Jurnal Online Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum (UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya)
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Konstruksi Fikih Kebangsaan Nahdlatul Ulama: Kajian terhadap Peran NU Perspektif Fiqh Siyasah
Full text linkNational jurisprudence is actually a response to the discourse on the relationship between religion and the State. Some Islamic groups who have the view of Islamic religious and political unity (al-Islam din wa daulah) that the three concepts are a complete and inseparable unity. The others said that the unity of religion and the State had ended when finally of al-Khulafa 'al-Rashidun. This matter when contextualized in Indonesia also becomes a long debate about the shape of the Indonesian state. Some want Islam to be the basis of the state and others want a nation-state. This is where national jurisprudence emerges as a way of looking at the relationship between religion and the State. Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) as an Islamic organization since the beginning of the emergence of the State has very strong national fiqh nuances. NU's acceptance of the nation-state as a form of State is evidence of this. With this manhaj fiqh siyasah, NU introduced the building of national political arguments without leaving Islamic teachings. Indonesia as a plural country is certainly the choice of the nation-state is the most ideal choice because it can minimize the potential for discrimination.
Abstrak: Fikih kebangsaan merupakan respons atas wacana hubungan agama dan Negara. Sebagian kelompok memandang bahwa agama dan politik Islam (al-Islam din wa daulah) merupakan kesatuan yang utuh tak terpisahkan. Sebagian lain menyatakan bahwa kesatuan agama dan Negara itu sudah berakhir dengan selesainya al-Khulafa’ al-Rashidun. Dan ketika dikontekstualisasi di Indonesia menjadi perdebatan yang cukup panjang tentang bentuk Negara Indonesia. Sebagian menghendaki agar Islam menjadi dasar negara dan sebagian yang lain menghendaki nation-state. Di sinilah kemudian muncul fikih kebangsaan sebagai cara pandang dalam melihat hubungan agama dan Negara. Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) sebagai organisasi Islam sejak awal munculnya Negara sudah sangat kental nuansa fikih kebangsaannya. Penerimaan NU atas nation-state sebagai bentuk Negara menjadi bukti akan hal itu. Melalui manhaj fiqh siyasah ini, NU mengenalkan bangunan argumentasi politik kebangsaan tanpa meninggalkan ajaran Islam. Indonesia sebagai Negara yang plural tentu pilihan nation-state merupakan pilihan yang paling ideal karena dapat meminimalisasi potensi diskriminasi.
THE URGENCY OF SOCIO-LEGISLATION IN PROVIDING LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF MARITAL CHEATING
Full text linkThe desire to accommodate marital cheating as a despicable act and against the law has not been properly accommodated in the law enforcement process, even though this has long been developing and has many victims in society. Offenders are often only considered despicable acts specific to the parties involved with the victim, limited to the scope of the household. In fact, according to the results of the study conducted in the writing of this paper, various legal responsibilities of actors have been well accommodated in Indonesian social norms, and possible to arrest actors from the perspective of legislation. Therefore, the study of actors cannot be reduced to only those that limit themselves to written legal provisions by using the paradigm of the legality aspect of legal sources in determining crimes and acts against the law alone. This paper proves that marital cheating is not just a despicable act prohibited by social norms but also shows the various court judgments that have been made in resolving the marital cheating dispute
LAW ENFORCEMENT OVER AIR POLLUTION TO BRING ABOUT SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGS) : (A CASE STUDY ON AIR POLLUTION IN PALANGKARAYA, CENTRAL KALIMANTAN)
Full text linkForest fires in Indonesia have led to devastating effects on the environment and caused air pollution, and this issue needs to be addressed immediately. The involvement of law enforcers should play an essential role in such a case since they serve as the guidelines to solve environmental issues according to Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Management and Protection. This research seeks to analyze law enforcement over air pollution resulting from forest fires and the necessity to enforce environmental law to allow for sustainable development goals (SDGs). With normative-juridical methods, this research discovered that issues such as forest fires departed from poor environmental law enforcement in Indonesia that fails to bring about significant changes for sustainable development. This weakness has lured the people in Indonesia to overlook the current law, coupled with poor supervision given by the government apparatuses, precluding the environmental law from being appropriately enforced. People's participation is required to enforce the environmental law to tackle air pollution caused by forest fires. The condition is expected to improve with the agenda of fixing existing issues, particularly the environmental problems for better sustainable development.
Keywords: law enforcement, air pollution, sustainable development goal
Hukum Bermain Catur Menurut Mazhab Syafi’i dan Mazhab Maliki
Full text linkAbstract: This article discusses the laws of playing chess according to the Syafi'i and Maliki schools. This research is library research and qualitative. Data were collected through the books of the mazhab Syafi'i and Maliki scholars, then the collected data were analyzed descriptively comparatively. The Syafi'i school argues that the law of playing chess is makruh as long as it is not accompanied by gambling, dirty speech, and obligatory worship. The Maliki school argues that playing chess is haram because it is similar to dice. Based on the comparative analysis, the Syafi'i school and the Maliki school agree that it is forbidden to play chess if it is accompanied by gambling and if it causes dirty speech and neglects obligatory worship. The two schools differ in their opinion regarding the law of playing chess that the Syafi'i mazhab requires playing chess based on the fiqh rule "everything is allowed" and there is no clear passage about the law of playing chess. Meanwhile, the Maliki school of law forbids playing chess by accepting it with dice games.
Keywords: Chess, Syafi'i school, Maliki school, Islamic law, comparative.
Abstrak: Artikel ini membahas tentang hukum bermain catur menurut mazhab Syafi’i dan mazhab Maliki. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pustaka dan kualitatif. Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui kitab-kitab karya ulama mazhab Syafi’i dan ulama mazhab Maliki, kemudian data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara deskriptif komparatif. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa mazhab Syafi’i berpendapat bahwa hukum bermain catur adalah makruh jika tidak disertai dengan judi, perkataan kotor dan melupakan ibadah wajib. Mazhab Maliki berpendapat bahwa bermain catur hukumnya haram. Permainan catur sama dengan permainan dadu. Berdasarkan analisis komparatif, mazhab Syafi’i dan mazhab Maliki sepakat mengharamkan bermain catur jika disertai dengan judi, dan jika menyebabkan keluarnya ucapan kotor dan melalaikan ibadah wajib. Kedua mazhab tersebut berbeda pendapat dalam hal hukum bermain catur, bahwa mazhab Syafi’i memakruhkan bermain catur berdasarkan kaidah fikih “al-ashl fi al-ashya’ al-ibahah/segala sesuatu adalah boleh”, karena tidak ada nas yang secara jelas menjelaskan tentang hukum bermain catur. Sedangkan mazhab Maliki mengharamkan secara mutlak hukum bermain catur dengan mengqiyaskannya dengan permainan dadu.
Kata Kunci: Catur, mazhab Syafi’i, mazhab Maliki, hukum Islam, komparasi
Analisis Upaya Pencegahan Fintech Syariah terhadap Dana Tidak Halal dari Investor
Full text linkThis study aims to analyze sharia fintech on the implementation of investing in technology-based lending and borrowing services. How is the sharia fintech mechanism for the acceptance of potential investors as lenders in the company by applying the principle of recognizing customers as regulated by the Financial Services Authority Regulation, the principle of recognizing customers that is applied in sharia fintech is the same as other financial service providers who do not run their services with the help of digital technology. The process, which is easy, fast and only through communication means, requires sharia fintech to apply the principle of prudence in accepting customers, including identifying potential investors who will buy investment products. This aims to prevent all kinds of financial crimes that could be committed by investors.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa fintech syariah terhadap pelaksanaan berinvestor dalam layanan pinjam meminjam uang berbasis teknologi. Bagaimana mekanisme fintech syariah terhadap penerimaan calon investor sebagai pendana dalam perusahaannya dengan menerapkan prinsip mengenali nasabah yang diatur Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan, prinsip mengenali nasabah yang diterapkan dalam fintech syariah sama terhadap penyedia jasa keuangan lainnya yang tidak menjalankan pealayanannya dengan bantuan teknologi digital. Prosesnya yang mudah, cepat dan hanya melalui alat komunikasi, mewajibkan fintech syariah menerapkan prinsip kehati-hatian dalam menerima nasabah termasuk juga mengenali calon investor yang akan membeli produk investasi. Hal ini bertujuan untuk menghindarkan segala macam kejahatan keuangan yang bisa saja dilakukan oleh investor
Sejarah Sosial Talak di Depan Pengadilan Agama dalam Undang-Undang Perkawinan di Indonesia
Full text linkArticle 39 paragraph (1) of Law Number 1 of 1974 on Marriage and Article 115 of the Compilation of Islamic Law states that divorce must be carried out before the court. Of course, the existence of these regulations cannot be separated from the socio-historical aspects of the promulgation of these regulations. This article, which examines the practice of talak from the colonial period to independence, concludes that first, since the Dutch colonial era until Indonesia's independence, talak has been practiced without involving the state apparatus, but that the incident must be recorded. Law Number 22 of 1946 concerning the Registration of Marriage, Divorce and Reconciliation was then promulgated for Java and Madura, enacted in Sumatra in 1949 and comprehensively implemented in the territory of the Republic of Indonesia in 1954. Second, there was an acculturation of the recording of divorce and the trial of divorce came into effect when the law Marriage is promulgated
Tinjauan Filsafat Hukuman dalam Islam terhadap Overspel dan Zina
Full text linkThe article aims to examine the legal philosophy that underlies the punishment of overspel written in article 284 of the Indonesia Criminal Code and zina in Islamic criminal law. Apart from studying its philosophical grounds, this article also seeks to understand the differences between overspel and zina. This article is a literacy study with interviewing several sources regarding their understanding of both overspel and zina. The results showed that there are connections between the community's view of the definition of zina and overspel. Overspel is a part of zina in its broader meaning. Zina categorised into zina al-lamam, namely all immoral act, zina muhshon, which is illegal sexual intercourse by married couples and zina ghairu muhshon for unmarried people. Overspel fall into the second category, namely zina muhshon. The legal philosophy that underlies zina is utilitarian principles, a punishment which aims to achieve future effects such as deterrent influence on society and a rehabilitative result for zina ghairu muhshon. Whereby overspel based on personal losses and regarded as a complaint offence
Implementasi Perma No. 4 Tahun 2020 tentang Persidangan Perkara Pidana Secara Elektronik
Full text linkThe world of justice has undergone a very drastic change, the practice of conventional trials must switch to online courts (electronic). Electronic Criminal Case Trials in accordance with Supreme Court Regulation (PERMA) Number 4 of 2020, there are still many juridical and technical obstacles. There are reform factors in the law, as well as the implementation of electronic criminal case trials, with the aim of being fast, simple and low-cost, limiting detention time, limiting case settlement time, the Covid-19 pandemic, in order to accommodate the interests of judicial and law enforcement agencies. other laws as well as the effectiveness and efficiency of the criminal proceedings. The Supreme Court issues technology-based regulations, namely Supreme Court Regulation (PERMA) Number 4 of 2020 concerning Electronic Criminal Case Administration and Trial, which is expected to provide solutions in the settlement of criminal cases in the law enforcement process. implemented easily and based on simple and low cost.
Abstrak: Dunia peradilan telah mengalami perubahan yang sangat drastis, Praktek persidangan konvensional harus beralih kepada Persidangan online (elektronik). Persidangan Perkara Pidana Secara Elektronik sesuai Peraturan Mahkamah Agung (PERMA) Nomor 4 Tahun 2020 masih banyak ditemukan kendala-kendala yuridis maupun teknis. Adanya faktor-faktor pembaharuan dalam hukum, serta pemberlakuan persidangan perkara pidana secara elektronik, dengan tujuan asas cepat, sederhana dan biaya ringan, adanya pembatasan waktu penahanan, pembatasan waktu penyelesaian perkara, adanya pandemik Covid-19, maka guna mengakomodir kepentingan lembaga peradilan dan penegak hukum lainnya serta efektivitas dan efisiensi proses beracara perkara tindak pidana Mahkamah Agung menerbitkan peraturan berbasis tehnologi yaitu Peraturan Mahkamah Agung (PERMA) Nomor 4 Tahun 2020 Tentang Administrasi dan Persidangan Perkara Pidana Secara Elektronik yang diharapkan dapat memberikan solusi dalam penyelesaian perkara pidana dalam proses penegakan hukum dapat dilaksanakan dengan mudah dan berasaskan sederhana dan biaya murah
DNA As The Determination of Descendant of Children Outside of Marriage Under The Perspective of Ibn Taimiyyah
Full text linkThe focus of this study was ibn Taimiyyah's ijtihad on the status of children outside marriage and its correlation with the determination of DNA as normative evidence of child status. The purpose of the research was to find out the results of Ibn Taimiyyah's ijtihad related to the position of children outside marriage and its correlation to the determination of DNA as a valid child status. This type of research is in the form of a literature study ijtihad Ibn Taimiyyah in Majmu' Fatawa's book using descriptive deductive analysis. The determination of child' in Islamic perspective has significant meaning, with resolution can be known relationship between child and father. His Father's decision is the first right of a child when it is born into the world that must be fulfilled. According to Ibn Taimiyyah, adulterous children can still be recognized by unfaithful men and have mahram relationships with both parents. Adulterous children have mahram relationships with the man, provided that the man realizes the adulterous child as his son. Then according to Ibn Taimiyyah's view, civil relations, both inheritance, living, and guardianship of unfaithful children with adulterous men who admit the child is severed due to adultery, Ibn Taymiyyah's opinion has a solid correlation with the verdict of Mk No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010, namely the affirmation of his father of an unmarried child having a blood relationship and civil relations with his biological father and father's family as evidenced by DNA tests. The legal relationship of an out-of-wedlock child with his biological father gives rise to the right and obligation in return
Memotret Praktik Pengurusan Izin Poligami di Pengadilan Agama Kelas 1.A
Full text linkThis research addressed the permit application for polygamy at a religious court (A Case Study at the Religious Court of Class 1-A Pontianak). The research aimed to analyze the following three aspects: the rule, procedure, and verdict process of the permit application for polygamy at the Religious Court of Class 1-A Pontianak. The data of this qualitative research were obtained from the research field. Then the data were narrated and analyzed through methodological steps and ended with a conclusion. The findings showed that, first, the rule of the permit application for polygamy is based on normative rule of legislations in Indonesia and relevant standard operating procedure. Second, the permit application process for polygamy begins with the submission of the application along with required attachments; and third, the verdict of polygamy permission is made according to the steps of trial and mediation. Based on the prosecution presenting parties at different times except for applicant and respondent, the judge makes a verdict to accept or reject the permit application for polygamy