus prácticas de arreo de ganado pueden ser consideradas trayectorias que desestabilizan la rigidez de los límites del Estado-nación y de su vocación geográfica norte-sur. Este artículo pretende relatar desde una perspectiva etnográfica y participativa la experiencia de trashumancia de un grupo de arrieros desde la zona fronteriza de Paso El León hasta Cochamó, en la costa del Pacífico. A través del relato etnográfico se muestra cómo los arrieros de Paso El León se apropian y vuelven habitable un espacio pensado para la división de naciones y explotación de recursos. El ritual de la trashumancia arriera renueva anualmente los elementos constitutivos de una experiencia (trans)fronteriza y a la vez profundamente territorializada: pone en evidencia el carácter fluido de la identidad nacional y revela una forma de habitar el territorio basada en un orden social que contempla la interdependencia entre humanos y no-humanos. Se muestra, además, la relación entre el surgimiento de la trashumancia y la colonización de la Patagonia en el siglo XIX y cómo, en la actualidad, la posibilidad de revivir la cultura gaucha tiene que ver con los límites definidos por algunos actores claves de la “posfrontera”: el turismo, el conservacionismo y el extractivismo
Effect of Saturated solution of Magnous Sulphate on a plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria – Rhizobium species – Host - Arachis hypogaea (Groundnut).
No full textThe nitrogen assimilating bacterium Rhizobium species is naturally existing symbiotic nodule forming bacterium in the roots of Arachis hypogaea. In laboratory the In-vitro conditions it grows in the standard media called Yeast Extract Mannitol media. In this study experiment was set up using saturated solution of Mangnous sulphate (MnSO4). The bacterium Rhizobium species having pink nodulation activity in the plant of Arachis hypogaea (Groundnut) was aseptically inoculated in the presterilised Yeast Extract Mannitol broth and shake incubated for 48 hrs at room temperature. One ml of this pure culture bacterium was serially diluted to 109 dilution. 0.1 ml of 109 dilution was aseptically spread inoculated on pre-sterilised petriplate containing media called Congo Red Yeast Extract Mannitol Agar (Cr.Y.E.M.A) plate having media thickness of 5mm. The petri plate was kept in fridge at 4OC for 5 minutes for diffusion. Pre-sterilised whatman filter paper - disc grade 1 was dipped in pre-sterile saturated solution of magnous sulphate (MnSO4) and placed in the centre of Cr.Y.E.M.A petri plate previously spread inoculated with pure culture of Rhizobium species. The petri plate was incubated at 32OC, for 72 hours. In vitro experimental observations for of MnSO4 no bacterial growth upto 2mm radial zone was observed from the periphery of the filter paper disc. Here it is necessary to note that compound MnSO4 of commercial grade are generally produced by companies for farmers to use in their farms.
Sodium azide and hydroxyl ammonium hydrochloride show affinity for different Oryza sativa varieties in mutation studies
Get PDFThe comparative effects of sodium azide (NaN 3 ) and hydroxyl ammonium hydrochloride (NH 2 OH.HCl) on the growth and yield parameters of therice varieties; FARO 44, FARO 52 and FARO 57 were investigated. The planting materials obtained from the National Cereal Research Institute, Badeggi, Bida, Niger State were treated with 0.004 % sodium azide and 0.25 %hydroxyl ammonium hydrochloride at pH 3. Control seeds were treated with distilled water at neutral pH. Growth parameters recorded include percentage germination and length of plumule and radicle. Yield parameters include number of tillers per plant, number of panicles per plant, one hundred grain weight. Results obtained include percentage germination with sodium azide having the highest percentage germination in FARO 44 and FARO 52 while hydroxyl ammonium hydrochloride had the highest percentage germination in FARO 57. For number of panicles per plant at harvest, sodium azide treated grains had the highest number of panicles harvested in FARO 44 and FARO 52 while hydroxyl ammonium hydrochloride had the highestnumber of panicles harvested per plant at harvest in FARO 57.The observations from this research showed that sodium azide had more affinity for FARO 44 and FARO 52 while hydroxyl ammonium hydrochloride had an affinity FARO 57.Keywords: sodium azide, hydroxyl ammonium hydrochloride, FARO 44, FARO 52, mutagenesis, ric
Role of Minimalist Design in Housing Affordability Case Example: Chandigarh
Get PDFThe paper postulates upon the constitutional (physical) features of minimalistic style of architecture in two diversified typologies of affordable housing in Chandigarh- modern and contemporary. Furthermore, it assesses the efficiency of the physical manifestation of minimalism in tandem with its operational efficiency based on a set rubric of parameters. The survey of the specified typologies reveals that the modern government housing excels in delivering aesthetic appeal, functional capacity, thermal control and affordability within the set principles of minimalism, whereas the contemporary CHB affordable housing, though functionally efficient, lacks in aesthetic appeal and tasteful application of minimalism. Therefore, the research establishes minimalism as a plausible approach to planning and design of cheap dwellings, thus, providing a new perspective to the typical sense of affordable housing. The attempt to connect the two worlds- affordable housing and minimalistic architecture- in a pragmatic manner shall open new avenues of research on diversified sites and scales
Políticas de permisos parentales en Chile y Suiza desde una mirada institucional y de género
Get PDFParental leaves are instruments of public policy to reconcile work and family life, providing support in time and money to parents with newborn children. Parental leaves allow parents to take a break from their paid work activity so that they can dedicate themselves to their care-work. Specifically, this study compares the parental leave policies of Chile and Switzerland from an institutional and gender perspective, analyzing similarities and differences in the dimensions of generosity, gender equity, and complementarity between care and paid work, and their implications for work-family policy. Using a cross-national comparative method, the results show that in Chile coexist a traditional and dual-earner gender arrangements and the parental leave policy limit the gender equity between parents. In Switzerland coexist a modified male breadwinner and dual-earner gender arrangements, and the parental leave policy support moderately the gender equity.Los permisos parentales son instrumentos de política pública para la conciliación trabajo y vida familiar, brindando apoyo en tiempo y dinero a padres y madres con hijos/as recién nacidos. Estos permisos les permiten hacer una pausa en su actividad laboral remunerada con el fin de que puedan dedicarse a su cuidado. Específicamente, este estudio compara las políticas de permisos parentales de Chile y Suiza desde una perspectiva institucional y de género, analizando similitudes y diferencias en las dimensiones de generosidad, equidad de género y complementariedad entre cuidados y trabajo remunerado, y sus implicancias en políticas trabajo y familia. Usando un método comparativo internacional, los resultados muestran que en Chile conviven un arreglo de género tradicional y de doble proveedor y una política de permisos parentales que limita la equidad de género entre padres. En Suiza conviven un arreglo de género tradicional modificado y de doble proveedor, y una política de permiso parental que promueve moderadamente la corresponsabilidad de género
Ley de Identidad de Género y personas menores de 14 años: historia de un desencuentro
Get PDFOn December 10, 2018, Law N°. 21.120 that recognizes and protects the right to gender identity was published. Despite the initial affirmation contained in that norm alluding to the fact that “every person” has the right to be recognized and identified according to their gender identity, the law excludes children under 14 years of age, makes them invisible and does not consider them capable, as far as the ownership of this right is concerned, in open contradiction to the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. In this way, what a priori should have meant a definitive advance, a decisive step to finally recognize the reality of trans people, regardless of their age, now should become a wake-up call to the Chilean legislator to rectify its position and adapt its regulations to the new current of thought that understands that there is nothing negative, strange or pathological in the decision of a child under the age of fourteen who freely decides to move towards a different gender identity from that established by the prevailing binary or dichotomous stereotypes in our social context. This is a brief legal dogmatic research, and the case method in those parts that include analysis of jurisprudence. The research question to be resolved is closely related to what were the motivations that led the legislator to leave out of the normative provisions the reality of trans girls and boys, as well as the practical consequences that the aforementioned decision has caused in their lives. To answer such questions, the structure of this article is divided into two large sections. The first addresses the treatment of the right to gender identity of girls and boys the Chilean legal system has been carrying out; the second, analyzes the effects caused by the absence in the Gender Identity Law, of the possibility of instigating the modification of the registration mention related to the sex of people who have not yet reached the age of fourteen. Finally, and as a conclusion, it is included a lege ferenda proposal that comes to reformulate the provisions contained in Law N°. 21,120, in the sense of incorporating all minors in the regulatory provisions, thereby guaranteeing respect and protection of their right to identity.El día 10 de diciembre de 2018 fue publicada en el Diario Oficial la Ley N°. 21.120 que reconoce y da protección al derecho a la identidad de género. Pese a la afirmación inicial contenida en dicha norma alusiva a que “toda persona” tiene derecho a ser reconocida e identificada conforme a su identidad de género, la ley excluye, invisibiliza y no estima como capaces, en lo que a la titularidad de este derecho se refiere, a las niñas y niños menores de 14 años, en abierta contradicción a lo dispuesto por la Convención sobre los Derechos del Niño. De esta suerte, lo que a priori debía suponer un avance definitivo, un paso determinante para reconocer, por fin, la realidad de las personas trans, con independencia de su condición etaria, debiera tornarse en un llamado de atención al legislador chileno para que más pronto que tarde rectifique su posicionamiento y adapte su normativa a la nueva corriente de pensamiento que entiende que no hay nada negativo, extraño o patológico, en la decisión de una niña o niño menor de catorce años que decida libremente transitar hacia una identidad de género distinta a la establecida por los estereotipos binarios o dicotómicos imperantes en nuestro contexto social.
El método utilizado para este breve estudio es el dogmático jurídico, con el método de casos en aquellas partes que incluyan análisis de jurisprudencia. La pregunta de investigación que trata de resolverse guarda estrecha relación con cuáles fueron las motivaciones que llevaron al legislador a dejar fuera de las previsiones normativas la realidad de las niñas y los niños trans, así como las consecuencias prácticas que dicha decisión ha provocado en sus vidas. Para dar respuesta a tales interrogantes, la estructura del presente artículo se divide en dos grandes bloques o apartados. El primero, aborda el tratamiento que del derecho a la identidad de género de niñas y niños viene realizando el ordenamiento jurídico chileno, mientras que, el segundo, analiza los efectos provocados por la ausencia los catorce años. Por último, y a modo de conclusión,se fine el trabajo con una propuesta de lege ferenda que viene a reformular las disposiciones contenidas en la Ley N°. 21.120, en el sentido de incorporar a “todas” las personas menores de edad en las previsiones normativas, garantizando con ello el respeto y protección de su derecho a la identidad
Phytochemical and microbiological analysis of developed Freeze dried Watermelon and Tomato powder
Get PDFFruits and vegetables are the prominent source of various nutrients as well as phytochemicals. Due to their higher water activity, they are prone to deterioration.The present study was conducted to prepare freeze dried powder mix of Watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris) and Tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill).Freeze drying or lyophilization is a method of food dehydration to make high quality food products without altering their colour, texture, flavour and nutritive contents. In this study, the phytochemical (qualitative and quantitative),microbiological and antioxidant capacity and lycopene content have been evaluated. For this analysis the variations of 10%,20%,30%,40% and 50% were prepared. Result shows a gradual increase in TPC, antioxidant capacity and lycopene content. The microbiological (bacterial and fungal) load for each variation was found to be constant for 45 days during 15 days interval
Food habits and the prevalence of obesity and hypertension among the students of federal college of agriculture, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
Get PDFObjectives: The purpose of this paper was to obtain data by investigating the relationship between the student’s food habits, obesity and hypertension status.
Methodology: A sample of 238 participants (males and females) were randomly selected from 7 Departments in a descriptive cross-sectional survey. A semi-structured, validated and pre-tested self-administered questionnaire was used to generate data on socio demographic, food dietary, food frequency and anthropometric characteristics (BMI and blood pressure).
Results
The study showed that 35.30% were resident in the hostel, 35.7% were ≥28 years of age, 41.2% of their parents had secondary education, while 31.9% of them earned pocket money of N30001 -N40000 on monthly basis. About 37.4% ate three times daily, 41.2% ate depending on where they are, 42.4% preferred eating their foods boiled, where 26.2% preferred fried foods. The respondents (34.9%) ate their lunch with friends. It was generally seen that a low percentage of them consumed alcohol beverages, beer was leading (29%) among all the listed alcoholic drinks. Noodles and bread were consumed more (50.0% and 43.2%), bambara groundnuts (okpa) (43.70%) and beans (30.25%) consumption. Yam and garri/fufu had 42.44% and 33.61% consumption respectively. Beef and frozen fish (52.52% and 48.32%). Water leaf and onions (53.78% and 51.68% respectively). Over half of the consumers in fruits had other fruits not listed (66.81%) while Plums had 51.68% consumption. Groundnuts (46.64%) and tigernuts (39.08%). Stimulating drinks and alcoholic drinks (39.92% and 32.77% respectively). Honey and sugar had low (26.89% and 20.19%) consumption among sweeteners. Biscuits and tapioca among snacks (51.26% and 42.89% respectively). Fried yam and chin-chin ((39.08% and 33.19% respectively). Over half of the percentage had normal BMI (66.8%) (18.5-25.5 kg/m2) where about half (54.8%) of the respondents had normal blood pressure (<120/<80 mmHg) followed by prehypertension (41.4%) (120-139.9/80-90mmHg).
Conclusion: There was no high negative impact of food consumption on the BMI and blood pressure of the students. Therefore, it could be deduced that the students feeding habits did not affect both their BMI and blood pressure
Inserción laboral en actividades por cuenta propia. Migrantes wixaritari y mazahuas en Aguascalientes, México, 1960-2020
Get PDFThis is a qualitative study based on ethnography. Two different ways of putting into circulation the sociocultural resources that have allowed indigenous migrants to engage in commercial activities on their own since the 1960s in the state of Aguascalientes, Mexico are contrasted. It is verified that these activities have been initiated, sustained and reproduced by the Wixaritari and Mazahuas thanks to the relations of peasantry, kinship and compadrazgo, (camaraderie) based on trust, flexibility and the maintenance of relationship with their communities of origin, as well as a differentiated use of their identity attributes. Se trata de un estudio de corte cualitativo apoyado en la etnografía, en el que se contrastan dos maneras distintas de poner en circulación los recursos socioculturales que han permitido a indígenas migrantes insertarse en actividades comerciales por cuenta propia a partir de la década de 1960 en el estado de Aguascalientes, México. Se constata que dichas actividades han sido iniciadas, sostenidas y reproducidas por los wixaritari y mazahuas gracias a las relaciones de paisanaje, parentesco, amistad y compadrazgo, basadas en la confianza, los tratos flexibles y el mantenimiento de relaciones con sus comunidades de origen, así como un despliegue diferenciado de sus atributos identitarios