Revista Científica INGENIAR - Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación
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Evaluación técnica y económica de la transformación de biogás en energía eléctrica
Get PDFThis project aims at perform a technical and economic evaluation of the transformation of biogas into electrical energy with the purpose of technically taking advantage of the biogas produced in urban landfills (UL) and biodigesters, to transform it into electrical energy and establish sovereignty and electrical diversification, and eliminate dependence on fossil fuels in Ecuador. For this, the design and construction, useful volume of biogas produced each year, useful electrical power of biogas and economic evaluation of the electrical energy generation projects in the El Inga and Ceibales UL and the biodigester project located in the Machachi city. The technical analysis shows that in 2021 the El Inga project reached the maximum annual volume of biogas with a value of 3,405 m3/h and an annual electrical power of 7,24 MW; while in 2031 the Ceibales project will reach the maximum annual volume of biogas with 1240,15 m3/h and an annual electrical power of 2,94 MW; On the other hand, the implementation of the Machachi city project would have a constant annual volume of biogas of 312 m3/h and an annual electrical power of 1 MW; In turn, the three projects reach an electrical power of 1 MW with annual biogas volume flows of 547,04 m3/h, 435,81 m3/h and 312 m3/h, with a standard deviation of 117,58 m3/h and a coefficient of variation of 27%. The economic analysis shows that the projects: El Inga with a current power (CP) of 5 MW its NPV is 11301391,77 USD being greater than zero and its IRR is 21% greater than its discount rate (DR) of 8,5%; Ceibales with a CP of 1,8 MW its NPV is 383865,48 USD being greater than zero and its IRR is 10% greater than its DR of 8,6%; and Machachi with a CP of 1 MW its NPV is 807668 USD being greater than zero and its IRR is 21% greater than its DR of 10%; they are profitable. It is concluded that, the evaluation of the three projects offers a technically and economically viable solution in the transformation of biogas into non-conventional renewable energy; since, by transforming 12,659 million accumulated tons of urban solid waste, 6581 m3 of bovine, pig and poultry excreta, a power of 7,8 MW is currently generated with an investment of 15 million USD; which, through the application of article 413 of the constitution, where the Ecuadorian state is obliged to promote the development of renewable energies, around 5498 million USD can be invested to obtain an electrical power of 2859 MW, which corresponds to the generation of electrical energy from non-renewable sources, and thus solve the deficit of 890 MW to obtain electrical energy sovereignty in Ecuador.
Keywords: Technical evaluation of biogas in energy, economic evaluation of biogas in energy, methane in energy assessment, biogas from landfills, biogas from biodigestion processes, ecuadorian energy sovereignty through biogas.El artículo tiene por objetivo realizar una evaluación técnica y económica de la transformación de biogás en energía eléctrica con el propósito de aprovechar de forma técnica el biogás que se produce en los rellenos sanitarios urbanos (RESU) y biodigestores, para transformarlo en energía eléctrica y establecer soberanía y diversificación eléctrica, y eliminar la dependencia de combustibles fósiles en el Ecuador. Para esto, se presenta el diseño y construcción, volumen útil de biogás producido cada año, potencia eléctrica útil de biogás y evaluación económica de los proyectos de generación de energía eléctrica en los RESU El Inga y Ceibales y del proyecto de biodigestor ubicado en la ciudad de Machachi. El análisis técnico muestra que en el año 2021 el proyecto El Inga alcanzó el máximo volumen anual de biogás con un valor de 3405 m3/h y una potencia eléctrica anual de 7,24 MW; mientras que en el año 2031 el proyecto Ceibales alcanzará el máximo volumen anual de biogás con un valor de 1240,15 m3/h y una potencia eléctrica anual de 2,94 MW; en cambio, la implementación del proyecto de la ciudad de Machachi tendría un constante volumen anual de biogás de 312 m3/h y una potencia eléctrica anual de 1 MW; a su vez, los tres proyectos alcanzan una potencia eléctrica de 1 MW con flujos de volumen anual de biogás de 547,04 m3/h, 435,81 m3/h y 312 m3/h, con una desviación estándar de 117,58 m3/h y un coeficiente de variación del 27%. El análisis económico presenta que los proyectos: El Inga con una potencia actual (PA) de 5 MW su VAN es de 11301391,77 USD siendo mayor a cero y su TIR es del 21% mayor a su tasa de descuento (TD) del 8,5%; Ceibales con una PA de 1,8 MW su VAN es de 383865,48 USD siendo mayor a cero y su TIR es del 10% mayor a su TD del 8,6%; y Machachi con una PA de 1 MW su VAN es de 807668 USD siendo mayor a cero y su TIR es del 21% mayor a su TD del 10 %; son rentables. Se concluye que, la evaluación de los tres proyectos ofrece una solución técnica y económicamente viable en la transformación de biogás en energía renovable no convencional; ya que, al transformar 12,659 millones de toneladas acumuladas de residuos sólidos urbanos, 6581 m3 de excretas bovinas, porcinas y avícolas, se genera actualmente una potencia de 7,8 MW con una inversión de 15 millones de USD; lo cual, mediante la aplicación del artículo 413 de la constitución, donde el estado ecuatoriano está obligado a promover el desarrollo de energías renovables, se puede invertir alrededor de 5498 millones de USD para obtener una potencia eléctrica de 2859 MW que corresponde a la generación de energía eléctrica de fuentes no renovales, y así solventar el déficit de 890 MW para obtener soberanía de energía eléctrica en el Ecuador.
Palabras clave: Evaluación técnica de biogás en energía, evaluación económica de biogás en energía, evaluación de metano en energía, biogás de rellenos sanitarios, biogás de procesos de biodigestión, soberanía energética ecuatoriana mediante biogás.
Abstract
This project aims at perform a technical and economic evaluation of the transformation of biogas into electrical energy with the purpose of technically taking advantage of the biogas produced in urban landfills (UL) and biodigesters, to transform it into electrical energy and establish sovereignty and electrical diversification, and eliminate dependence on fossil fuels in Ecuador. For this, the design and construction, useful volume of biogas produced each year, useful electrical power of biogas and economic evaluation of the electrical energy generation projects in the El Inga and Ceibales UL and the biodigester project located in the Machachi city. The technical analysis shows that in 2021 the El Inga project reached the maximum annual volume of biogas with a value of 3,405 m3/h and an annual electrical power of 7,24 MW; while in 2031 the Ceibales project will reach the maximum annual volume of biogas with 1240,15 m3/h and an annual electrical power of 2,94 MW; On the other hand, the implementation of the Machachi city project would have a constant annual volume of biogas of 312 m3/h and an annual electrical power of 1 MW; In turn, the three projects reach an electrical power of 1 MW with annual biogas volume flows of 547,04 m3/h, 435,81 m3/h and 312 m3/h, with a standard deviation of 117,58 m3/h and a coefficient of variation of 27%. The economic analysis shows that the projects: El Inga with a current power (CP) of 5 MW its NPV is 11301391,77 USD being greater than zero and its IRR is 21% greater than its discount rate (DR) of 8,5%; Ceibales with a CP of 1,8 MW its NPV is 383865,48 USD being greater than zero and its IRR is 10% greater than its DR of 8,6%; and Machachi with a CP of 1 MW its NPV is 807668 USD being greater than zero and its IRR is 21% greater than its DR of 10%; they are profitable. It is concluded that, the evaluation of the three projects offers a technically and economically viable solution in the transformation of biogas into non-conventional renewable energy; since, by transforming 12,659 million accumulated tons of urban solid waste, 6581 m3 of bovine, pig and poultry excreta, a power of 7,8 MW is currently generated with an investment of 15 million USD; which, through the application of article 413 of the constitution, where the Ecuadorian state is obliged to promote the development of renewable energies, around 5498 million USD can be invested to obtain an electrical power of 2859 MW, which corresponds to the generation of electrical energy from non-renewable sources, and thus solve the deficit of 890 MW to obtain electrical energy sovereignty in Ecuador.
Keywords: Technical evaluation of biogas in energy, economic evaluation of biogas in energy, methane in energy assessment, biogas from landfills, biogas from biodigestion processes, ecuadorian energy sovereignty through biogas.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 15 de julio de 2024.Fecha de aceptación: 05 de septiembre de 2024.Fecha de publicación: 07 de octubre de 2024
Sostenibilidad ambiental en escenarios tecnológicos de educación superior
Get PDFThis paper examines the relationship between environmental sustainability and higher education in the context of technological scenarios. It highlights the growing concern about global environmental challenges and the crucial role that higher education institutions play in promoting sustainable practices and training skilled professionals. However, it is recognized that the integration of technology in higher education poses both opportunities and challenges in terms of environmental sustainability. On the one hand, technology can be a powerful tool to improve energy efficiency, reduce carbon footprint and foster innovation in key areas such as renewable energy and sustainable mobility. On the other hand, it can also generate risks such as increased consumption of natural resources and the generation of electronic waste. The central issue lies in how higher education institutions can harness the potential of technology to promote environmental sustainability without compromising natural resources or increasing inequality. The need for a comprehensive and collaborative approach is raised that considers both the benefits and possible negative impacts of technology on environmental sustainability. In this sense, it is suggested to explore how technological scenarios, including emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and digitalization, can be used to promote sustainable practices in higher education and contribute to building sustainability.
Keywords: Sustainability, higher education, Educational technology.Este documento examina la relación entre la sostenibilidad ambiental y la educación superior en el contexto de los escenarios tecnológicos. Se destaca la creciente preocupación por los desafíos ambientales globales y el papel crucial que desempeñan las instituciones de educación superior en la promoción de prácticas sostenibles y la formación de profesionales capacitados. Sin embargo, se reconoce que la integración de la tecnología en la educación superior plantea tanto oportunidades como desafíos en términos de sostenibilidad ambiental. Por un lado, la tecnología puede ser una herramienta poderosa para mejorar la eficiencia energética, reducir la huella de carbono y fomentar la innovación en áreas clave como la energía renovable y la movilidad sostenible. Por otro lado, también puede generar riesgos como el aumento del consumo de recursos naturales y la generación de residuos electrónicos. La problemática central reside en cómo las instituciones de educación superior pueden aprovechar el potencial de la tecnología para promover la sostenibilidad ambiental sin comprometer los recursos naturales ni aumentar la desigualdad. Se plantea la necesidad de un enfoque integral y colaborativo que considere tanto los beneficios como los posibles impactos negativos de la tecnología en la sostenibilidad ambiental. En este sentido, se sugiere explorar cómo los escenarios tecnológicos, incluidas las tecnologías emergentes como la inteligencia artificial y la digitalización, pueden ser aprovechados para promover prácticas sostenibles en la educación superior y contribuir a la construcción la sostenibilidad.
Palabras clave: Sostenibilidad, educación superior, Tecnología educativa.
Abstract
This paper examines the relationship between environmental sustainability and higher education in the context of technological scenarios. It highlights the growing concern about global environmental challenges and the crucial role that higher education institutions play in promoting sustainable practices and training skilled professionals. However, it is recognized that the integration of technology in higher education poses both opportunities and challenges in terms of environmental sustainability. On the one hand, technology can be a powerful tool to improve energy efficiency, reduce carbon footprint and foster innovation in key areas such as renewable energy and sustainable mobility. On the other hand, it can also generate risks such as increased consumption of natural resources and the generation of electronic waste. The central issue lies in how higher education institutions can harness the potential of technology to promote environmental sustainability without compromising natural resources or increasing inequality. The need for a comprehensive and collaborative approach is raised that considers both the benefits and possible negative impacts of technology on environmental sustainability. In this sense, it is suggested to explore how technological scenarios, including emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and digitalization, can be used to promote sustainable practices in higher education and contribute to building sustainability.
Keywords: Sustainability, higher education, Educational technology.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 16 de enero de 2024.Fecha de aceptación: 15 de marzo de 2024.Fecha de publicación: 04 de abril de 2024
Sostenibilidad de la economía circular para la transferencia del conocimiento en Latinoamérica desde una mirada de la gestión pública
Get PDFThe document examines the relationship between the sustainability of the circular economy and the transfer of knowledge in public management in Latin America. It is highlighted that the circular economy offers an effective approach to address environmental, economic and social challenges in the region by promoting efficiency in the use of resources, job creation and reducing the environmental footprint. The crucial role of knowledge transfer in public management is highlighted to promote the sustainability of the circular economy, by facilitating the exchange of information, experiences and best practices between different government entities and countries in the region. The importance of collaboration and knowledge exchange between multiple actors, including governments, the private sector, civil society and academia, is emphasized to promote the effective implementation of the circular economy in Latin America. The need to strengthen the institutional and technical capacities of Latin American countries is highlighted to ensure successful implementation of the circular economy in the long term, including the development of sound policies, investment in infrastructure and sustainable technologies, and the promotion of education and raising public awareness about the principles and benefits of the circular economy. The conclusions highlight the importance of knowledge transfer in public management as a key tool to promote the sustainability of the circular economy in Latin America and move towards more equitable and sustainable development in the region.
Keywords: Sustainability, Circular economy, public management.El documento examina la relación entre la sostenibilidad de la economía circular y la transferencia de conocimiento en la gestión pública en Latinoamérica. Se destaca que la economía circular ofrece un enfoque efectivo para abordar los desafíos ambientales, económicos y sociales en la región al promover la eficiencia en el uso de recursos, la generación de empleo y la reducción de la huella ambiental. Se resalta el papel crucial de la transferencia de conocimiento en la gestión pública para impulsar la sostenibilidad de la economía circular, al facilitar el intercambio de información, experiencias y mejores prácticas entre diferentes entidades gubernamentales y países de la región. Se enfatiza la importancia de la colaboración y el intercambio de conocimientos entre múltiples actores, incluidos los gobiernos, el sector privado, la sociedad civil y la academia, para promover la implementación efectiva de la economía circular en Latinoamérica. Se subraya la necesidad de fortalecer las capacidades institucionales y técnicas de los países latinoamericanos para garantizar una implementación exitosa de la economía circular a largo plazo, incluyendo el desarrollo de políticas sólidas, la inversión en infraestructura y tecnologías sostenibles, y la promoción de la educación y la sensibilización pública sobre los principios y beneficios de la economía circular. Las conclusiones resaltan la importancia de la transferencia de conocimiento en la gestión pública como una herramienta clave para impulsar la sostenibilidad de la economía circular en Latinoamérica y avanzar hacia un desarrollo más equitativo y sostenible en la región.
Palabras clave: Sostenibilidad, Economía circular, gestión pública.
Abstract
The document examines the relationship between the sustainability of the circular economy and the transfer of knowledge in public management in Latin America. It is highlighted that the circular economy offers an effective approach to address environmental, economic and social challenges in the region by promoting efficiency in the use of resources, job creation and reducing the environmental footprint. The crucial role of knowledge transfer in public management is highlighted to promote the sustainability of the circular economy, by facilitating the exchange of information, experiences and best practices between different government entities and countries in the region. The importance of collaboration and knowledge exchange between multiple actors, including governments, the private sector, civil society and academia, is emphasized to promote the effective implementation of the circular economy in Latin America. The need to strengthen the institutional and technical capacities of Latin American countries is highlighted to ensure successful implementation of the circular economy in the long term, including the development of sound policies, investment in infrastructure and sustainable technologies, and the promotion of education and raising public awareness about the principles and benefits of the circular economy. The conclusions highlight the importance of knowledge transfer in public management as a key tool to promote the sustainability of the circular economy in Latin America and move towards more equitable and sustainable development in the region.
Keywords: Sustainability, Circular economy, public management.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 08 de febrero de 2024.Fecha de aceptación: 22 de abril de 2024.Fecha de publicación: 01 de mayo de 2024
Proyección optima de la demanda eléctrica de la empresa eléctrica de Cotopaxi
Get PDFThe article presents an analysis of the projected electricity demand in the province of Cotopaxi, utilizing the LEAP model to conduct a detailed projection of energy demand for the period 2022-2050. The research addresses the need to anticipate infrastructure requirements and assess the impact of energy efficiency policies. It is projected that electricity demand will increase from 381,657 PJ in 2022 to 692,754 PJ in 2050, reflecting an annual growth rate of 2%. Although rural demand currently predominates, a significant increase in urban demand is anticipated, rising from 23.1% in 2022 to 26.8% in 2050. These findings are crucial for sustainable energy planning, emphasizing the need to improve existing infrastructure and adopt energy efficiency measures to manage demand growth and reduce environmental impact. The results provide a solid foundation for the formulation of strategic energy policies in the region, ensuring an efficient and sustainable energy supply in the long term.
Keywords: Electric demand, LEAP, Sustainable efficiency, Projection.El artículo presenta un análisis de la demanda eléctrica proyectada en la provincia de Cotopaxi, utiliza el modelo LEAP para realizar una predicción detallada de la demanda energética durante el período 2022-2050. La investigación responde a la necesidad de anticipar los requerimientos de infraestructura y evaluar el impacto de políticas de eficiencia energética. Se ha proyectado que la demanda eléctrica aumentará de 381,657 PJ en 2022 a 692,754 PJ en 2050, reflejando una tasa de crecimiento anual del 2%. Aunque la demanda rural actualmente predomina, se anticipa un incremento significativo en la demanda urbana, que pasará del 23.1% en 2022 al 26.8% en 2050. Estos hallazgos son fundamentales para la planificación energética sostenible, subrayando la necesidad de mejorar la infraestructura existente y adoptar medidas de eficiencia energética para gestionar el crecimiento de la demanda y reducir el impacto ambiental. Los resultados proporcionan una base sólida para la formulación de políticas energéticas estratégicas en la región, asegurando un suministro energético eficiente y sostenible a largo plazo.
Palabras clave: Demanda eléctrica, LEAP, Eficiencia Sostenible, Proyección.
Abstract
The article presents an analysis of the projected electricity demand in the province of Cotopaxi, utilizing the LEAP model to conduct a detailed projection of energy demand for the period 2022-2050. The research addresses the need to anticipate infrastructure requirements and assess the impact of energy efficiency policies. It is projected that electricity demand will increase from 381,657 PJ in 2022 to 692,754 PJ in 2050, reflecting an annual growth rate of 2%. Although rural demand currently predominates, a significant increase in urban demand is anticipated, rising from 23.1% in 2022 to 26.8% in 2050. These findings are crucial for sustainable energy planning, emphasizing the need to improve existing infrastructure and adopt energy efficiency measures to manage demand growth and reduce environmental impact. The results provide a solid foundation for the formulation of strategic energy policies in the region, ensuring an efficient and sustainable energy supply in the long term.
Keywords: Electric demand, LEAP, Sustainable efficiency, Projection.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 15 de julio de 2024.Fecha de aceptación: 05 de septiembre de 2024.Fecha de publicación: 07 de octubre de 2024
Influencia del cambio climático sobre el régimen de crecidas en la quebrada de Cunduana
Get PDFThe Cunduana ravine, located in the Licán parish of Riobamba city, Chimborazo province, has been impacted by severe weather conditions and alterations to its natural watercourse. This situation could worsen considering the effects of Climate Change on the flood regime in the Cunduana ravine. Due to limited studies on Climate Change in Ecuador and challenges in accessing meteorological data, this study employed hydrological and hydraulic models to simulate local conditions. Climate Change scenarios were implemented to analyze potential future conditions in the ravine, aiming to identify climate effects and forecast future flood zones. Intensity-Duration-Frequency curves were generated using historical data from the M1036 agrometeorological station and climate scenarios from the Ministry of Environment, Water, and Ecological Transition. Hydrological and hydraulic modeling was performed using Hec-hms and Iber models, incorporating the RCP 8.5 climate scenario over a 50-year return period, resulting in maps of new flood zones. The findings indicated variations of up to 0.60 m3/s in flow and 0.90 m in observed water levels between the current and future situations. Although flood-prone areas did not change significantly, the slight increases in values could elevate the current risks to human lives and property during flood events. It is crucial for regulatory authorities to propose action plans to mitigate hazards associated with such situations.
Keywords: Climate change, hydrological modeling, hygraulic modeling, floods.La quebrada de Cunduana en la parroquia Licán, Riobamba, Chimborazo, ha sufrido impactos debido a condiciones climáticas intensas y la alteración de su curso natural. Esta situación podría agravarse con los efectos del Cambio Climático en el régimen de crecidas. Dada la escasa investigación sobre el Cambio Climático en Ecuador y las dificultades para obtener datos meteorológicos, el estudio implementó modelos hidrológicos e hidráulicos. Se utilizaron escenarios de Cambio Climático para analizar futuras condiciones en la quebrada y se generaron curvas Intensidad-Duración-Frecuencia con datos de la estación M1036 y escenarios del Ministerio del Ambiente. La modelación hidrológica e hidráulica con Hec-hms e Iber bajo el escenario RCP 8.5 y un retorno de 50 años produjo mapas de nuevas zonas inundables. Los resultados mostraron variaciones de hasta 0.60 m3/s en caudal y 0.90 m en el nivel del agua entre las situaciones actual y futura. Aunque las áreas propensas a inundaciones apenas cambiaron, los ligeros incrementos presentan riesgos adicionales para vidas humanas y bienes materiales. Se insta a las autoridades a proponer planes de acción para reducir los peligros asociados a estas situaciones.
Palabras clave: Cambio Climático, Modelación Hidrológica, Modelación Hidráulica, Inundaciones.
Abstract
The Cunduana ravine, located in the Licán parish of Riobamba city, Chimborazo province, has been impacted by severe weather conditions and alterations to its natural watercourse. This situation could worsen considering the effects of Climate Change on the flood regime in the Cunduana ravine. Due to limited studies on Climate Change in Ecuador and challenges in accessing meteorological data, this study employed hydrological and hydraulic models to simulate local conditions. Climate Change scenarios were implemented to analyze potential future conditions in the ravine, aiming to identify climate effects and forecast future flood zones. Intensity-Duration-Frequency curves were generated using historical data from the M1036 agrometeorological station and climate scenarios from the Ministry of Environment, Water, and Ecological Transition. Hydrological and hydraulic modeling was performed using Hec-hms and Iber models, incorporating the RCP 8.5 climate scenario over a 50-year return period, resulting in maps of new flood zones. The findings indicated variations of up to 0.60 m3/s in flow and 0.90 m in observed water levels between the current and future situations. Although flood-prone areas did not change significantly, the slight increases in values could elevate the current risks to human lives and property during flood events. It is crucial for regulatory authorities to propose action plans to mitigate hazards associated with such situations.
Keywords: Climate change, hydrological modeling, hygraulic modeling, floods.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 18 de octubre de 2023.Fecha de aceptación: 19 de diciembre de 2023.Fecha de publicación: 10 de enero de 2024
Impacto del modelado hidráulico en la gestión de crisis hídricas
Get PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v7i14edespdic.0252
Managing water crises, such as droughts and floods, requires strategic approaches that integrate advanced tools to mitigate the impacts of extreme events. This article aims to analyse the impact of hydraulic modelling on water crisis management, exploring its effectiveness in optimising resources and preventing disasters through a narrative review of recent literature. The methodology consisted of the selection and analysis of studies published between 2018 and 2024, focused on the use of hydraulic modelling to address problems related to prolonged droughts and urban flooding. Sources were obtained from recognised scientific databases, applying inclusion criteria such as thematic relevance and methodological rigour. The results show that hydraulic modelling is a key tool for predicting and managing critical situations. In the context of droughts, studies carried out in cities such as London have shown that efficient water redistribution, based on hydraulic simulations, can guarantee supply during periods of prolonged scarcity. On the other hand, in flood management, the case of the MOSE system in Venice stands out, which through advanced simulations has optimized the activation of hydraulic barriers, significantly reducing the damage caused by storm surges. It is concluded that hydraulic modeling not only improves the resilience of water infrastructures, but also allows for the design of adaptive strategies to face the challenges imposed by climate change. These tools enhance informed decision-making and promote sustainability in water resource management.
Keywords: water crisis management, hydraulic modeling, droughts, floods, water sustainability.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v7i14edespdic.0252
Resumen
La gestión de crisis hídricas, como sequías e inundaciones, requiere enfoques estratégicos que integren herramientas avanzadas para mitigar los impactos de fenómenos extremos. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el impacto del modelado hidráulico en la gestión de crisis hídricas, explorando su efectividad en la optimización de recursos y la prevención de desastres mediante una revisión narrativa de la literatura reciente. La metodología consistió en la selección y análisis de estudios publicados entre 2018 y 2024, enfocados en el uso del modelado hidráulico para abordar problemas relacionados con sequías prolongadas e inundaciones urbanas. Las fuentes se obtuvieron de bases de datos científicas reconocidas, aplicando criterios de inclusión como la relevancia temática y el rigor metodológico. Los resultados evidencian que el modelado hidráulico es una herramienta clave para prever y gestionar situaciones críticas. En el contexto de sequías, estudios realizados en ciudades como Londres han demostrado que la redistribución eficiente del agua, basada en simulaciones hidráulicas, puede garantizar el abastecimiento durante períodos de escasez prolongada. Por otro lado, en la gestión de inundaciones, se destaca el caso del sistema MOSE en Venecia, que mediante simulaciones avanzadas ha optimizado la activación de barreras hidráulicas, reduciendo significativamente los daños causados por marejadas ciclónicas.Se concluye que el modelado hidráulico no solo mejora la resiliencia de las infraestructuras hídricas, sino que también permite diseñar estrategias adaptativas frente a los desafíos impuestos por el cambio climático. Estas herramientas potencian la toma de decisiones informadas y promueven la sostenibilidad en la gestión de recursos hídricos.
Palabras clave: gestión de crisis hídricas, modelado hidráulico, sequías, inundaciones, sostenibilidad hídrica.
Abstract
Managing water crises, such as droughts and floods, requires strategic approaches that integrate advanced tools to mitigate the impacts of extreme events. This article aims to analyse the impact of hydraulic modelling on water crisis management, exploring its effectiveness in optimising resources and preventing disasters through a narrative review of recent literature. The methodology consisted of the selection and analysis of studies published between 2018 and 2024, focused on the use of hydraulic modelling to address problems related to prolonged droughts and urban flooding. Sources were obtained from recognised scientific databases, applying inclusion criteria such as thematic relevance and methodological rigour. The results show that hydraulic modelling is a key tool for predicting and managing critical situations. In the context of droughts, studies carried out in cities such as London have shown that efficient water redistribution, based on hydraulic simulations, can guarantee supply during periods of prolonged scarcity. On the other hand, in flood management, the case of the MOSE system in Venice stands out, which through advanced simulations has optimized the activation of hydraulic barriers, significantly reducing the damage caused by storm surges. It is concluded that hydraulic modeling not only improves the resilience of water infrastructures, but also allows for the design of adaptive strategies to face the challenges imposed by climate change. These tools enhance informed decision-making and promote sustainability in water resource management.
Keywords: water crisis management, hydraulic modeling, droughts, floods, water sustainability.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 16 de septiembre de 2024.Fecha de aceptación: 15 de noviembre de 2024.Fecha de publicación: 01 de diciembre de 2024
Flora asociada a un sistema agroforestal en frutales en la granja experimental La Pradera, Chaltura
Get PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v7i14edespdic.0254
One of the greatest limitations in agronomic crops is the presence of weeds, which is why in recent years it has been decided to implement integrated management, since this type of plants fulfill various functions in agroecosystems, for example, in ethnobotany by its medicinal and agricultural use for soil conservation and as food suppliers. The objective of this research was to identify the weed flora, its richness and agroecological benefits. The research was carried out at the La Pradera Chaltura Experimental Farm. Where weeds were sampled in avocado, lemon and mandarin fruit crops using a 1m x 1m quadrant for 6 months. A total of 20 botanical families were recorded, with 37 species found, with the Asteraceae and Poaceae families presenting the highest values in richness and abundance. The value obtained through the Shannon Wienner H' index was 3.18, which indicates a medium diversity, due to the homogeneous presence of the species in most of the quadrants. The most notable uses of the identified weeds are: pollinator plants, soil cover and insect hosts. Although some of the weeds found have their degree of invasiveness, the vast majority are an important component since they are ecological indicators for crops.
Keywords: weeds, Shannon Wienner H’ index, fruit trees, diversity.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v7i14edespdic.0254
Resumen
Una de las mayores limitaciones en los cultivos agronómico es la presencia de arvenses, por ello en los últimos años se ha optado por implementar un manejo integrado, ya que este tipo de plantas cumplen diversas funciones en los agroecosistemas, por ejemplo, en la etnobotánica por su uso medicinal y en lo agrícola para la conservación de suelos y como proveedores de alimentos. El objetivo de esta investigación consistió en identificar la flora arvense de un agroecosistema. La investigación se realizó en la Granja Experimental La Pradera en Chaltura - Imbabura, donde se muestrearon arvenses presentes en cultivos frutales de aguacate, limón y mandarina; se evaluaron cuadrantes de 1m x 1m durante 6 meses. Se registraron un total de 20 familias botánicas, encontrándose 37 especies, siendo las familias Asteraceae y Poaceae las que presentaron mayores valores en riqueza y abundancia. El valor obtenido a través del índice de Shannon Wienner H’ fue de 3.18, lo cual nos indica una diversidad media, debido a la presencia homogénea de las especies en la mayoría de los cuadrantes. Además, se identificó los usos de las arvenses identificando sus aportes como plantas polinizadoras, cobertura de suelo y hospederas de enemigos naturales. A pesar de que algunas de las arvenses encontradas presentan su grado de invasividad, en su gran mayoría son un componente importante ya que son indicadoras ecológicas para los cultivos.
Palabras clave: arvenses, índice de Shannon Wienner H’, frutales, diversidad.
Abstract
One of the greatest limitations in agronomic crops is the presence of weeds, which is why in recent years it has been decided to implement integrated management, since this type of plants fulfill various functions in agroecosystems, for example, in ethnobotany by its medicinal and agricultural use for soil conservation and as food suppliers. The objective of this research was to identify the weed flora, its richness and agroecological benefits. The research was carried out at the La Pradera Chaltura Experimental Farm. Where weeds were sampled in avocado, lemon and mandarin fruit crops using a 1m x 1m quadrant for 6 months. A total of 20 botanical families were recorded, with 37 species found, with the Asteraceae and Poaceae families presenting the highest values in richness and abundance. The value obtained through the Shannon Wienner H' index was 3.18, which indicates a medium diversity, due to the homogeneous presence of the species in most of the quadrants. The most notable uses of the identified weeds are: pollinator plants, soil cover and insect hosts. Although some of the weeds found have their degree of invasiveness, the vast majority are an important component since they are ecological indicators for crops.
Keywords: weeds, Shannon Wienner H’ index, fruit trees, diversity.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 16 de septiembre de 2024.Fecha de aceptación: 15 de noviembre de 2024.Fecha de publicación: 10 de diciembre de 2024
Niveles de eficiencia del post uso de manufactura esbelta en la reducción de tiempos de servicios en laboratorios de inyección a diésel del cantón Quevedo
Get PDFThe general objective of this research was to evaluate the impact of the implementation of lean manufacturing tools on the reduction of service times and the improvement of operational efficiency in the diesel injection laboratories of the Quevedo canton. To do this, a quantitative methodology was used that included data collection and analysis before and after the implementation of lean tools such as 5S and Kanban. Service time measurements were made at various stages of the process and Student's T tests were applied to determine the significance of the observed differences. Additionally, employee and customer perceptions were collected through surveys. The main finding of this study was a significant reduction in service times after the implementation of lean manufacturing tools. For example, precleaning time decreased from 16.29 minutes to 12.43 minutes, and bench diagnostic time decreased from 15.86 minutes to 12.57 minutes. These results were statistically significant, validating the effectiveness of lean tools. In conclusion, the implementation of lean manufacturing in diesel injection laboratories resulted in notable improvements in operational efficiency and customer satisfaction. This study highlights the importance of maintaining discipline in the application of lean tools and their potential to optimize processes in similar industrial contexts.
Keywords: Lean Manufacturing, service times, quality, efficiency.El objetivo general de esta investigación fue evaluar el impacto de la implementación de herramientas de manufactura esbelta en la reducción de tiempos de servicio y la mejora de la eficiencia operativa en los laboratorios de inyección a diésel del cantón Quevedo. Para ello, se empleó una metodología cuantitativa que incluyó la recolección y análisis de datos antes y después de la implementación de herramientas esbeltas como 5S y Kanban. Se realizaron mediciones de tiempos de servicio en diversas etapas del proceso y se aplicaron pruebas T-Student para determinar la significancia de las diferencias observadas. Además, se recolectaron percepciones de empleados y clientes mediante encuestas. El principal hallazgo de este estudio fue una reducción significativa en los tiempos de servicio tras la implementación de las herramientas de manufactura esbelta. Por ejemplo, el tiempo de limpieza previa disminuyó de 16.29 minutos a 12.43 minutos, y el tiempo de diagnóstico en banco de prueba se redujo de 15.86 minutos a 12.57 minutos. Estos resultados fueron estadísticamente significativos, validando la efectividad de las herramientas esbeltas. En conclusión, la implementación de manufactura esbelta en los laboratorios de inyección a diésel resultó en mejoras notables en la eficiencia operativa y la satisfacción del cliente. Este estudio destaca la importancia de mantener la disciplina en la aplicación de herramientas esbeltas y su potencial para optimizar procesos en contextos industriales similares.
Palabras clave: Manufactura Esbelta, tiempos de servicio, calidad, eficiencia.
Abstract
The general objective of this research was to evaluate the impact of the implementation of lean manufacturing tools on the reduction of service times and the improvement of operational efficiency in the diesel injection laboratories of the Quevedo canton. To do this, a quantitative methodology was used that included data collection and analysis before and after the implementation of lean tools such as 5S and Kanban. Service time measurements were made at various stages of the process and Student's T tests were applied to determine the significance of the observed differences. Additionally, employee and customer perceptions were collected through surveys. The main finding of this study was a significant reduction in service times after the implementation of lean manufacturing tools. For example, precleaning time decreased from 16.29 minutes to 12.43 minutes, and bench diagnostic time decreased from 15.86 minutes to 12.57 minutes. These results were statistically significant, validating the effectiveness of lean tools. In conclusion, the implementation of lean manufacturing in diesel injection laboratories resulted in notable improvements in operational efficiency and customer satisfaction. This study highlights the importance of maintaining discipline in the application of lean tools and their potential to optimize processes in similar industrial contexts.
Keywords: Lean Manufacturing, service times, quality, efficiency.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 18 de octubre de 2023.Fecha de aceptación: 19 de diciembre de 2023.Fecha de publicación: 10 de enero de 2024
Modelos de Enseñanza Activa en la Educación Superior para la Ingeniería Civil
Get PDFActive learning has proven to be effective in higher education, particularly in the training of civil engineers. This study reviewed various active methodologies, such as Project-Based Learning (PBL), flipped classrooms, and gamification, and their impact on academic performance and the development of professional competencies in civil engineering. A systematic literature review was conducted, gathering studies from relevant academic databases. The review included studies that analyzed the effectiveness of these methodologies in civil engineering programs, evaluating both academic performance and student satisfaction and motivation. The results indicated that active methodologies, such as PBL and flipped classrooms, significantly improved the understanding of complex concepts and academic performance compared to traditional methods. Additionally, these methodologies promoted the development of key engineering skills, such as problem-solving and teamwork. However, the implementation of these models faces challenges related to infrastructure and faculty training. Active learning in civil engineering offers clear benefits in terms of academic performance and professional preparation. Despite the challenges in its implementation, future prospects are promising, with opportunities to integrate technological innovations that optimize teaching.
Keywords: Active learning, civil engineering, PBL, flipped classroom, gamification.La enseñanza activa ha demostrado ser efectiva en la educación superior, especialmente en la formación de ingenieros civiles. Este estudio revisó diversas metodologías activas, como el Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos (PBL), el aula invertida y la gamificación, y su impacto en el rendimiento académico y desarrollo de competencias profesionales en la ingeniería civil. Se llevó a cabo una revisión bibliográfica sistemática, recopilando estudios de bases de datos académicas relevantes. La revisión incluyó estudios que analizaban la efectividad de estas metodologías en programas de ingeniería civil, evaluando tanto el rendimiento académico como la satisfacción y motivación de los estudiantes. Los resultados indicaron que las metodologías activas, como PBL y el aula invertida, mejoraron significativamente la comprensión de conceptos complejos y el rendimiento académico en comparación con métodos tradicionales. Además, estas metodologías promovieron el desarrollo de habilidades clave para la ingeniería, como la resolución de problemas y el trabajo en equipo. Sin embargo, la implementación de estos modelos enfrenta desafíos relacionados con la infraestructura y la formación del profesorado. La enseñanza activa en ingeniería civil ofrece beneficios claros en términos de rendimiento académico y preparación profesional. A pesar de los desafíos en su implementación, las perspectivas futuras son prometedoras, con oportunidades para integrar innovaciones tecnológicas que optimicen la enseñanza.
Palabras clave: Enseñanza activa, Ingeniería civil, PBL, Aula invertida, Gamificación.
Abstract
Active learning has proven to be effective in higher education, particularly in the training of civil engineers. This study reviewed various active methodologies, such as Project-Based Learning (PBL), flipped classrooms, and gamification, and their impact on academic performance and the development of professional competencies in civil engineering. A systematic literature review was conducted, gathering studies from relevant academic databases. The review included studies that analyzed the effectiveness of these methodologies in civil engineering programs, evaluating both academic performance and student satisfaction and motivation. The results indicated that active methodologies, such as PBL and flipped classrooms, significantly improved the understanding of complex concepts and academic performance compared to traditional methods. Additionally, these methodologies promoted the development of key engineering skills, such as problem-solving and teamwork. However, the implementation of these models faces challenges related to infrastructure and faculty training. Active learning in civil engineering offers clear benefits in terms of academic performance and professional preparation. Despite the challenges in its implementation, future prospects are promising, with opportunities to integrate technological innovations that optimize teaching.
Keywords: Active learning, civil engineering, PBL, flipped classroom, gamification.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 04 de abril de 2024.Fecha de aceptación: 06 de mayo de 2024.Fecha de publicación: 10 de julio de 2024
Proyectos sanitarios en escenarios de educación superior y sostenibilidad ambiental
Get PDFThis study analyzes the relationship between the implementation of sustainable health projects and the improvement in environmental sustainability indicators in three universities in the province of Manabí: the Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí (ULEAM), the Universidad Técnica de Manabí (UTM) and the Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabí (UNESUM). Through a quantitative, descriptive and correlational approach, the impact of these projects on the environmental management of each university is evaluated. Structured surveys were applied to professionals responsible for environmental management, addressing variables such as the number of projects implemented, the budget allocated to sustainability and the results in key indicators, such as the reduction of CO2 emissions and waste management. The Pearson correlation analysis showed a strong positive relationship between the two main variables in ULEAM and UTM, with coefficients close to 1, indicating that a higher number of projects is associated with substantial improvements in environmental indicators. At UNESUM, although the correlation was positive, a more moderate relationship was observed, suggesting a lower impact of the projects compared to the other institutions. The results of the study underline the importance of continuing to promote sustainability in the university environment, highlighting key areas for improvement in each institution.
Keywords: Health projects, Higher education, Environmental sustainability.Este estudio analiza la relación entre la implementación de proyectos sanitarios sostenibles y la mejora en los indicadores de sostenibilidad ambiental en tres universidades de la provincia de Manabí: la Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí (ULEAM), la Universidad Técnica de Manabí (UTM) y la Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabí (UNESUM). A través de un enfoque cuantitativo, descriptivo y correlacional, se evalúa el impacto de estos proyectos en la gestión ambiental de cada universidad. Se aplicaron encuestas estructuradas a los profesionales responsables de la administración ambiental, abordando variables como el número de proyectos implementados, el presupuesto destinado a sostenibilidad y los resultados en indicadores clave, tales como la reducción de emisiones de CO2 y la gestión de residuos. El análisis de correlación de Pearson mostró una fuerte relación positiva entre las dos variables principales en ULEAM y UTM, con coeficientes cercanos a 1, indicando que un mayor número de proyectos está asociado con mejoras sustanciales en los indicadores ambientales. En UNESUM, aunque la correlación fue positiva, se observó una relación más moderada, sugiriendo un menor impacto de los proyectos en comparación con las otras instituciones. Los resultados del estudio subrayan la importancia de seguir promoviendo la sostenibilidad en el ámbito universitario, destacando áreas clave para mejorar en cada institución.
Palabras clave: Proyectos sanitarios, Educación superior, Sostenibilidad ambiental.
Abstract
This study analyzes the relationship between the implementation of sustainable health projects and the improvement in environmental sustainability indicators in three universities in the province of Manabí: the Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí (ULEAM), the Universidad Técnica de Manabí (UTM) and the Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabí (UNESUM). Through a quantitative, descriptive and correlational approach, the impact of these projects on the environmental management of each university is evaluated. Structured surveys were applied to professionals responsible for environmental management, addressing variables such as the number of projects implemented, the budget allocated to sustainability and the results in key indicators, such as the reduction of CO2 emissions and waste management. The Pearson correlation analysis showed a strong positive relationship between the two main variables in ULEAM and UTM, with coefficients close to 1, indicating that a higher number of projects is associated with substantial improvements in environmental indicators. At UNESUM, although the correlation was positive, a more moderate relationship was observed, suggesting a lower impact of the projects compared to the other institutions. The results of the study underline the importance of continuing to promote sustainability in the university environment, highlighting key areas for improvement in each institution.
Keywords: Health projects, Higher education, Environmental sustainability.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 15 de abril de 2024.Fecha de aceptación: 25 de junio de 2024.Fecha de publicación: 10 de julio de 2024