Al-Kindi Center for Research and Development (KCRD) (E-Journals)
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Legal Personality of Robots
No full textDeveloping a well-defined legal framework for robots is vital in this age of rapid advancement in technology. Such regulation is important not only to protect patient rights, but also to encourage responsible technological innovation and maximize the potential of robotics. In my research on the legal personality for robots, given the novelty of the topic and scarcity of specialized references, the research was conducted through extrapolating and analyzing related systems and regulations in the field of technology, in addition to studying relevant academic research on legal personality. A range of perspectives and trends were reviewed regarding granting legal personality to robots. The research began with the topic of legal personality in general, then discussed the notion of granting legal personality to robots between proponents and opponents. It also examined the position of countries and international organizations on robot legal personality, which have not yet recognized independent robots as legal persons since robots do not possess finances separate from their manufacturing companies, nor full autonomy from their human makers and operators. It was emphasized that granting legal personality to any entity requires a specific criterion which is the capacity to acquire rights and duties, assume obligations, and legal personality for robots is mainly attributed to the principle of appropriateness, legal necessity and their ability to act with a degree of consciousness and independence, which reinforces the likelihood of their committing harmful acts, causing damage to others. Given the treatment of robots in most countries as objects, the European Parliament put forward the human agent theory. Therefore, legislators should intervene to establish a clear legal framework that defines the legal nature of robots in a way that protects patient interests without discouraging companies and inventors from innovating to maximize the benefits of robotics and artificial intelligence technologies
Comparing Machine Learning Techniques for Detecting Chronic Kidney Disease in Early Stage
No full textIn medical care, side effect trial and error processes are utilized for the discovery of hidden reasons for ailments and the determination of conditions. In our exploration, we used a crossbreed strategy to refine our optimal model, improving the Pearson relationship for highlight choice purposes. The underlying stage included the choice of ideal models through a careful survey of the current writing. Hence, our proposed half-and-half model incorporated a blend of these models. The base classifiers utilized included XGBoost, Arbitrary Woods, Strategic Relapse, AdaBoost, and the Crossover model classifiers, while the Meta classifier was the Irregular Timberland classifier. The essential target of this examination was to evaluate the best AI grouping techniques and decide the best classifier concerning accuracy. This approach resolved the issue of overfitting and accomplished the most elevated level of exactness. The essential focal point of the assessment was precision, and we introduced a far-reaching examination of the significant writing in even configuration. To carry out our methodology, we used four top-performing AI models and fostered another model named "half and half," utilizing the UCI Persistent Kidney Disappointment dataset for prescient purposes. In our experiment, we found out that the AI model XGBoost classifier gains almost 94% accuracy, a random forest gains 93% accuracy, Logistic Regression about 90% accuracy, AdaBoost gains 91% accuracy, and our proposed new model named hybrid gains the highest 95% accuracy, and performance of Hybrid model is best on this equivalent dataset. Various noticeable AI models have been utilized to foresee the event of persistent kidney disappointment (CKF). These models incorporate Naïve Bayes, Random Forest, Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine, K-nearest neighbor, LDA (Linear Discriminant Analysis), GB (Gradient Boosting), and neural networks. In our examination, we explicitly used XGBoost, AdaBoost, Logistic Regression, Random Forest, and Hybrid models with the equivalent dataset of highlights to analyze their accuracy scores
Securing Against Advanced Cyber Threats: A Comprehensive Guide to Phishing, XSS, and SQL Injection Defense
No full textIn an era dominated by digital connectivity, the proliferation of advanced cyber threats poses a formidable challenge to organizations worldwide. This comprehensive guide delves into the intricacies of safeguarding against three prevalent and insidious threats: Phishing, Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), and SQL Injection. The guide begins by dissecting the anatomy of phishing attacks, exploring the psychological tactics employed by threat actors to manipulate individuals into divulging sensitive information. It provides an in-depth analysis of various phishing techniques and offers practical strategies for both individuals and organizations to fortify their defenses against these deceptive practices. Moving on to XSS vulnerabilities, the guide elucidates the mechanics behind this web application threat. It offers a detailed exploration of how attackers exploit code injection to compromise user data and system integrity. The guide provides a robust framework for developing secure coding practices, implementing web application firewalls, and conducting regular security audits to detect and mitigate XSS vulnerabilities. The third facet of defense focuses on SQL injection, a persistent threat to database-driven applications. The guide elucidates the intricacies of SQL injection attacks, emphasizing the potential impact on data confidentiality and integrity. Practical measures for securing databases, input validation, and the use of parameterized queries are extensively discussed to empower organizations in safeguarding against SQL injection threats. Throughout the guide, a holistic approach to cybersecurity is advocated, emphasizing the integration of technological solutions, employee training, and proactive risk management. Real-world case studies and practical examples enrich the content, providing a valuable resource for security professionals, developers, and decision-makers striving to fortify their digital assets against the ever-evolving landscape of advanced cyber threats
Analysis of Project-based Speaking Worksheet Integrated with ICT on the Needs of Business Administration Students
No full textThis article presents a needs analysis conducted among 103 third-semester Business Administration students at the State Polytechnic of Ujung Pandang. The aim was to identify their necessities, lack and wants regarding English language learning to design practical English-speaking worksheets using a Project-Based Learning (PBL) model integrated with Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The data were obtained from a questionnaire as a primary source. The findings revealed that students encountered significant problems in speaking aspects, as demonstrated by the majority of students’ responses falling into the ‘poor’ category, including vocabulary 69.9%), pronunciation (62%), fluency (45.6%), and grammar (49.5%). Additionally, students strongly desired innovative learning materials and worksheets to engage them more effectively in the learning process. Specifically, they emphasized the importance of incorporating visually appealing graphics and interactive audio-visual elements to make the learning experience more engaging and enjoyable. This need analysis is a starting point for further development of the English speaking worksheet
Evaluation of Inclusive Education Programs in Kindergartens Stage in Light of Global Ethical Standards: The Perspective of Parents of Students with Disabilities
No full textThis Study aimed to assess inclusion education programs in the kindergarten stage in Jordan, focusing on global ethical standards from the perspective of parents of students with disabilities. The sample consisted of families with 66 disabled children enrolled in government or private kindergartens in Amman. To achieve this, the researchers developed a questionnaire evaluating the application of global ethical standards by integrated kindergarten teachers. The questionnaire comprised 27 indicators distributed across two dimensions: ethical standards related to the teacher\u27s relationship with the disabled child and ethical standards related to the teacher\u27s relationship with the family of the disabled child. The results indicated a high level of adherence to global ethical standards in integrated kindergarten education programs, with no statistically significant differences attributed to the type of kindergarten (government/private). The statistical analysis revealed elevated ratings for the ethical standards related to the teacher child relationship, except for the item "possesses classroom management skills in controlling and adjusting the behavior of disabled children," which received a moderate rating. Descriptive statistics for the ethical standards related to the teacher\u27s relationship with the families of disabled children showed high levels overall, except for two items: "assists families in building family support networks with other families and benefits from them in developing their children\u27s education process" and "has sufficient information about family support institutions, associations, and organizations providing assistance and facilities for families of disabled individuals and guides them to these resources," both rated at a moderate level
Training Translator on Campus and after Graduation
No full textTraining translators is an important issue that can be more difficult than learning a new language. Students of translation have to deal with different texts. Translating these different texts requires dealing with various types of dictionaries. There is self-training based on some books that claim to teach translation without a teacher. This type of book for learning translation without either guidance or an instructor cannot be trusted. However, there is another type of organized training provided by educational institutions where the translation teachers deal with each text in order to teach the students how to deal with words, textual and grammatical characteristics, and the methods suitable for translating the texts. The time needed for training differs depending on the goal of training, from a few weeks to several months. Translation training is no longer limited to the texts only but also to the translation technologies: Google, Microsoft and other computer-assisted technologies. Training translators in Libyan universities is still far from machine translation, which makes it complicated and does not give any optimism towards increasing translation projects. The translation between Arabic and other languages is very limited; this happens because no funding is allocated for bringing these technologies and also for training itself. Training is not limited to the knowledge of the source and target languages but also to proofreading and finding the exact equivalence for the source text. It also includes training on dealing with various types of texts coming from different cultural environments
EFL Classroom Presentation Anxiety and Foreign Language Anxiety Among Chinese College Students: Based on Tobias\u27 Model
No full textThis study aimed to explore Chinese college students\u27 anxiety when conducting English presentations and its correlation with anxiety in the three stages of English learning. Using a questionnaire survey, this study collected data on college students\u27 anxiety when performing English presentations and analyzed the relationship between these data and anxiety in the three stages of Tobias\u27 Model. This study is the first to correlate and analyse presentation anxiety with Tobias\u27 Model, which fills the research gap in the related field. The findings show that college students generally have high presentation anxiety and feel anxious at different stages, including input, process and output. In addition, it is found that presentation anxiety is closely related to all stages, with the strongest link to the output stage. Based on the results of the study, this paper puts forward suggestions for the presentation session in the English classroom for college students
The Effect of Self-identity and Positive Emotion Intervention on College Students\u27 English Reading Study on the Correlation between Test Scores
No full textThe aim of this study was to investigate the impact of self-identification and positive emotion intervention on college students\u27 English reading comprehension. In the context of globalization, proficiency in English reading is crucial for effective cross-cultural communication and career advancement. However, previous research has primarily focused on the influence of self-efficacy on long-term learning, neglecting the examination-specific utilization of psychological adjustment strategies (such as positive emotional intervention) and its correlation with test performance and scores among students. Therefore, this study posits that through psychological adjustment and alleviation of test anxiety, positive emotional intervention and self-identification can facilitate improvements in English reading comprehension skills as well as enhance test coping abilities. A total of 61 non-English major college students were randomly selected and divided into two groups: “moderate self-identification group” and “high self-identification group”. Each group was further subdivided into an intervention group and a control group. The statistical software SPSS was employed to conduct descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, cluster analysis, and difference analysis in order to elucidate the relationship between positive emotions, self-identification, and English reading scores. These findings aim to provide novel insights for both the education industry and the psychological field. The results revealed that positive emotion intervention significantly influenced students\u27 English reading test scores across different levels of self-identification. Specifically, students with a moderate level of self-identification exhibited improved performance after receiving positive emotion intervention, whereas those with a high level of self-identification maintained better performance without additional situational motivation. Furthermore, it was observed that reading materials of varying difficulty levels also impacted reading comprehension at an intermediate level of English proficiency. Overall, this study confirms the efficacy of positive emotion intervention in assisting students in effectively coping with challenges and enhancing their accuracy
Controlled Childhood and the Moulding of the Children\u27s Characters; Critical Analysis of Oliver Twist, David Copperfield, Hard Times, and Great Expectations
No full textThis study reads Charles Dickens\u27s Oliver Twist, David Copperfield, Hard Times, and Great Expectations as "condition of England novels" by applying realism and naturalism theories, which focus on "parole". The term referred to by Ferdinand de Saussure in language acquisition to mean "performance". This paper addresses how Charles Dickens uses the term "parole" to refer to children\u27s performance under social influences. Through his works, Dickens shows that the environment plays an elementary role in building children\u27s characters as they grasp knowledge from their surroundings. They interact with the social environment, which fosters or hinders their development. Childhood is a crucial stage in the development of societies. Through the portrayal of children in Oliver Twist, David Copperfield, Hard Times, and Great Expectations, Dickens highlights the ordeals and suffering of children in the nineteenth century and shows the plight of the Industrial Revolution as it damaged the essential block of Victorian society. Accordingly, schools, factories, streets, workhouses, teachers, masters, and parents all of these take part in the formation of the child’s character. Children during that time faced different types of social pressures that affected their characters and future lives. This study investigates Dickens’ embedded message, showing how childhood is not only a stage of playing but is also important and influential in the performance and shaping of the child’s character
Slavery between Greed and Survival in Solomon Northup’s Twelve Years a Slave
No full textSolomon Northup\u27s Twelve Years a Slave is a powerful memoir and slave narrative that reveals the barbarity and inhumanity of the 19th-century American slave trade. Through his firsthand account of being kidnapped and sold into slavery, Northup exposes the greed, deceit, violence, and subjugation that drove white slave traders and masters to dehumanize and commodify black people for their own economic gain. Northup\u27s narrative sheds light on the brutality of slavery and how it stripped both enslaved people and white slaveholders of their humanity. The book illustrates the horrors of slavery, from the physical and emotional abuse inflicted upon enslaved people to the use of religion to justify and uphold the system of slavery. Northup\u27s narrative emphasizes the helplessness, impotence, and oppression of black slaves, particularly those who were born free but were abducted and sold into slavery like himself. Ultimately, the book reflects the resilience and determination of enslaved people to survive in a violent, oppressive, and hostile world