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Automated Micronuclei Detection in Exfoliated Oral Epithelial Cells of Smokers using Image Analysing Softwares
Get PDFMicronuclei assay yields an excellent path to monitor individuals or populations exposed to mutagenic, genotoxic or teratogenic events. Micronuclei are small nucleic structures formed due to the deposition of nuclear envelopes around lagging chromosomes that persist in the interphase. Mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and N-nitrosamines are believed to be responsible for the formation of micronuclei. Hence, micronuclei detection in exfoliated oral epithelial cells of smokers is a significant biomarker for genotoxicity and to identify cellular changes of biological importance to carcinogenesis. While studies have been conducted for the detection of micronuclei in smokers, they may easily be missed in regular histopathological sections when viewed under the microscope. Automation of micronuclei detection can prove to be a relatively convenient, accurate and time saving process. An artificial intelligence-based software, MATLAB, is a more refined and precise tool used in recent times for image analysis. This study aimed at employing MATLAB for micronuclei detection in exfoliated cells of smokers
Birth Progression Monitoring Device
Get PDFOver the last two decades, there has been an increase in the number of cesarian sections performed in the United States both planned and unplanned. To help reduce the rise in unplanned cesarian sections we have developed a device that will give physicians and other medical professionals more information about where the fetus is in the birth canal in real time. This current study aims to test the accuracy and usability of the prototype birth progression monitor on birth simulations
Distinguishing Leukemic Cells Using Fractal Chromatin Patterns and Machine Learning
Get PDFOne of the most important tests in the clinical laboratory is the Complete Blood Count, which involves identifying the white blood cells in a patient’s blood. The respective counts of the different white blood cell types correlate with various states of health and disease, and are critical to diagnosing diseases such as leukemia. Leukemic cells are considered especially difficult to distinguish, and it is of the upmost importance that these cells are identified correctly. To aid in the process of leukemic cell identification, we quantified fractal patterns in the chromatin of white blood cells and used the data to identify cells with a random forest algorithm. By distinguishing between cells with the help of a machine learning algorithm, we hope to improve accuracy and efficiency in the clinical laboratory and more easily identify leukemic cells
Evaluating the Impact of Low-Level Laser Therapy on Accelerating Orthodontic Tooth Movement
Get PDFThe prolonged duration of orthodontic therapy is a primary concern for patients. Low-Level Laser Therapy can accelerate bone remodeling and thus, orthodontic tooth movement. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of Low-Level Laser Treatment (LLLT) in enhancing the rate of orthodontic tooth movement during en-masse retraction
Establishing Optimal Tools for an Anatomy Laboratory on the Six-Point Mastery Learning Model
Get PDFRoseman University of Health Sciences (RU) is establishing a new College of Medicine in Southern Nevada with the goal of transforming Medical Education and Healthcare delivery. To this end, facilities and resources for an integrated anatomy education need to be established, considering best practices for anatomy education. At Roseman University the six-point learning mastery model is at the center of the process of delivering the study materials. This combination of anatomy lab design and educational resources, i.e., plastinated human organs, anatomical models, simulators and virtual anatomy tools, within our block curriculum, will allow for an innovative and inclusive competency-based anatomy education
De Novo Microdeletion Spanning YWHAE and CRK in an Individual with Intellectual Disability and Stunted Growth
Get PDFIn this report, we present a case of a 20-year-old female with congenital intellectual disability, stunted growth, and hypothyroidism. Competitive genetic hybridization (CHG) revealed a loss of a portion of 17p13.3 at least 195 Kb in size, not present in either parent. This area of chromosome 17 is associated with Miller-Dieker Syndrome (MDS) and Isolated Lissencephaly Sequence (ILS), but these conditions are related predominantly to PAFAH1B1, which is not included in the patient’s deletion
Shilajit elicits apoptosis and suppresses cell migration in oral cancer cells through targeting Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR) and chemokine signaling pathways
Get PDFShilajit (Mumio) is a humic substance with a dark brown colour that comes from rocks found at high altitudes. For centuries, shilajit has been a widely employed traditional medicinal remedy to address various physical ailments. Given the prevalence of oral cancer, there is a growing need for more effective therapies in its treatment.
In this in vitro study, the impact of shilajit on normal human gingival fibroblast cells (hGFs) and oral cancer cells (KB-1, subline of the KERATIN-forming tumor cell line HeLa) was compared. The MTT and Annexin-V tests were used to measure the KB-1 cells growth and apoptosis after they were exposed to varying concentrations of Shilajit for 24h. An inverted microscope was used to evaluate the shilajit treated cell morphology. On the other hand, AO/EtBr dual staining was employed to analyse cellular apoptosis quantitatively. ROS production analysis was carried out utilizing DCFH-DA staining, while the gene expression of proapoptotic and antiapoptotic proteins was assessed through real-time PCR
EFFICACY OF SUTURE VERSUS SUTURELESS TECHNIQUE AFTER PERIODONTAL FLAP SURGERY – A SPLIT MOUTH STUDY
Get PDFSuturing is an integral part of periodontal flap surgery, but it has disadvantages such as difficulty in maintaining oral hygiene, increased post-operative discomfort, and higher infection rate. To overcome these problems, a search for an alternative like tissue adhesives, possibly a sutureless technique has been experimented. The aim of the study was to compare the stability & healing properties after periodontal flap surgery using tissue adhesive and surgical sutures
LSTM-based Recurrent Neural Network Predicts Influenza-like-illness in Variable Climate Zones
Get PDFPurpose: Influenza virus is responsible for a recurrent, yearly epidemic in most temperate regions of the world. For the 2021-2022 season the CDC reports 5000 deaths and 100,000 hospitalizations, a significant number despite the confounding presence of SARS-CoV-2. The mechanisms behind seasonal variance in flu burden are not well understood. Based on a previously validated model, this study seeks to expand understanding of the impact of variable climate regions on seasonal flu trends. To that end, three climate regions have been selected. Each region represents a different ecological region and provides different weather patterns showing how the climate variables impact flu transmission in different regions.
Methods: An LSTM-Based recurrent neural network was used to predict influenza-like-illness trends for three separate locations: Hawaii, Vermont, and Nevada. Flu data were gathered from the CDC as weekly influenza-like-illness (ILI) percents. Weather data were collected from Visual Crossing and included temperature, UV index, solar radiation, precipitation, and humidity. These weather data sets were chosen based on previous work results and a literature search. Data were prepared and the model trained as described previously.
Results: All three regions showed strong seasonality of flu trends with Hawaii having the largest absolute ILI values. Temperature showed a moderate negative correlation with ILI in all three regions (Vermont = -54, Nevada = -0.56, Hawaii = -0.44). Humidity was moderately correlated in Nevada (0.47) and weakly correlated with ILI in Hawaii (0.22). Vermont ILI did not correlate with humidity. Precipitation and wind speed were weakly correlated in all three regions. Solar radiation and UV index showed moderate correlation in Vermont (-0.33, -0.36) and Nevada (-0.5263, -0.55) however only weak correlation in Hawaii (-0.15, -0.18). When trained on the complete data set model performance at +1 week was comparable to the previously validated model.
Conclusions: Preliminary results indicate that temperature is a moderate predictor of ILI rates. Additionally, humidity, solar radiation, and UV index present promising prediction variables. Initial modeling attempts revealed acceptable performance in all regions. While seasonality appeared similar in each region, differences in correlation with weather variables may reveal variability in the driving forces behind ILI rates
Assessment of condylar morphology in various facial types-cbct study
Get PDFMandibular condyle being part of the TMJ complex, its volume and shape play a pivotal role in treatment stability and outcomes in orthodontic and orthognathic patients over long term periods. Different loading patterns would result in different morphology of the TMJ. The association with different facial types and understanding the relationship between condylar position, morphology and jaw base divergence is limited. This study’s objective is to assess the condylar structure which includes condylar height, width and height of the fossa in different jaw base divergences.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in which 90 patients undergoing Orthodontic treatment were selected and allocated into 3 groups of 30 each namely Hypodivergent, Normodivergent and Hyperdivergent based on Frankfort mandibular plane angle. Patients satisfying the inclusion criteria were subjected to the lateral cephalogram and CBCT under standard resolution and FOV of 8 x 8 cm2 with the teeth in maximum intercuspation. On the obtained DICOM image ten anatomical landmarks were marked and analyzed using the Carestream imaging software. The results were then statistically analyzed using ANOVA.
Hypodivergent individuals have condyles which are larger in size and larger condylar axis angles. Whereas, hyperdivergent individuals have more superiorly positioned condyles. This relationship has to be considered while planning orthodontic treatment