Journal of Science and Inclusive Development (JSID)
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The role of social factors in facilitating pro-social behavior among Arsi Negelle Preparatory school students, Ethiopia
Get PDFThe main aim of this study was to investigate the role of social factors in facilitating pro-social behavior among Arsi Negelle Preparatory school students. The research employed crosssectional research design of quantitative method. Out of 1170 grade eleven and twelve students, 299 students were selected were selected using stratified systematic random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics were computed to summarize the participants’ demographic characteristics and the most observed pro-social behavior type. Independent t -test was also used to test the significance mean difference between gender while one way ANOVA was employed to quantify the family income and parental education in facilitating pro-social behavior among students. The findings showed that among domain of pro-social behavior, complaint was the most observed pro-social behavior while altruism was the least observed pro-social behavior among students. There was a significant mean difference in score of overall pro-social behavior between male and female students. There was also statistically significant difference among respondents in their overall pro-social behavior and all types of pro-social behaviors score facilitated by their mother’s and father’s level of education. On the other hand, there was statistically insignificant difference among respondents in their overall pro-social behavior scores that can be facilitated by their family/guardian’s level of income. As a result, students were mostly involved in helping others in response to a verbal or nonverbal request. Moreover, being male or female and mother’s level of education has had an influence in involving pro-social behavior. However, family/guardian’s level of income difference has no influence in facilitating overall pro-social behavior. Based on the aforementioned implications, parents, teachers, neighbors, religious leaders, government and non-government bodies are recommended to play a role in promoting pro-social behavior among the students
The importance of chickpea, its farming system and determinant factors on technology adoption, North Shewa, Ethiopia.
Get PDFChickpea is one of the major pulse crops produced for home consumption and income sources. Its productivity is low due to low attention on chickpea production improvement technologies. This study examined chickpea farming system and its production status in wheat-based farming system areas. The purposes of the study were to evaluate the farming system of chickpea, to identify the determinant factors on chickpea technology adoption, and to assess the importance of chickpea in the study area. Both primary and secondary data were used for the study. The primary data were obtained from a total of 230 randomly selected rural farmers in Ensaro district. Descriptive statistics and complementary log-log methods were used to assess the farming system and the adoption status of the improved varieties. Chick pea is one of the major crops produced and farmers allocated their farm for chickpea production and grow both local and improved varieties. Neighbor farmers, the district office of agriculture and Debre Birhan agricultural research center were the main sources of improved seeds. Chickpea producers obtained more grain yield and farm benefits and better position in household income and expenditure than the non-grower farmers. Farmers who used improved chickpea varieties gained more gross margins from chickpea compared with their counterparts. Farmers near to market, better contact with extension and access to agriculture-related trainings used improved chickpea production technologies. Chickpea contributed for availability of food, income and gross field benefits improvement for the grower farmers. The improved varieties provide more grain yield than the local. Strengthen extension farmers linkage and improve market access contribute for the improvements of chickpea production and rural household income in chickpea growing areas
Rapid rural population growth and its determinant factors in Wolaita zone, Ethiopia
Get PDFRapid population growth is one of critical problems for most of Sub-Sahara African economic development. As a result of this, imbalances between population number and existing resource were intensified in developing countries including Ethiopia. Most of empirical studies show that rapid population growth was determined by different biological, social, economic and institutional factors. This study aimed to assess rapid rural population growth and its determinant factors in Wolaita zone. Relevant data were collected both from primary and secondary sources. Diverse types of data including demographic, socio-economic and policy-related data were obtained from 300 randomly selected rural households. Data were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Wolaita is characterized by a high population density and a fast population growth rate above 3%. Population growth was indeed higher than annual national growth rate. The average household size in the study area was about 6.7 members per household. Age at first marriage, educational level, daily income and livelihood security of household heads, and contraceptive practice are consistently significant and principal factors of large household size. The population theory aspect of Malthusian, Utility Cost Theory and Mediating Theory principles mostly aligned with the study area realities. Therefore, this study points out that managing rapid population growth by implementing a strict population policy/ strategy in the study area is important
Isolation and identification of some cyanobacteria and their plant growth promoting effect on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Ethiopia
Get PDFCyanobacteria are gram negative photosynthetic prokaryotic microorganisms otherwise known as Blue Green Algae (BGA). Numerous cyanobacteria were isolated and identified worldwide and most of them are known to possess the ability to discharge plant growth promoting substances as well as fixing atmospheric nitrogen. Therefore, the present study mainly focussed on evaluating the plant growth promoting activity of cyanobacterial isolates using wheat as an experimental crop by seed germination and pot experiments. In the present study, five different cyanobacterial species were isolated and identified as Pseudanabaena galeata KA1, Oscillatoria perornata KA2, Phormidium acutum KA3, Rivularia sp. KA4 and Lyngbya sp. KA5 based on the morphometric characters using microscopic investigations. The heterocystous cyanobacterium Rivularia sp. KA4 at 0.3% aqueous concentration showed significantly (p<0.05) highest results in the morphological parameters as well as in the biochemical parameters under seed germinations experiment. The same heterocystous cyanobacterium Rivularia sp. KA4 at 2g dried application significantly (p<0.05) boosted the morphological growth parameters (plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, number of roots, root length, shoot fresh and dry weight) and biochemical parameters (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid) of the experimental crop under pot experiment when compared to all other cyanobacterial species, chemical fertilizer treatment, and control. Therefore, the heterocystous cyanobacterial isolate Rivularia sp. KA4 at 3% aqueous extracts can be used to do the pretreatment of wheat seeds and the same heterocystous cyanobacterium Rivularia sp. KA4 can also be used as biofertilizers in both dried as well as liquid form for the cultivation of T. aestivum
Phosphorus sorption and external phosphorus requirement of soils: the Case of Metahara Sugar Estate, Ethiopia.
Get PDFLow availability of P limits crop production in the Ethiopian soils. There are many reasons for low P availability to soil. One of them is sorption. Soil phosphorus sorption and supply characteristics of the Metahara Sugar Estate soils were investigated using soil samples collected from soil fertility Class I, Class II and Class III of the farms. In this sorption study, three grams of soil from each sample was equilibrated with 30 ml of 0.01 M CaCl2 solution containing different amount of KH2PO4 and the concentration of P was determined by ascorbic acidmolybdate method. Eventually, the amount of adsorbed P by each soil was calculated and the data were fitted into the Langmuir and Freundlich equations. Results indicated that P sorption data of all soils fitted well with Freundlich equations but not with the Langmuir equation. Freundlich Kf and external P requirement (EPRF) of the soils ranged from 92.54-96.94 and 17.3- 23.72 mg kg-1 respectively. There is no significant correlation in their Kf and EPR. The pH, OC, exchangeable K and Mg contents of soil had significant influences on the sorption capacities of Metahara sugar estate soils. Since all fertility class soils had EPR < 150 mg kg-1, they were classified under the low P sorption category. The low P sorption nature of the soils permits the use of low P fertilizer dose in the range of 34.6–47.4 kg ha-1. This implies that high P sorption is not P limiting factor in the estate. The result further indicates that current P fertilizer application rate of 30 kg P ha-1 being practiced across all soil classes of the farm needs to be revised after validating the EPR values estimated in this study for each soil both in the greenhouse and in the field at Metahara Sugar Estate
Comparative efficacy of major anthelmintic against naturally infected Fasciola species infection in local sheep at Debre-Birhan Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia
Get PDFThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of eight major anthelmintic against Fasciola species in naturally infected sheep. In a randomized trial, 90 sheep were divided into 8 treatment groups of 10 animals each and one untreated control group of ten sheep. Prior to treatment, the animals were examined for Fasciola eggs. After the examination, they were found positive. On day zero, each group was administered to one of the following eight anthelmintic; Albex 10 %, Expitol, Tribex 10 %, Fascinex (Triclabendazole), Zerofen 10%, Albendazole, Ridafluke, and Tetraclozan. Faecal samples from each animal were examined for Fasciola eggs on day zero and then on 7, 10, 14, 21 days and 10 weeks post treatment using the sedimentation technique. Necropsy examination was performed on selected animals for 21 days and 10 weeks of post treatment on selected animals. Ridafluke showed highest efficacy against fascioliasis with 99.6 mature and 94.3 of immature worm count reduction proportion for 21 days post treatment and 91.8 % of adult worm reduction 10 weeks after treatment followed by Tribex 10% solution that showed 96 % and 98.7 % mature and immature worm count reduction, respectively, and 83.6% after 10 weeks post treatments. On the contrary, Fascinex (Triclabendazole) treatment group yielded much lower efficacy with mean 98.3% of mature Fasciola worms being recovered after 10 weeks post treatments. On the other hand, the adult Fasciola worm recovery showed high resistance in all broad spectrums anthelmintic treatment groups where Expitol and Tetraclozan showed 64 % and 63.3 % reduction of adult worms. The findings of this study indicated that the treatment group of Ridafluke and Tribex 10% showed highest efficacy and is a primary drug of choice against Fasciolosis in sheep of the study area
Farmers’ participation in collective irrigation management in the Koga Irrigation Development Project, Ethiopia
Get PDFIrrigation technology played incommensurable role in agricultural practices as it reduces agricultural rainfall dependency and the adverse impacts of climate change. However, regardless of huge investments made in the establishment of irrigation schemes, some are collapsed soon after their operation. Among others, infirm management system and lack of beneficiaries’ active participation in collective management activities remain the critical factors. The purpose of this study was thus to scrutinize beneficiaries’ participation in collective irrigation management activities in the Koga Irrigation Development Project. Primary Data were collected from 220 randomly selected sample households. Principal Component Analysis and Censored Tobit Regression model were employed to analyze the data. The study found that households were mainly participated in regulation and controlling activities to manage the irrigation scheme. However, combinations of socio-economic and institutional factors such as annual income gains from irrigation agriculture, trainings, farmers’ perceptions, access to credit and extension services have influenced their participations. As a result, the study recommends that so as to ensure long-term collective agricultural irrigation systems sustainability, farmers should be encouraged to participate actively in various collective irrigation management activities and hindering factors should be addressed as well
Household participation in livelihood diversification choices and its effects on household income of smallholder farmers in Boloso Sore District of Wolaita zone, Ethiopia
Get PDFRural households in many different contexts have been found to diversify their income sources allowing them to spread their risks and to ease consumption. Generating diversified incomes for a majority of the rural poor is an essential component of a successful rural development strategy. This study examined participation in livelihood diversification choice and its effect on household income in Boloso Sore District of Wolaita Zone, Ethiopia. Multistage sampling technique was employed and 270 households were selected for the study. Data analyses were carried out by using descriptive statistics and econometric model. Multinomial logit model was used to identify factors influencing households’ participation in livelihood diversification choices while effects on the household income were analysed by using two-limit Tobit model. The result showed that agricultural activities were the most important source of income for rural households in contributing 72% of total household income with the remaining 28% originating from nonagricultural activities. Multinomial logit model output revealed that age of household head, market distance, members in cooperatives determined participation in livelihood choices significantly and negatively while educational level, economically active members at home, sex, training, owning mobile phone had positively determined participation in livelihood choices. Besides, two-limit Tobit result revealed that age, family size and farm size determined level of income diversification significantly and negatively while educational level, economically active members at home, sex, frequency of extension visit and credit access had positively determined level of income diversification. The findings imply that these factors need to be considered by policy makers in the planning of agricultural and non-agricultural initiatives in the study area
Assessment of patient knowledge and adherence to anti-malarial drugs at Boditi Health Centre in Wolaita zone, southern Ethiopia
Get PDFThe adherence level of patients determines the effectiveness of drugs taken by the patient. Non-adherence of medication to infective diseases causes both treatment failure and drug resistant. The objective of this study was to assess patient knowledge, adherence to antimalarial drugs and associated factors at Bodit health centre in Wolaita zone, Southern Ethiopia. Patient-exit interview was conducted with 384 patients to assess patient understanding of malaria and anti-malarial drug use. They were interviewed on 3rd and 4th days of anti-malarial drug prescription from November 01/2016 to April 30/2017. About 75.6% of respondents have adequate knowledge on how to take anti-malarial drugs and patient adherence was 62.0%. The major reasons for non-adherences to anti-malarial drug use were taking drugs more or less duration (10.7%, n=41), drug sharing within families and neighbour (6.5%, n=25), keeping drugs for future use (4.9%, n=19), not replacing after vomiting (4.4%, n=17), stopping taking drugs after relieve of malaria symptoms (11.5%, n=44). Patients with adequate knowledge (AOR: 1.97 95% CI: 1.17, 3.33), patients previously treated for malaria (AOR: 2.53 95% CI: 1.56, 4.10), and urban residents (AOR: 1.83 95% CI 1.07, 3.12) were more likely to adhere to anti-malarial drugs. Malaria patients with diploma and above academic level are more than two times (AOR: 2.46 95% CI: 2.20, 2.89) more likely to adhere to anti-malarial drug treatment than non-educated. In conclusion, the patient knowledge about malaria is adequate but adherence to anti-malarial drugs is not adequate. Interventions such as patient education and patient counselling are important to improve patient knowledge and adherence
Cross-sectional study on parenting behaviors and intrapersonal functioning among adolescent students of Tabor Secondary School, Hawassa
Get PDFThe main objective of the study was to examine the relationship between the parenting behaviors and intrapersonal functioning among adolescent students at Tabor Secondary School, Hawassa. Cross-sectional research design was used to achieve this objective. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select students based on sex and grade level and systematic random sampling technique was used to include respondents in the sample. 353 (182 males and 171 females) students were participated in this study. A demographic questionnaire, parenting behavior scale and adolescent intrapersonal functioning scale were administered. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The findings of the study revealed that the majority of Hawassa Tabor secondary school students had high level of intrapersonal functioning. Independent t-test for group mean difference revealed that there was no significant mean difference between male and female students in terms of parental support and parental psychological control. On the other hand, there was significant mean difference between male and female students in terms of parental behavioral control. There was also no significant mean difference between male and female students in terms of intrapersonal functioning. Finally, the result of Pearson correlation indicated that there was a positive relationship between parental support and adolescents’ intrapersonal functioning. Parental psychological control had a negative relationship with adolescents’ intrapersonal functioning and parental behavioral control had a positive relationship with adolescents’ intrapersonal functioning. It was recommended that parents, schools, governments, and non-government organizations better work together to improve intrapersonal functioning of adolescents