Journal of Science and Inclusive Development (JSID)
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Determinants and effect of adoption of small scale biogas technology by rural households: the case of Sodo Zuria district, Wolaita zone, southern Ethiopia
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to assess determinants and effect of adoption of small scale biogas technology by rural households in Sodo Zuria district, Wolaita zone, southern Ethiopia. The population in selected three sample Kebeles were stratified into two categories (biogas user and non-user). A total of 153 respondents were randomly selected and interviewed by using interviewed schedule. Descriptive statistics, inferential statistics (chi-square and independent ttest) and binary logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Logit model was used to analyze the adoption decision of biogas technology. The model result indicated that adopters and non-adopters differed in 6 out of 12 explanatory variables expected to influence the adoption of Biogas technology in the study area. Variables such as sex, education of respondents, livestock ownership, occupation, and attending training of respondents with biogas development had significant and positive influence on the use of biogas technology. On the other hand, distance to water had significant negative effect on the use of biogas technology. High installation cost (55%), negative attitude of community towards biogas energy (8%), inadequate skilled technicians (25%), lack of adequate fund, lack of interest, and poor infrastructure (10%) were the main challenges of using biogas technology. Biogas technology gives high contribution for the users especially in reduction of expenditure on cooking energy, saving time in preparation and cooking of food, provision of organic bio slurry, reduction of smoke in the kitchen, and making cooking more convenient 79%, 70%, 88%, and 95%respectively. The study suggests government and non-governmental organizations to strengthen farmers’ capacity and make them to focus on construction of new biogas technology in order to expand its benefits in the study area
Influence of teachers' demographic factors on their attitude towards inclusion of visually impaired students in government secondary schools of Wolaita zone, southern Ethiopia
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to examine the influence of teachers’ demographic factors on their attitude towards inclusion of visually impaired students in the government secondary schools of Wolaita zone, Ethiopia. A mixed method with triangulation design was employed. Purposive and multistage sampling techniques were used to select 420 sample participants. Data were collected through questionnaire and focus group discussion (FGD). Frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviation and independent t-test were used to analyse the quantitative data, while thematic analysis was used to manage the qualitative data. The result revealed that teachers’ demographic factors namely age, educational qualification, in-service training and experience in teaching visually impaired students had statistically significant influence on those teachers’ attitude towards inclusion of visually impaired students. Thus, the study concluded that general education teachers with more in-service training, with first degree qualifications and having more experience in teaching visually impaired students had more positive attitude towards inclusion of those students in classroom than their counter parts. Furthermore, aged teachers had more positive attitude towards the philosophical issues of inclusion and advantages and disadvantages of inclusion while younger teachers had more positive attitude towards the professional issues of inclusion for visually impaired students than their counter parts
Coffee seedlings growth and nutrient accumulation affected by application of different rates of nitrogen, zinc and boron fertilizers at Dilla, Ethiopia
Get PDFA proper coffee seedling management is required for successful field establishment. Pot experiment was conducted to evaluate different rates of nitrogen (N), zinc (Zn) and boron (B) on the seedling growth of coffee varieties. It was conducted under lath house condition in complete block design (CBD) with three replications. Two varieties with three levels of nitrogen (0g, 0.295g and 0.59g), zinc, (0mg, 1.62mg, 3.24mg) and boron (0 mg, 0.77mg 1.54mg) were considered. The results indicated that the application of nutrients significantly affected the agronomic performances of coffee seedlings. The average number of roots plant-1 was significantly affected by varieties and zinc rates. The highest result (42 roots plant-1) was recorded by the application of 3.24mg Zn plant-1.The highest seedling height (48.2cm) was observed by the application of 1.54mg B plant -1 and 0.59 g N plant -1 on coffee Fayate variety while 48.1cm was observed by the application of 0.295g N plant -1 and 0.77mg B plant -1 on variety Odicha. The highest main branch length, 6.9cm and, 6.8cm, were obtained by the application of 0.59g N plant -1, 1.54mg B plant -1 and 1.62mg Zn plant -1 on variety Odicha and Fayate, respectively. Regardless of varietal differences, the highest above ground biomass yield was obtained by the application of 0.59g N plant-1 (21.2g plant-1), 0.77mg B plant -1 (19.3g plant1) and 1.62mg Zn plant-1 (17.8gm plant -1). The highest biomass yield obtained from variety Odicha (18.2g plant-1) followed by variety Fayate (15.9g plant). Three way interaction of variety, nitrogen and boron resulted in significant (p<0.05) effects on coffee seedlings biomass. The application of 0.59g N plant-1 and 0.77mg B plant-1 gave the best results on both varieties despite their differences. In most of the cases, 0.59g N, 0.77mg B and 1.62mg Zn plant-1showed significantly the highest results which is recommended for the best and wider coffee seedling multiplication
Determination of selected essential and non-essential metals of honey in Wolaita zone, southern Ethiopia
Get PDFHoney is a sweet natural product produced by bees. It has many beneficial health promoting effects. The essential and non-essential metals’ contents of bee honey samples collected from Damot Gale district were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The samples were digested to obtain the essential and non-essential metals by optimum digestion condition. The digestion method for honey analysis was found to be efficient for all in the analyzed metals. The analysis was validated through the recovery experiments showing that a good percentage recovery (95.7-103%). The results obtained from honey samples collected from the bee farmers revealed that the values of pH, moisture and ash content of mid land to be 3.65 ± 0.062, 16.77 ± 0.06 and 0.42 ± 0.006, respectively while the low land part is 3.88 ± 0.057, 16.97 ± 0.034 and 0.46 ± 0.003, respectively. The results of this study revealed that the concentrations of most metals are higher in the honey samples collected from low land part than mid land part within the selected sites. This study’s result was compared with other reported values and found almost comparable. The results of current finding were also compared with international standards set by WHO/FAO and revealed that the levels of some essential and non- essential metals in honey samples were within permissible limits. Therefore, the finding of this study indicated that the honey of the study areas was found safe for consumption regarding studied metal concentration
Stakeholders’ satisfaction on the performance of employees graduated from private higher education institutions: the case of Paradise Valley College
Get PDFBesides the rapid expansion of higher education institutions in Ethiopia, serious concerns have been expressed about an increasingly wide gap between the skills and capabilities of graduates, and the requirements and demands of the work environment in an increasingly mobile and globalized society. The objective of the present research was to examine employers’ satisfaction on the performance of employees trained by and graduated from Paradise Valley College. A cross-sectional descriptive and analytical survey research designs were used in which a structured questionnaire was distributed to 200 employers and/or managers using both convenience and snowball sampling techniques. Quantitative data were collected from 130 respondents who properly completed the questionnaire. Data were entered in to SPSS version 20 for further analysis. The aggregate mean of employers’ satisfaction on employees’ overall qualities was found to be 4.08. Moreover, from 130 respondents who participated in the survey, 106 (81.5%) replied that they are satisfied with the overall performances or qualities of employees graduated from the college. In addition, 76.9% of respondents agreed that graduates of Paradise Valley College are significantly contributing to the goal of the organizations in which they are currently employed. Above all, 73.1% of employers said that they anticipate hiring more graduates of the college on the basis of the performance of employees currently serving in their organization. Results of bivariate correlation statistics showed that employers’ overall satisfaction on the graduates of the college is associated to the sex (0.034, 95CI) of employers. Employers and/or managers are satisfied with the performance and overall qualities of employees trained by and graduated from Paradise Valley College. Nevertheless, employers showed dissatisfactions on employees’ general skills. Therefore, the college should strengthen its laboratories to fill the gaps of trainees in general skills related to the use of equipment
Correlates of under five mortality in Southern Nation Nationalities People Regional State: A spatial data analysis
Get PDFThe main aim of this study was to identify determinants of under-five child mortality, to describe spatial dependence of child mortality and to develop models specifying risk factors used to diagnose of child mortality among districts in Southern Nation Nationalities People Regional State (SNNPRS) of Ethiopia by using 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey collected from 75 districts by employing spatial models. Spatial lag and spatial error model were fitted to the data though spatial lag model specification was taken as the best fit for child mortality rate. Accordingly, from global and local spatial analysis, it was found that children mortality rate in one district was directly affected by that of its neighbors. The results revealed that water closet, proportion of children under five, toilet availability, and mothers; basic education attainment, vaccination coverage, size at birth, mother current working status, ORS information, altitude, stunting score and wasting score of children were significant determinants of children mortality rate. Thus, it is suggested that the geographically targeted preparation on accumulation of treatment that can be useful to control and stabilize spillover (nearest area spread) of disease such as diarrhea, malaria, and fever over space is recommended. It can be suggested that the government needs to make intervention to mitigate the spatial variation of the prevalence of mortality across regions
Concentration of some heavy metals in Almeda Textile Factory wastewater and the nearby stream waters
Get PDFAlmeda textile factory has discharged its wastewater into the nearby streams. However, very limited report available on the concentration levels of the heavy metals in the wastewater, and no study has been carried out on the nearby streams. Therefore, concentration levels of cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in Almeda textile factory wastewater and the nearby stream waters were estimated using a Varian AA240FS Fast Sequential Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. The study revealed that the average concentrations (ppm) of Cd (0.02), Pb (0.20), and Mn (0.60) in the wastewater were higher than the maximum permissible limits. On the other hand, the average concentrations (ppm) of Co (0.02), Cu (0.21), Fe (1.20), Cr (0.02), Ni (0.03), and Zn (0.20) were lower than the limits. Similarly, the average concentrations (ppm) of Cd (0.02) and Mn (0.05 - 0.28) in the nearby stream waters were higher than the limits; however, the average concentrations (ppm) of Co (0.03 - 0.04), Cr (0.02 - 0.04), Cu (0.08 - 0.09), Fe (0.06 - 0.20), Ni (0.03 - 0.09), Pb (0.02 - 0.07), and Zn (0.04 - 0.09) were lower than the limits. Because the heavy metals are non-biodegradable, continuous discharge of a large amount of Almeda textile factory wastewater in to the surrounding can result their accumulation in the environment. Therefore, periodic assessment of the heavy metals in the nearby streams should be carried out