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Civil Law—Circuit Split: Eighth Circuit’s Superior Causation Standard for Anti-Kickback Violations Under the False Claims Act—United States ex rel. Cairns v. D.S. Med. LLC., 42 F.4th 828 (8th Cir. 2022)
Full text link2024 Suffolk University commencement program, Law School
Full text linkSuffolk University commencement programs detail the location, date, order of exercises, academic honors, speakers, administration, graduates, and other related information.https://dc.suffolk.edu/comm/1214/thumbnail.jp
2024 Suffolk University commencement program, College of Arts & Sciences and Sawyer Business School
Full text linkSuffolk University commencement programs detail the location, date, order of exercises, academic honors, speakers, administration, graduates, and other related information.https://dc.suffolk.edu/comm/1213/thumbnail.jp
Suffolk Journal, vol.87, no. 18, 4/24/2024
Full text linkhttps://dc.suffolk.edu/journal/2375/thumbnail.jp
Zero Waste: Textile Waste Management Center
No full textThe demand for cheap clothing places immense pressure on natural resources, exacerbating environmental degradation. To address fast fashion waste, efforts should include promoting sustainable practices, advocating for ethical labor standards, encouraging recycling and upcycling initiatives, and raising consumer awareness about the environmental and social impact of clothing choices. Transitioning towards a circular fashion model is crucial for mitigating the detrimental effects of fast fashion waste
Beyond Standard Model: neutrino dipoles and proto hydrogen bundles.
Full text linkIn our composite models of elementary particles as consisting of just two types of elementary basic charges, +e/3 and -e/3, the axial electric potential of any elementary particle is a function of a distance from the particle, and this function differs from the Coulomb potential of a point total charge of the particle. The electric potential of neutrinos is not zero at close distances from neutrinos. Neutrinos can form dipoles and bundles of 3 or more neutrinos. The three-neutrino bundle (a proto-hydrogen) can be converted to a hydrogen atom. As we suggested in our previous paper [4], the total numbers of basic charges of each of the two types are conserved in any nuclear reaction or conversion. That means that the basic elementary charges that are present in the reactants can join in different combinations to form the products of the reaction. In this paper, we consider the neutrino-antineutrino pairs and compositions of three neutrinos as proto-baryons and a possible origin of an electron-positron pair. We also suggest that a neutrino can “glue” two electrons to form an electron-electron pair
Beyond Standard Model: Electrostatic Potential Energy of Quarks, Electron, And Neutrinos As Spinning Composite Structures
Full text linkThe potential energy of any composite structure is related to the binding energy of the structure. The equations for the electrostatic potential energy of quarks, electron-like structures, and neutrinos are presented for our models of elementary particles as spinning composite structures. The structures consist of up to 3 basic elementary charges of magnitude e/3 on the axis of rotation and N charges revolving about the axis. We applied these general equations specifically to the models of different quarks, electron and electron-like particles (muon and tau), and neutral particles (neutrinos). It is shown that the electrostatic potential energies of all considered particles are negative, and the electron’s electrostatic potential energy is the lowest among the considered particles
Legal Asynchrony: Constitutional Bridges Inverting Elemental U.S. Technology
Full text linkThe 2022 Biden Inflation Reduction Act (“IRA”) and the 2021 Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (“IIJA”), together providing for an unprecedented $1.7 trillion in spending, were enacted to construct a sustainable legal U.S. exit ramp from what the Secretary-General of the United Nations recently described as a “highway to climate hell with our foot still on the accelerator.” This Article analyzes a critical legal missing link in these Acts that is now causing the U.S. economy to do the opposite of its intended climate change mitigation, given:
• A necessary eight-fold increase in current renewable electric power, requiring adding the entire amount of existing renewable power again every eighteen months.
• A shortage of rare-earth and critical minerals now required in quantities ten-to-fifteen times greater to produce one unit of renewable electricity compared to current power.
• How the federal IRA plan is being legally blocked by hundreds of cities in thirty-one states, notwithstanding the Constitution’s Supremacy Clause.
The Supreme Court in 2022 announced its new “major questions doctrine” in West Virginia v. Environmental Protection Agency and applied it to limit presidential discretion regarding matters of electric power technology and climate change. States and cities are now deploying their constitutional authority, supported by Supreme Court decisions, to block a sustainable transition.
The final two Sections of this Article design an alternative sustainable legal “bridge” within existing U.S. law that does not require any congressional action and that is immediately implementable at lower cost than business-as-usual. This decentralized legal bridge also features more efficient use of energy and can be implemented immediately by local governments, state governments, and the federal government. This legal bridge can span the widening gap between these new laws’ asynchronous and rapidly increasing electric demand compared to available interconnected zero-carbon renewable power supply until these two become resynchronized. This legal bridge sustainably operates without worsening climate change