Al-Kindi Center for Research and Development (KCRD) (E-Journals)
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Exploring the Role of Task-Based Language Teaching in Enhancing Communicative Competence
No full textThis study explores the effectiveness of Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) in enhancing learners\u27 communicative competence, particularly in developing fluency, accuracy, and interaction skills. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature, the study identifies key components of TBLT, such as task design, the task cycle, and feedback processes, which contribute to its effectiveness. The research also addresses the challenges faced by educators in implementing TBLT, including task design complexity, resource limitations, and the need for specialized teacher training. The study highlights the positive impact of TBLT on learners\u27 communicative abilities, while also emphasizing the importance of contextual adaptation to overcome implementation barriers. The findings suggest that, despite its challenges, TBLT offers significant benefits for language learning, making it a valuable approach for developing communicative competence in diverse educational settings. Future research is recommended to further explore the long-term effects of TBLT and its application in resource-limited contexts
Exploring Functions of Literary Code-Switching in Bangsamoro Short Fiction
No full textThis study analyzed the functions of literary code-switching in select multilingual short fiction from the Bangsamoro Literary Review, which prominently uses code-switching in Filipino, Arabic, and Meranaw in mainly English-written stories. Building upon the framework of Djeghoubbi et al. (2023), this study investigated the occurrence of literary code-switches and their functions, including referential/lexical needs, vocatives, expletives, quotations, and more. It employed descriptive research design through quantitative and qualitative analysis of the switches. Specifically, the occurrence of switches is manually recorded and counted in the corpora, which were analyzed using textual analysis. Findings reveal that 184 total switches are identified in the Bangsamoro short fiction. The story Five Days at Ina’s House has the greatest number of switches, comprising 50 switches across three languages. There are 94 total switches under the referential/lexical need, 26 switches for quotation function, 24 for clarification and elaboration, 12 switches under set phrase function, 12 switches for vocative function, six switches for tags and exclamation function, three switches for linguistic routine function, and three switches each for expletive function and directive function. Interestingly, no switches function as triggered switches, commentary, and repetition, emphasis, and idioms. These conclude that culturally specific terms demonstrate the inclusion of culture in language and contribute significantly to the authenticity and cultural richness of literary works produced in BLR
Emotional Factors in Saudi EFL Learning: The Impact of Anxiety, Motivation, and Classroom Dynamics
No full textThis study investigates the role of emotionally responsive teaching in mitigating anxiety, fostering motivation, and enhancing confidence among Saudi EFL learners. Using a quantitative survey approach, data were collected from 140 learners to assess their perceptions of emotional engagement in language learning. The findings reveal that emotionally supportive teaching strategies significantly reduce foreign language anxiety (62% agreement), enhance motivation (80% agreement), and promote learner confidence (80% agreement). Interactive methods such as peer collaboration, role-plays, and culturally relevant teaching were found to be effective in reducing apprehension and increasing engagement. Despite these positive findings, 63% of learners reported fear of making mistakes, suggesting a persistent challenge in language learning. The study emphasizes the need for emotionally inclusive classroom practices, including low-stakes speaking activities, teacher reinforcement, and peer mentoring programs, to create a more supportive and engaging EFL learning environment. Policy-level recommendations include the integration of emotional intelligence strategies into national EFL curricula, professional development programs for teachers, and increased focus on student well-being in second language acquisition. These findings contribute to the growing body of research on the intersection of language learning and emotional engagement, offering insights for educators, policymakers, and curriculum designers to enhance language education in Saudi Arabia
Implications of Human Values and Ethnicity in O Henry\u27s the Last Leaf, Oscar Wilde’s the Selfish Giant and the Rattrap by Selma Lagerl
No full textThe paper discusses themes related to human values and ethnicity in O. Henry\u27s The Last Leaf, Oscar Wilde\u27s The Selfish Giant, and Selma Lagerlöf\u27s The Rattrap. This paper is symbolic in describing these narratives as routes to empathy, selflessness, and transformation across cultural and social boundaries. Each story focuses on a protagonist who, due to moral dilemmas experienced, undertakes acts that could be described as kindness, sacrifice, or redemption. While in the case of The Last Leaf, the self-sacrifice of Behrman turns out to symbolize resilience and hope as a reflection of the struggle of immigrant communities. Wilde\u27s Selfish Giant underlines love\u27s redemptive power when it transforms because the giant finally shows a huge need for other people and compassion. In Lagerlöf\u27s The Rattrap, the transformation of the peddler has happened from cynicism to redemption through human kindness amidst the criticizing materialism. These two tales together show how, behind ethnically and culturally diverse covers, universal human values-compassion, pardon, and benevolence-indeed bond people and inspire their growth
Income Diversification and Profitability in Selected Latin American Countries
No full textDue to global trends and increasing competition in the banking industry, banks are diversifying to non-intermediation activities. However, diversification of income may have implications for bank performance. We investigate the impact of bank income diversification on banks\u27 profitability in Latin America. We take data from 7 Latin American nations (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, México, Paraguay, Peru, and Venezuela) for the period of 2012-2022. Our results indicate that diversification improves bank profitability. Policymakers and bank managers should promote income diversification for the long-term sustainability of bank performance
Implementation of Talent Mapping Through the IKIGAI Concept Self-Assessment System of Human Resources Competencies in Welcoming Indonesia Gold 2045
No full textAlong with Indonesia\u27s efforts to realize the vision of Golden Indonesia 2045, there is an urgent need to equip university graduates with competencies that are in line with the demands of a dynamic business and industrial environment (DUDI). This imperative is increasingly relevant in the context of Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0, where technology, innovation, and social integration play an important role in economic activities. Therefore, human resources are needed who not only have technical skills but are also able to adapt to rapid social and economic transformations. The method to be used is the PAR (Participatory Action Research) Method. This research reveals students\u27 preferences and enthusiasm for technology-based activities as well as the potential for their hobbies to develop into careers.
Realizing a Just City in Kebon Kacang: Integrating Social Justice in Urban Design
No full textUrban development has historically prioritized economic growth and real estate expansion, often neglecting principles of social justice. This paper examines the integration of equity, diversity, and democracy in urban planning using Susan Fainstein’s just city framework. Focusing on Kebon Kacang, a neighborhood in Jakarta, the study highlights disparities between luxury commercial developments and the working-class population that sustains them. The area’s informal economic activities, particularly street vendors, contrast sharply with the surrounding high-end commercial hubs, exposing gaps in urban inclusivity.
The research identifies key challenges such as unequal resource distribution, lack of affordable public spaces, and limited participation of marginalized communities in urban planning. Drawing on theories from Fainstein, Lefebvre, and Harvey, the study underscores the need for policies that ensure equitable access to urban resources. It advocates for inclusive public spaces, rent controls, and participatory governance as means to mitigate gentrification and social exclusion. Methodologically, the study employs qualitative approaches, including interviews with local workers, vendors, policymakers, and urban planners. Findings reveal that despite economic prosperity, the absence of integrated urban policies exacerbates socio-spatial inequalities. The paper proposes a community-based development model, integrating sustainable infrastructure, economic empowerment, and environmental management to create a more just city. By prioritizing social equity alongside economic progress, cities can foster inclusive urban environments where all residents, regardless of socioeconomic status, can thrive. This research contributes to the discourse on urban justice by providing policy recommendations for integrating fairness, accessibility, and participation in urban development. It emphasizes that just city principles must guide urban planning to balance economic interests with the well-being of diverse communities, ensuring sustainable and equitable urban growth
Correlation between Axial Length and Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy: Axial Length and Diabetic Retinopathy Progression
No full textDiabetes mellites (DM) can cause various eye issues, like a higher chance of getting cataracts. But the most common and serious problem is diabetic retinopathy. Some researches indicate that with every additional millimeter in axial length, there is a 19% reduction in the prevalence of DR. On the other hand, another study conducted to investigate the relationship between axial length and retinal involvement in patients with diabetes show different result that patients with retinopathy had shorter axial lengths than did patients without retinopathy. This study aims to investigate the potential correlation between ocular axial length and the progression of diabetic retinopathy in individuals with diabetes. A prospective cross-sectional randomized study designed to evaluate the relationship between axial length and the diabetic retinopathy (DR) for 105 eyes diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus and having Diabetic Retinopathy in any stage, all case was attending and seeking routine eye examinations at Benghazi Eye Teaching Hospital. They underwent a complete ophthalmic evaluation, by slit lamp bio-microscopy, and a detailed fundus examination. Axial length measurement for all eyes using an A-scan Ultrasonography 12 Megahertz (MHz) focused probe (Ellex Eye Cubed i3 Ultrasound). In our investigation concerning patients diagnosed with diabetes, When analyzing the relationship between the duration of diabetes in years and the progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR), it was observed that as the duration of diabetes increases, the severity of DR also tends to increase. And we observed a heightened prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) among those with shorter ocular axial lengths. significant at a 0.01 level, underscores an inverse association between ocular axial length and DR prevalence
The relationship of hydrogen bond formation with solubility increment of poorly soluble drugs
No full textThe study of drug solubility provides an information about the structure and the nature and strength of intermolecular forces of drug molecules. There are different augmentation techniques for improvement of the solubility of the poorly soluble compounds. These techniques can improve their solubility by different mechanisms. One of them including the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the drug and another hydrophilic compound or solvent. Also these bonds can be resulted from change the drug structure into a salt or prodrug form. Which has more tendency for intermolecular hydrogen bonding with water molecules. Hence will largely increases their solubility. Others include only break or weakened the intramolecular hydrogen bonding that is present among the molecules of these drugs
Responsive Strategy on Healthcare Workforce Transformation Needs in Saudi Arabia: The Case for Innovation in Vocational Education and Training
No full textSaudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 outlines ambitious reforms to establish a sustainable and efficient healthcare system. Central to this transformation is the Model of Care (MOC), which delivers patient- and population-centered services across six systems of care. Yet, persistent workforce shortages and competency gaps among local health practitioners threaten to undermine these goals. Vocational education and training (VET) framed within a functional career shifting approach has emerged as a strategic lever to develop national talent, reduce reliance on expatriates, and provide defined career pathways. This study assesses VET’s effectiveness in meeting the Kingdom’s healthcare workforce transformation needs. A combination of policy and program analysis comprising: (i) a systematic review of Saudi Vision 2030 healthcare directives, MOC guidelines, and Saudi Commission for Health Specialties (SCFHS) - Health Academy reports (May 2025 data); (ii) comparative case studies of WHO’s Treat–Train–Retain model and the EU Quality Assurance Framework for VET; (iii) descriptive statistics on enrolment, graduation, and employment outcomes; and (iv) development of a logic model to map inputs, activities, outputs, and outcomes. Semi-structured interviews with SCFHS officials and private-sector partners enriched the contextual analysis for alignment to the practical relevance within Saudi Vision 2030 health sector transformation program. Towards mid-2025, the Health Academy’s VET program had enrolled between 40,000 and 45,000 trainees, and produced 30,000 to 33,000 graduates, with up to 93 percent securing employment in healthcare roles. Five core enablers emerged: (i) capacity building through competency-based and simulation-enhanced curricula; (ii) structured role redefinition underpinned by regulatory support; (iii) ongoing career progression through modular lifelong-learning pathways; (iv) integration of digital tools (telemedicine platforms, AI-driven diagnostic simulations) for flexible training delivery; and (v) robust public–private partnerships aligning curricula with industry needs. Application of the IDEAL model (Initiate, Draw Up, Elevate, Loop, Action) facilitated continuous program refinement. A logic model projects enhanced equitable access, sustainable workforce scaling, and alignment with national healthcare priorities. The findings illustrate that VET, operationalized through functional career shifting, effectively strengthens Saudi Arabia’s healthcare workforce in line with MOC and Saudi Vision 2030 objectives. Policy implications include expanding modular VET to underserved regions through digital platforms, deepening public-private partnership governance for co-developed curricula, and leveraging predictive analytics for dynamic workforce planning. Future research should evaluate the long-term impacts on service quality, staff retention, and cost-effectiveness, particularly within decentralized health clusters