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Convolutional Neural Network based Machine Learning for Ameloglyphics: A Forensic Analysis
Get PDFConvolutional Neural Network based Machine Learning for Ameloglyphics: A Forensic Analysis
Sanjana Shetty, Sowmya SV , Dominic Augustine, Saiprasad Alva, Mukul Saini Author Affiliations: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, MS Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, MSR Nagar, Bengaluru-560054, Karnataka, India.
Purpose:
Tooth prints, considered to be the hard tissue analogues of finger prints have been studied extensively over the years by manual and in some cases, digital methods. While Artificial intelligence and Machine Learning have witnessed a steady rise in their applications in various fields with promising results, its utility in ameloglyphics has not been tried and tested. This study employed Machine learning through Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to analyse enamel prints. The aim of this study was to analyse tooth prints through Convolutional Neural Network based technology and correlate the patterns with gender and age.
Methods:
The study was done on a sample size of 39 extracted deciduous teeth and 51 extracted permanent teeth. The surface of the teeth were acid etched and the enamel prints were taken by means of cellulose acetate strips. The obtained prints were photographed, subjected to manual analysis and classified into three patterns. CNN was then used for training and testing the data sets.
Results:
CNN was successfully trained and tested for its ability to identify and differentiate ameloglyphic patterns. Significant differences were observed between the enamel prints of the two genders and between the analysed age groups. Ameloglyphic patterns, being unique to individuals, act as aids in personal identification and hold immense value in mass disaster situations where soft tissues being friable are seldom preserved. Enamel being highly resilient and resistant to various degrading actions such as heat and acid, can be a crucial tool for human identification in such circumstances. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning based CNN for the analysis of these enamel prints can simplify and potentially replace the conventional methods.
Conclusions:
Ameloglyphics for personal identification is a significant forensic tool. Ameloglyphic analysis via CNN based machine learning was found to be accurate, cost effective and time efficient. The analysis of tooth prints by manual means can be a cumbersome process and the incorporation of AI and ML for the same, as observed in this study, can overcome this drawback. Hence, CNN for ameloglyphic analysis is a reliable tool
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f2: Transmission electron microscopy images of(a) E. coli O157:H7 bacteria, (b) AuNP-labeled E. coli O157:H7 bacteria without washing, (c) AuNP-labeled E. coli O157:H7 bacteria washed with PBS, (d) complex after the addition of HAuCl4 and NH2OH to AuNP-labeled E. coli O157:H7 bacteria.https://ecommons.roseman.edu/medimages/1002/thumbnail.jp
Confidence of Clark County Medical Students in Identifying Dermatologic Conditions on Different Fitzpatrick Skin Types
Get PDFRacial health disparities are apparent in the field of dermatology across the United States. Certain dermatologic conditions are more likely to go undiagnosed in people with skin of color (SOC), leading to increased morbidity/mortality. Underrepresentation of darker skin tones in medical education may be a contributing factor. This study explores the ability and confidence of TUNCOM students to recognize dermatological conditions on various skin tones.
A 23 question survey was given to 173 second year students to examine their ability and confidence in identifying dermatologic conditions on non-SOC (Fitzpatrick I-III) and SOC (Fitzpatrick IV-VI). Images of common skin disorders on different skin types were shown and students answered with a diagnosis and their level of confidence in their answer. Disorders included atopic dermatitis, basal cell carcinoma, melanoma, psoriasis, and tinea versicolor.
51% of students reported adequate exposure to dermatologic conditions in their medical training. For all dermatologic conditions presented, the proportion of correct SOC identifications was less than the proportion of correct non-SOC identifications. Levels of confidence in determining the correct diagnosis on SOC was lower than non-SOC, excluding atopic dermatitis and melanoma. 66% of students felt they had adequate exposure to conditions on SOC in their dermatology course. 32% of students felt that outside study resources had adequate numbers of images of dermatological conditions on SOC.
Our study demonstrates that students exhibit a lower level of accuracy and confidence in diagnosing dermatologic conditions on SOC. Addressing this proficiency gap is imperative in achieving equitable healthcare outcomes
Clinical success of restorations with bioactive and non-bioactive materials: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Get PDFThe oral cavity is a complex and dynamic environment with frequent pH and temperature changes that can affect the longevity of dental restorations. Consequently, bioactive restorative materials, capable of advantageous interactions with the oral environment and dental tissues, are promising alternatives. However, there is limited scientific evidence of their clinical performance. Therefore, we conducted this systematic review and network meta-analysis of clinical studies to address the research question: Does the clinical evaluation of restorations on permanent teeth with bioactive materials show greater success rates than those with non-bioactive materials
Investigating the phytochemicals in Sargassum (Brown algae) against the therapeutic targets of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Metastasized from Breast: An Approach
Get PDFABSTRACT:
Purpose: Oral metastases are relatively rare. In women, the most common oral metastases originate from breast cancer, the most diagnosed malignancy, and the second leading cause of death. Sargassum is a genus of brown algae which exhibits its natural therapeutic potential with anticancer properties. This study aimed to identify a therapeutic target for OSCC metastasized from breast cancer through network pharmacology and to evaluate potent phytochemicals against the identified target.
Methods: DEGs associated with OSCC and breast cancer were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus. The upregulated DEGs were then intersected to identify common targets between OSCC and BC. Simultaneously, compounds from Sargassum were collected from the CMNPD database, and their targets were predicted using the databases. Subsequently, networks illustrating compound–target and target–disease interactions, as well as protein-protein interactions (PPI) among targets, were constructed. MCODE analysis, gene ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment were carried out. Further screening of phytochemicals from Sargassum sp of brown algae involved ADME, molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, MM-GBSA, and quantum mechanics against the identified targets.
Results: A total of 5172 significant common upregulated DEGs were identified from datasets related to OSCC and breast cancer in geo databases. These findings suggest promising core targets identified through a protein-protein interaction network. Enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG pathways revealed potential involvement in inflammation, MyD88-independent, death receptor signaling, PIP3 activating, AKT signaling, and MAPK1/MAPK3 signaling pathways. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations further indicated strong binding affinity between active compounds and these potential core targets.
Conclusion: In the field of medicine, it\u27s crucial to find effective cancer treatments. This study focused on identifying natural phytochemicals in Sargassum (brown algae) for potential use against OSCC metastasized from breast cancer. The preference for these natural compounds over synthetic drugs is emphasized. Further research on animal models may validate these findings, offering a promising approach for addressing OSCC metastasized breast cancer in translational medicine
Piriformis Syndrome With a Variant Presentation
Get PDFPiriformis syndrome has long been a diagnostic quandary due to its tendency to present as other nerve-related conditions. Piriformis syndrome is commonly caused by entrapment of the sciatic nerve as it travels through the greater sciatic foramen due to hypertrophy of the piriformis muscle. However, its constellation of symptoms, including radiating pain down the thigh, can easily be mistaken for lumbosacral radiculopathy. This case report aims to address the misdiagnosis of piriformis syndrome which has prolonged pain for many patients and increased the cost of medical care. It demonstrates a 76-year-old female with a confounding presentation of piriformis syndrome: buttock pain radiating down the thigh and lower leg, a positive straight-leg test, and a positive FAIR test. The diagnosis was ultimately confirmed with intramuscular piriformis injection. This study highlights the diagnostic difficulties between piriformis syndrome and lumbosacral radiculopathy and can be used as a guide to help improve care for lower radicular pain patients
Deciphering Psilocybin: Cytotoxicity, Anti-inflammatory Effects, and Mechanistic Insights
Get PDFA decade of clinical research indicates psilocybin\u27s effectiveness in treating various neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression and substance abuse. The correlation between increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and the severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms, along with the known anti-inflammatory potential of some psychedelics, suggests an immunomodulatory role for psilocybin. This study aims to understand psilocybin\u27s mechanism of action by investigating the cytotoxic and immunomodulatory effects of psilocybin and psilocin on both resting and LPS-activated RAW 264.7 murine macrophages
Development Of A Portable and Rapid Decalcification Device For Oral Hard Tissue Specimens
Get PDFDecalcification is a routinely carried out procedure by oral pathologists, as the lesions involving the pulp can only be seen and identified through decalcified sections. The present methods involve usage of chemical agents, either with inorganic acids which dissolves the calcium to form soluble calcium salts or with chelating agents. Even though the chelating agents preserve the tissue morphology and show excellent microscopic picture, it has less diagnostic efficacy, as the time taken for it to decalcify the specimens is considerably high. It becomes important for us to develop a decalcification technique which will be faster and will maintain the balance between decalcification speed and tissue morphology. Hence, the aim of this study was to develop a portable rapid decalcification unit and compare the efficacy among all the three-decalcification procedure using teeth and bone specimens, namely the conventional method, microwave method and electrolytic method
Evaluating the Impact and Utility of Medicare Assistance Program (MAP) Training among Roseman University of Health Science Graduates
Get PDFMedicare Assistance Program (MAP) is a federally-funded initiative in Nevada that provides 1-on-1 counseling to Medicare beneficiaries. In 2016, Roseman University of Health Sciences partnered with MAP to establish an on-campus Medicare Call Center, offering unbiased counseling to beneficiaries. Health sciences students and professionals have an opportunity to attend the 2-day training to become certified MAP counselors. This study aims to investigate the long-term impact of MAP training on the professional practices and careers of Roseman University of Health Sciences (RUHS) graduates
Role of Mumio in periodontal wound healing–an in vitro study on human PDL cells
Get PDFMumio, used in ancient medicine for almost 4000 years, is the gold standard of traditional medicine. Mumio, a tar-like compound made from rock dissolved minerals and degraded organic matter, takes a century to form. Dibenzo-alpha-pyrones, humic acid, and fulvic acid are important in Mumio, which includes 60–80% humus, benzoic acid, fatty acids, ichthyol, ellagic acid, resin, triterpenes, sterol, aromatic carboxylic acids, bioactive 3,4-benzokoumarins, amino acids, phenol Active chemicals improve Mumio\u27s antioxidant effects. Despite its anti-ulcerogenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, memory-enhancing, and anxiolytic characteristics, mumio has been studied rarely on oral tissues. The present study examined the cytotoxic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and reparative effects of the aqueous fraction of Mumio on primary cultures of human periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts