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HIV Disclosure: Parental Perceptions in Disclosing Perinatally HIV Infected Children about their HIV Positive Status
No full textBackground: The increased access to antiretroviral treatment resulted in increased survival rates among the children infected with HIV/AIDs and also led to the improved quality of life of sero-positive children. The chronic medical conditions in the paediatric population pose a range of potential psychosocial challenges and also disclosure of HIV status to the positive children. The current study aimed to understand the Parental Perceptions on Disclosure of diagnosis to their HIV Positive Children. Methodology: For this purpose the researcher used qualitative method in which 13 parents were interviewed to understand the parental perception about disclosure of HIV status to their perinatally infected children and challenges in disclosure. Results and Conclusion: The results were analyzed used thematic approach. The findings of the study showed lack of understanding of importance of disclosing HIV status to their positive children, fears of post disclosure impact and lack of consensus among few parents regarding who should disclose HIV status to the infected children and adolescents.
Keywords: Children, disclosure, HIV/AIDS, perinatal, parent
Needs of Caregivers of Persons with Mental Illness: Rehabilitation Perspective
No full textIntroduction: Chronic nature of major mental illnesses can have a devastating impact on persons with mental illness (PWMI) and the caregivers. Rehabilitation is a long lasting phase of psychiatric treatment. The study focus on rehabilitation needs of the caregivers of PWMI attending psychiatric outpatient department at a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Rishikesh, Uttarakhand. A purposive sample of 100 caregivers of persons with mental illness was interviewed to assess rehabilitation needs. Information on socio-demographic profile and rehabilitation needs was ascertained by using a self-administered pre-tested questionnaire. Appropriate descriptive statistics was applied to formulate the results.
Results: Findings revealed that medical needs (10.04±2.61), self-care (10.11±2.48) and stress management needs (10.20±4.72) were more compared to others needs. Few caregivers reported the incidences of facing stigma at workplace and society (9.74±2.49) because of their ward’s mental illness. Further, it also revealed that needs related to peer/community support, development of right attitude towards the care of the PWMI and management for worries and apprehension due to the condition of PWMI are quite frequently reported rehabilitation needs by the caregivers.
Conclusion: A successful rehabilitation services always should be need based. Types and severity of disability of the PWMI will also play an important role in designing a structured rehabilitation programme. This study warrants further study based on large sample size to design successful rehabilitation services for persons with mental illness.
Keywords- Mental illness, rehabilitation, needs, caregive
Family Stress among Persons with Neurotic Disorders
No full textIntroduction: Family stress is a common phenomenon in our present social system. Sometimes it has been managed by the family members through their own dynamic life style but failing to cope up with their stress often resulted into neurotic disorders.
Methodology: The present study is a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Using random sampling method 92 samples were taken out of the total 871 persons with neurotic disorders attained the outpatient department (OPD) of Psychiatric Centre, Jaipur, India in one year. The required information was gathered through an interview schedule design for study.
Result: On the analysis of the data, it was found that more than one-third respondents having the conflict of various degrees with spouse; near one-fourth of the sample had inter-personal conflict with parental family of spouse (in-laws); one-fifth had conflict with other persons with his/her sibling and finally one-eight has conflict with their own parents. The cause of conflict with their family members was mainly due to environmental and economic tension in the nature of inter-personal relationships which creates stress in the family relationship. The impact of stress on body function was sleep disturbances in thirty per cent cases.
Conclusion: In the present study sample most of them were having interpersonal conflict in the family. The basic cause of the conflict was found to be due to environmental and economic tensions which affected the body function in the forms of sleep disturbance in thirty per cent cases.
Keywords: Family stress, neurotic disorder
Emotional disturbance and its treatment in a nutshell
No full textAttributes people's emotional disturbances to their commanding, dictating, or insisting that they achieve something and convincing themselves that it is awful, terrible, or horrible when they fail to achieve it. The solution is for people to accept empirical reality by merely preferring or wishing for things and by being merely displeased, frustrated, or disappointed if they do not occur.
Keywords: Emotional disturbance, treatment
Termination of case work-relationship: Some reflections
No full textDiscusses some of the considerations to be made when the process of case work does not terminate spontaneously. In many cases, the process can be structured temporally in such a way that closure proceedings may be begun once the problem is delimited. Given clear-cut indications of the client's basic readiness, the case worker should understand the client's ambivalence in terminating the relationship and should take the initiative in bringing up the topic. The following steps should be taken in the closure of a relationship: (a) reminding the client of the initially agreed upon time limits, (b) putting together a final summary statement with the client that provides him/her with a course of action, (c) providing for possible follow-up or referral, and (d) formal leave taking.
Keywords: Case work, termination, relationshi
A study of anxiety in school children as related to child-rearing attitude and some personality traits of parents
No full textExamined the relationships of personality traits and childrearing attitudes of parents to the anxiety of their children. An anxiety scale was administered to 160 10th- and 11th-grade Hindu school children. 40 "high" scorers (HAs) and 40 "low" scorers" (LAs) were selected. The Childrearing Attitude Scale, a scale of authoritarianism, the Rigidity Scale, and the anxiety scale were administered to the parents of both groups of Ss. Analysis of the data showed that the fathers of HAs were significantly more anxious, authoritarian, and rigid than the fathers of LAs or the mothers of HAs and that fathers of HAs had a significantly more favorable attitude toward strict discipline of the child. No significant differences were found on anxiety, rigidity, authoritarianism, or childrearing attitudes between the mothers of both groups or between the fathers and mothers of LAs. The anxiety, authoritarianism, and rigidity of the fathers but not the mothers showed significant positive relationships with their childrearing attitudes.
Keywords: Anxiety, children, child-rearing, personality traits, parent
Transcendental Meditation
No full textConsiders Transcendental Meditation (TM) as a nonprofessional psychotherapy. According to the theory of TM, all thoughts originate at the deepest, most refined level of consciousness. Each thought rises through the levels of the mind, becoming progressively more gross until it reaches the surface level of consciousness, the ordinary level of thinking, where it is cognized (i.e., appreciated) as a conscious thought. TM reverses the thought process, training the mind to experience thoughts at earlier and earlier stages of their development. Eventually the source level is reached, establishing contact with the principle of creative intelligence in humans. The resulting transcendence of all thought is said to increase the power of the conscious mind and bring about a state of pure consciousness or self-awareness. During meditation there is likely to be decreased metabolic activity, increased bodily relaxation, and increased interhemispherical synchronization. Reported effects of practicing the technique twice daily for 20 min over a period of months include a reduction of tension and neurotic symptoms and increased creativity. Practice of TM by psychiatric patients has been shown to expedite discharge and decrease the likelihood of readmission. Special techniques of meditation have been developed for the alleviation of specific physical or mental health problems.
Keywords: Transcendental Meditatio
A behaviour rating scale for the hospitalized psychiatric patients
No full textEvaluated an instrument designed to assess 8 major aspects of the adjustment of psychiatric patients hospitalized under Indian conditions. Ss were (a) an adjusted group of 30 male chronic psychotic patients matched for age, education, and duration of stay with (b) 30 nonadjusted Ss. The split-half method of reliability yielded high and significant internal consistency ratings of .74 for the adjusted patients and .90 and .87 for the NA patients and a second judge, respectively. Results support the validity of the instrument: The adjusted Ss scored significantly higher than did the nonadjusted Ss. A significant interrater reliability of .87 was obtained on the nonadjusted Ss. (5 ref)
Keywords: Behaviour, rating scale, hospitalized psychiatric patient
The relation between religious attitude and characteristics of personality
No full textAnalyzed 400 randomly selected male Hindu students at Ranchi University. Comparison of top quartile with the lowest quartile on a religious scale indicated significant differences between the most religious and least religious groups on anxiety, authoritarianism, conformity, and dependency.
Keywords: Religious attitude, personality characteristic
The right of psychiatric social workers to practice psychotherapy
No full textContends that the role of psychiatric social workers as psychotherapists should be recognized as a matter of right, and that they should have freedom to consult the expert psychiatrist in complicated cases. This will mean proper utilization of the talent available in the country for the benefit of humanity at large.
Keywords: Psychiatric social worker, psychotherapy, practice