Jurnal Online Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum (UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya)
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MORALITY ISSUES IN THE ISLAMIC CRIMINAL LAW AND THE INDONESIAN CRIMINAL CODE DRAFT UNDER THE PERSPECTIVE OF MAQASID AL-SHARI’AH
Full text linkThis is a bibliographical research to highlight the moral issues in the Islamic Criminal Law and the Indonesian Criminal Code Draft, such as pornography, acts of adultery, cohabiting, prevention of pregnancy and abortion, and rape on the perspective of maqasid al-shari’ah”. The intersection between the principles of the Islamic Criminal Law and those of the Criminal Code Draft in Indonesia can be seen from a transformative relationship occurs substantively and contextually through the five features in daruriyyat al-khamsah of the theory of maqasid al-shari’ah. In addition, the transformation of the two legal systems can also be measured through the three basic concepts that exist in the Islamic Criminal Law namely zawajir (repressive), jawabir (preventive), and ta’dib (educative) while still pays attention to the universal values such as justice (al-‘adalah), freedom (al-hurriyyah), equality (al-musawah), wisdom (al-hikmah), and human kindness (masalih al-‘ibad)
Optimalisasi Peran Komisi Pemilihan Umum (KPU) dalam Mewujudkan Pemilu yang Demokratis di Indonesia
Full text linkThe General Election Commission (KPU) is an institution that carries out the function of organizing elections in Indonesia. In addition to the KPU, there are institutions that also play an important role in the implementation of elections and are closely related to the existence of the KPU, namely survey institutions that carry out quick count processes. The survey institutions in a number of developing countries, especially those that are actively building democracy, are also not a little doubted by their moral honesty, at least being sued with a critical attitude such as the existence of a poll on the existence of a political survey institution, which has resulted in an attitude of uncertainty about the performance survey agency. This condition makes people less confident in the survey results which are considered no longer independent. It is proven that every time an election is held, a number of survey institutions seem to want to lead public opinion towards certain contestants. This is certainly very unfortunate considering that the survey results are one of the important instruments in democracy.
Abstrak: Komisi Pemilihan Umum (KPU) merupakan lembaga yang menjalankan fungsi sebagai penyelenggara pemilu di Indonesia. Selain KPU, terdapat lembaga yang juga berperan penting dalam pelaksanaan pemilu dan terkait erat dengan eksistensi KPU, yakni lembaga survei yang melakukan proses hitung cepat (quick count). Berbagai lembaga survei yang ada di beberapa negara berkembang yang sedang giat melakukan proses demokratisasi, tidak sedikit yang diragukan kejujuran moralnya di kalangan masyarakat dengan berbagai pandangan dan sikap kritis yang tidak sedikit menghasilkan sikap kegamangan atas kinerja dari lembaga survei tersebut. Kondisi yang ada ini membuat masyarakat kurang memberikan kepercayaan kepada hasil yang diberkan oleh lembaga survei yang dinilai tidak lagi independen. Hal tersebut terbukti dalam berbagai kesempatan dalam penyelenggaraan pemilu, sejumlah lembaga survei yang ada memberikan kesan ingin menggiring opini publik kepada kontestan tertentu. Hal tersebut tentu sangat disayangkan mengingat bahwa hasil survei merupakan salah satu instrumen penting dalam demokrasi
Hukum Euthanasia menurut Hukum Islam dan Hukum Indonesia
Full text linkAbstract: This article discusses euthanasia from Islamic Law and Indonesian law perspectives. This research is a type of library research. The nature of the research uses descriptive and comparative methods. The results of the study resulted in two conclusions. First, Islamic Law explains that euthanasia is an act (jarimah) category of suicide that is included in the crime of criminal acts. In the context of Indonesian law, euthanasia is considered a prohibited act. The act still qualifies as a criminal act, that is, as an act that is threatened with crime for those who violate the prohibition. Second, in the comparative analysis of euthanasia from the perspective of Islamic Law and Indonesian law, there are similarities and differences. The similarity between euthanasia arrangements in Islamic Law and Indonesian Law is that euthanasia is equally categorized as a crime against life. At the same time, the difference between euthanasia in the perspective of Islamic Law and law in Indonesia lies in sanctions. In Euthanasia, according to criminal law in Indonesia, the sanction, as stated in Article 344 of the Criminal Code, is a maximum prison sentence of 12 years, while in euthanasia, according to Islamic law, the sanction is qisas (the perpetrator is killed).
Keywords: Euthanasia, Islamic law, MUI, legislation.
Abstrak: Artikel ini membahas tentang euthanasia menurut Hukum Islam dan hukum di Indonesia. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian normatif dan berjenis penelitian pustaka. Sifat penelitiannya dengan menggunakan deskriptif dengan menggunakan metode analisis komparatif. Hasil penelitian menghasilkan dua kesimpulan. Pertama, hukum Islam menjelaskan bahwa euthanasia merupakan suatu tindakan (jarimah) kategori bunuh diri yang termasuk dalam kejahatan tindak pidana. Pada konteks hukum Indonesia, euthanasia dianggap sebagai perbuatan yang dilarang. Perbuatan tersebut termasuk sebagai tindakan pidana yaitu sebagai perbuatan yang diancam dengan pidana bagi siapa yang melanggar larangan tersebut. Kedua, dalam analisis komparatif euthanasia perspektif hukum Islam dan hukum di Indonesia, terdapat persamaan dan perbedaan. Persamaan pengaturan euthanasia dalam Hukum Islam dan Hukum Indonesia adalah euthanasia sama-sama dikategorikan sebagai kejahatan terhadap nyawa. Sedangkan Perbedaan euthanasia dalam perspektif Hukum Islam dan hukum di Indonesia terletak pada sanksi. Euthanasia menurut hukum pidana di Indonesia, sanksinya sebagaimana tercantum dalam Pasal 344 KUHP adalah hukuman penjara paling lama 12 tahun sedangkan euthanasia menurut hukum Islam sanksinya adalah diqisas (pelakunya dibunuh).
Kunci: Euthanasia, hukum Islam, MUI, undang-undang.
Penegakan Hukum Lingkungan terhadap Pencemaran Udara Akibat Aktivitas Industri di Kabupaten Gresik
Full text linkIn Law No. 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management, it is explained that the environment is a unitary space with all objects, power, circumstances, and living things, including humans and their behavior, which affect nature itself, the continuity of life, and human welfare. and other living things. But the fact is that the environment around us has been damaged and polluted. In Gresik, for example, the large number of industries in the Gresik area makes Gresik the area with the worst air quality with a threshold level of air pollution, this is based on the results of monitoring the ambient air quality in the East Java region. Based on data held by DLH Gresik, this happens because there are still many industries that pollute and damage the environment, even though there are rules that prohibit business actors from taking actions that can damage and pollute the environment. Writing this journal is intended to find out how effective law enforcement by DLH Gresik is against air pollution due to industrial activities and what are the obstacles faced by DLH Gresik in enforcing the law against air pollution.
Abstrak: Dalam UU No.32 Tahun 2009 Tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup, dijelaskan jika lingkungan hidup merupakan kesatuan ruang dengan semua benda, daya, keadaan, dan makhluk hidup, termasuk manusia dan perilakunya, yang mempengaruhi alam itu sendiri, kelangsungan perikehidupan, dan kesejahteraan manusia serta makhluk hidup lainnya. Tetapi kenyatannya saat ini lingkungan sekitar kita sudah banyak yang rusak dan tercemar. Di Gresik saja misalnya, banyaknya industri di wilayah Gresik membuat Gresik menjadi daerah dengan kualitas udara terburuk dengan tingkat pencemaran udara yang diambang batas, hal itu didasarkan pada hasil pemantauan kualitas udara ambien di wilayah Jawa Timur. Berdasarkan data yang dimiliki DLH Gresik, hal ini terjadi karena masih banyaknya industri yang melakukan pencemaran dan kerusakan lingkungan, padahal sudah ada aturan yang melarang para pelaku usaha melakukan tindakan yang dapat merusak dan mencemari lingkungan. Penulisan jurnal ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana efektivitas penegakan hukum oleh DLH Gresik terhadap penemaran udara akibat aktivitas industri serta apa saja kendala yang dihadapi oleh DLH Gresik dalam menegakkan hukum terhadap pencemaran udara
Implementasi Pasal 183 KHI dalam Pembagian Harta Waris pada Surat Perjanjian Bermaterai (Perspektif Maslahah Mursalah)
Full text linkThis study purpose to describe the amicable inheritance distribution system in a letter of agreement by implementing Article 183 KHI. The research methods used are library research and field research. The techniques used in this study were compiled from text studies and interviews with several heirs. From the results of this study, it is known that: First, the legal basis that allows the distribution of inheritance to be carried out peacefully by way of deliberation in Indonesia is Article 183 of the KHI, even so, it is in accordance with the concept of mas}lah}ah mursalah}. Second, the technical distribution is the stages of division by fara>id} first, then the distribution in a peaceful family manner. The distribution technique is carried out wisely, peacefully, and based on the principle of kinship which has been agreed upon and made in a stamped agreement letter. In addition, the technical distribution represents the principle of balanced justice, where the heirs divide the inheritance according to their needs and uses wisely.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tentang sistem pembagian waris secara damai dalam surat perjanjian dengan mengimplementasikan KHI Pasal 183. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yakni library reseacrh dan field research. Teknik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dihimpun dari telaah teks dan wawancara beberapa ahli waris. Dari hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa: Pertama, dasar hukum yang membolehkan pembagian waris dilakukan secara damai dengan jalan musyawarah di Indonesia adalah Pasal 183 KHI, pun demikian sudah sesuai, dengan konsep mas}lah}ah mursalah}. Kedua, teknis pembagiannya yakni dengan tahapan pembagian secara fara>id} terlebih dahulu, kemudian pembagian secara damai kekeluargaan. Teknis pembagian yang dilakukan secara bijaksana, damai, dan berdasarkan asas kekeluargaan yang telah disepakati dan dibuat dalam surat perjanjian bermaterai. Selain itu, teknis pembagian tersebut merepresentasikan asas keadilan berimbang, dimana ahli waris membagi harta waris sesuai keperluan dan kegunaan dengan bijaksana
Hafalan dan Pengajaran Alquran sebagai Mahar Pernikahan Menurut Mazhab Hanafi dan Mazhab Syafi’i
Full text linkAbstract: The complex development of the application of Islam has entered into various lines of life, including marriage. One of the growing trends in this millennial era is to make memorizing or reading the Koran use a marriage dowry for young people. However, many apply this only to fulfil their prestige without knowing the legal basis. Does this study discuss the opinion of the Hanafi School and the Shafi'i School in responding to the use of memorizing the Qur'an as a marriage dowry? Then what is the main argument for the two major schools of thought in determining opinions regarding memorizing the Qur'an as a marriage dowry? This research is descriptive-analytical with a comparative approach. The results of this study, Imam Shafi'i and the Shafi'i school, argue that the use of memorization and teaching of the Qur'an as a marriage dowry is permissible as long as the bride and groom express their willingness. Meanwhile, Imam Abu Hanifah and the Hanafi school stated that memorising and teaching the Qur'an as a marriage dowry is legally damaged (fasad) and must be replaced with a mitsil dowry.
Keywords: dowry, marriage, memorization, teaching.
Abstrak: Perkembangan kompleks tentang penerapan agama Islam telah masuk ke berbagai lini kehidupan termasuk dalam pernikahan. Salah satu tren yang berkembang di zaman milenial ini adalah menjadikan hafalan atau bacaan Alquran sebagai mahar pernikahan bagi muda-mudi. Namun banyak yang menerapkan hal tersebut hanya untuk memenuhi gengsi tanpa mengetahui bagaimana dasar hukumnya. Penelitian ini membahas tentang bagaimana pendapat Mazhab Hanafi dan Mazhab Syafi’i dalam menyikapi penggunaan hafalan Alquran sebagai mahar pernikahan? Lalu dalil apakah yang menjadi dasar argumen utama bagi kedua mazhab besar tersebut dalam menentukan pendapat terkait penggunaan hafalan Alquran sebagai mahar pernikahan? Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif-analitis dengan pendekatan komparatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini, Imam Syafi’i dan mazhab Syafi’i berpendapat bahwa penggunaan hafalan dan pengajaran Alquran sebagai mahar pernikahan itu dibolehkan selama kedua mempelai menyatakan kerelaannya. Sedangkan Imam Abu Hanifah dan mazhab Hanafi menyatakan bahwa penggunaan hafalan dan pengajaran Alquran sebagai mahar pernikahan status hukumnya adalah rusak (fasad) dan harus diganti dengan mahar mitsil.
Kata Kunci: mahar, pernikahan, hafalan, pengajaran.
Pembaharuan Hukum Acara Pidana Melalui Mekanisme Afdoening Buiten Process
Full text linkLaw of Criminal procedure is a framework for law enforcement officers to carry out law enforcing duties in enforcing the law, which contained in the Criminal Procedure Code. In its development, reforms needed in the Criminal Procedure Code. One of which is by adopting a mechanism or provisions for the settlement of cases out of court or Alternative Dispute Resolution (afdoening issuer process). This article aims to examine the significance of reform in the penal system in Indonesia. Through the spirit of actualising justice, usefulness, and legal certainty in criminal law, the author tries to describe the systematic problems of punishment in Indonesia. Also, the author uses several approaches, including a statutory, a conceptual, and a case approach. The results of the study reveal that the Indonesian criminal system enriched with corporal punishment. As the purpose of punishment adopted by the Indonesian is a combination of distributive theory and utilitarian theory, the emergence of Prosecutor's Regulation Number 15 of 2020 concerning Cessation of criminal Prosecution Based on Restorative Justice is the practical strategy to produce justice, benefit and legal certainty
Analisis Ijārah, Wadī’ah dan Maslahah terhadap Transaksi Penyimpanan Darah Tali Pusat Bayi di Rumah Sakit Mitra Keluarga Darmo Satelit Surabaya
Full text linkThis research is field research that discusses the transaction of storing a baby's umbilical cord blood that occurs at the Darmo Satelit-Surabaya "Mitra Keluarga" Hospital in the theoretical perspective of maslahah (benefits), Ijārah (lease) and Wadī'ah (savings). This study proposes two problem formulations, namely: first, a description of the baby's umbilical cord blood storage transactions that occurred at the Darmo Satelit-Surabaya "Mitra Keluarga" Hospital. Two, analysis of maslahah, Ijārah, and Wadī'ah on transactions for storing baby's umbilical cord blood at the Darmo Satelit-Surabaya "Mitra Keluarga" Hospital. The results of the study concluded that the hospital stores umbilical cord blood that has been cut and stored through stem cell transplantation and cell therapy. From the perspective of Ijārah, Wadī'ah, and maslahah, the practice is permissible because there is no element of garār and gives maslahah for human life.
Fiqh Daruri: Kajian terhadap Aspek Daruri pada Pemberian Vaksin Rubella terhadap Masyarakat Muslim di Aceh
Full text linkThe development of science and technology has been able to do things that may have been considered impossible in the past. So the orientation of fulfilling the needs of life from things that initially only consider the daruriyyat aspect in the sense of survival shifts to things that lead to improved quality of life in the long run. One of the impacts of the development of science and technology is the discovery of the rubella vaccine. However, the vaccine is declared positive to contain pig enzymes, so it is not surprising that there are pros and cons among Muslims about whether or not the use of the vaccine is halal, given the consequences that seek to avoid the vaccine is not directly felt (more to preventive efforts). While on the other hand the consequences that will be felt by children who are not given vaccines are also no less worrying. Based on this issue, this study is directed to find the criteria daruri (primary/emergency) of each party that is pros and cons of the provision of the vaccine, along with the evidences, and supporting rules used.
Abstrak: Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi telah mampu melakukan hal-hal yang mungkin dianggap mustahil pada masa lalu. Sehingga orientasi pemenuhan kebutuhan hidup dari hal-hal yang pada awalnya hanya mempertimbangkan aspek daruriyyat dalam pengertian untuk bertahan hidup bergeser kepada hal-hal yang mengarah pada peningkatan kualitas hidup dalam jangka panjang. Salah satu dampak dari perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi adalah penemuan vaksin rubella. Tetapi, vaksin tersebut dinyatakan positif mengandung enzim babi, sehingga tidak mengherankan jika timbul pro dan kontra di tengah-tengah umat Islam tentang halal atau tidaknya penggunaan vaksin tersebut, mengingat akibat yang berusaha untuk dihindari dari vaksin tersebut tidak langsung dirasakan (lebih kepada upaya preventif). Sementara pada sisi lain akibat yang akan dirasakan oleh anak-anak yang tidak diberikan vaksin juga tidak kalah mengkhawatirkan. Berdasarkan persoalan tersebut, penelitian ini diarahkan untuk menemukan kriteria daruri (primer/emergency) dari masing-masing pihak yang pro dan kontra terhadap pemberian vaksin tersebut, beserta dalil-dalil, dan kaidah pendukung yang digunakan.
Perkawinan Semarga Masyarakat Batak Angkola: Implementasi Hifẓ Al-‘Ird dan Hifẓ Al-Nasl Pada Sanksi Adat
Full text linkFor the Angkola Batak Muslim community, the clan is one of the identities used in traditional events. People who share the same ancestor are considered the same ancestor and are still blood relatives. Therefore, clan marriage is a very taboo and sensitive matter in society. This study aims to reveal clan marriages in the Angkola Batak Muslim community and analyze changes in sanctions through maqāsid sharī`a. This study uses a qualitative method with the type of field research. The data was collected through observation, interviews, documentation and tracing several other references relevant to the research theme. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. The study results explain that customary holders and the community provide sanctions for everyone who performs clan marriages. Namely, expelled from his hometown and not permitted to live in society. However, along with the changing times, the expulsion was changed by paying a fine in money. Furthermore, in implementing the practice of fines containing hifẓ an-nasl and efforts to preserve local wisdom in the community structure. Because clan marriages can damage the system of dalihan na tolu as a social philosophy of the Angkola Batak tribe