Revista Científica INGENIAR - Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación
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Efectos del cambio climático en zonas urbanas aledañas a las quebradas “San Sebastián” y “El Rosario” del Cantón Guano
Get PDFThe "San Sebastián" and "El Rosario" water ravines in the Guano canton, Chimborazo province, Ecuador, alarming impacts of extreme weather events such as intense precipitation, landslides, and floods have been observed. These issues could worsen due to Climate Change and its influence on the flow regime of the ravines. The lack of specific information on the effects of Climate Change in Ecuador constrains the research to meteorological data from INAHMI and change scenarios from MAATE. The study aimed to identify flood-prone areas under unfavorable Climate Change conditions. Annual records from a hydrometeorological station were used to construct IDF curves, and hydrological and hydraulic modeling was conducted with an RCP 8.5 scenario and a 50-year return period. The results revealed a significant increase in flow velocities and water levels, with increments of up to 1.75 [m/s] and 3.31 [m] respectively. Although susceptible areas also experienced a slight increase, they pose a risk to the daily lives of residents in the Guano canton. Authorities are urged to take measures in risk management, urban planning, and long-term prevention regarding natural disasters caused by extreme weather events.
Keywords: Climate change, hydrological modeling, hygraulic modeling, floods.En las quebradas "San Sebastián" y "El Rosario" en el cantón Guano, provincia de Chimborazo, Ecuador, se han observado impactos preocupantes de eventos climáticos extremos, como precipitaciones intensas, aluviones e inundaciones. Estos problemas podrían agravarse debido al Cambio Climático y su influencia en el régimen de crecida de caudales. La falta de información sobre los efectos específicos del Cambio Climático en Ecuador limita la investigación a datos meteorológicos del INAHMI y escenarios de cambio del MAATE. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar zonas propensas a inundaciones bajo condiciones desfavorables de Cambio Climático. Se utilizaron registros anuales de una estación hidrometeorológica para construir curvas IDF y se realizaron modelaciones hidrológicas e hidráulicas con escenario RCP 8.5 y periodo de retorno de 50 años. Los resultados revelaron un aumento significativo en velocidades de flujo y niveles de agua, con incrementos de hasta 1.75 [m/s] y 3.31 [m] respectivamente. Aunque las áreas susceptibles también experimentaron un ligero aumento, representan un riesgo para la vida cotidiana de los residentes del cantón Guano. Se insta a las autoridades a tomar medidas en gestión de riesgos, planificación urbana y prevención a largo plazo frente a desastres naturales por eventos climáticos extremos.
Palabras clave: Cambio Climático, Modelación Hidrológica, Modelación Hidráulica, Inundaciones.
Abstract
The "San Sebastián" and "El Rosario" water ravines in the Guano canton, Chimborazo province, Ecuador, alarming impacts of extreme weather events such as intense precipitation, landslides, and floods have been observed. These issues could worsen due to Climate Change and its influence on the flow regime of the ravines. The lack of specific information on the effects of Climate Change in Ecuador constrains the research to meteorological data from INAHMI and change scenarios from MAATE. The study aimed to identify flood-prone areas under unfavorable Climate Change conditions. Annual records from a hydrometeorological station were used to construct IDF curves, and hydrological and hydraulic modeling was conducted with an RCP 8.5 scenario and a 50-year return period. The results revealed a significant increase in flow velocities and water levels, with increments of up to 1.75 [m/s] and 3.31 [m] respectively. Although susceptible areas also experienced a slight increase, they pose a risk to the daily lives of residents in the Guano canton. Authorities are urged to take measures in risk management, urban planning, and long-term prevention regarding natural disasters caused by extreme weather events.
Keywords: Climate change, hydrological modeling, hygraulic modeling, floods.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 18 de octubre de 2023.Fecha de aceptación: 19 de diciembre de 2023.Fecha de publicación: 10 de enero de 2024
Análisis del comportamiento mecánico de los suelos limo arenosos, estabilizado con cal y cemento
Get PDFIn this research on the stabilization of sandy loam soils with lime and cement, the mechanical behavior of these soils was determined, which included laboratory tests such as particle size analysis, Atterberg Limits tests, Proctor compaction test, California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test, and Permeability tests. In order to analyze how the properties of the material change, the properties of the sandy loam soil in its natural state were compared with those after adding lime and cement at percentages of 3%, 6%, and 9%. Other dynamic studies were conducted to explore soil properties, including the constant head permeability test. Lime was added as an admixture, resulting in low permeability with 3% lime at 2.65E-05 cm/s, and with 6% lime at 5.12E-06 cm/s. Subsequently, the permeability test was conducted using cement as an admixture, resulting in 3% cement at 2.44E-06 cm/s, 6% cement at 2.58E-06 cm/s, and 9% cement at 2.55E-07 cm/s.
Keywords: Sandy silt soil, lime, cement, mechanical behavior of the soil.En esta investigación de estabilización de los suelos limos arenosos con cal y cemento se determinó el comportamiento mecánico de estos que incluyeron la realización de ensayos de laboratorio como son: granulometría, ensayos de Límites de Atterberg, ensayo de Proctor, ensayo de capacidad portante (CBR), y ensayos de Permeabilidad. Con el fin de analizar cómo cambian las propiedades del material, además se compararon las propiedades del suelo limo - arenosos en estado natural y posteriormente adicionando la cal y el cemento en porcentajes de 3%, 6% y 9%. Se realizaron otros tipos de estudios dinámicos para explorar las propiedades del suelo, se adicionó el ensayo de permeabilidad de carga constante, utilizando los agentes incorporados de cal y cemento teniendo como resultado una baja permeabilidad con cal para el 3% con 2.65E-05 cm/s, con el 6% 5.12E-06 cm/s, posteriormente se realizó el ensayo de permeabilidad con el empleo de cemento teniendo como resultado con el 3% un 2.44E-06 cm/s, con el 6% con 2.58E-06 cm/s y con el 9% un 2.55E-07 cm/s.
Palabras clave: Suelo limo arenoso, cal, cemento, comportamiento mecánico del suelo.
Abstract
In this research on the stabilization of sandy loam soils with lime and cement, the mechanical behavior of these soils was determined, which included laboratory tests such as particle size analysis, Atterberg Limits tests, Proctor compaction test, California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test, and Permeability tests. In order to analyze how the properties of the material change, the properties of the sandy loam soil in its natural state were compared with those after adding lime and cement at percentages of 3%, 6%, and 9%. Other dynamic studies were conducted to explore soil properties, including the constant head permeability test. Lime was added as an admixture, resulting in low permeability with 3% lime at 2.65E-05 cm/s, and with 6% lime at 5.12E-06 cm/s. Subsequently, the permeability test was conducted using cement as an admixture, resulting in 3% cement at 2.44E-06 cm/s, 6% cement at 2.58E-06 cm/s, and 9% cement at 2.55E-07 cm/s.
Keywords: Sandy silt soil, lime, cement, mechanical behavior of the soil.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 18 de octubre de 2023.Fecha de aceptación: 19 de diciembre de 2023.Fecha de publicación: 10 de enero de 2024
Nivel de satisfacción en la gestión de procesos y servicios de la secretaria de Administración Pública
Get PDFIn this study, the objective was to analyze the level of satisfaction that students have regarding the management of processes and services provided by the public administration department at the Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí, "Manuel Félix López." To achieve this, a questionnaire was administered via Google Form to 120 students in the Public Administration program during the October 2022-February 2023 semester. The questionnaire aimed to determine the satisfaction level with the management and services of the department, revealing an acceptable level of satisfaction. The majority of surveyed students shared similar opinions. However, a need for improvement was identified to address general student needs. Consequently, researchers raised the question of identifying the conditions leading to a certain degree of dissatisfaction with the processes and services in that area. It is concluded that implementing new strategies is necessary to enhance the quality of management in the processes and services provided by the department, aiming to meet the students' needs.
Keywords: Level, satisfaction, management, processes, services, quality.En este trabajo, se realizó con el objetivo de analizar el nivel de satisfacción que tiene los estudiantes sobre la gestión de procesos y servicios de la secretaría de administración pública de la Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí. “Manuel Félix López” Para ello, se aplicó un cuestionario elaborado en Google Form a 120 estudiantes de la carrera de Administración Pública en el semestre octubre 2022-febrero 2023 donde se determina el nivel de satisfacción de la gestión y servicios de la secretaria de esta carrera, lo cual evidencia, que existen un grado de satisfacción aceptable, ya que la mayoría de los alumnos encuestados comparten opiniones similares. Sin embargo, se requiere de un plan de mejoras para satisfacer las necesidades que presenta en los estudiantes en general, por tal razón, nace la interrogante de los investigadores por identificar las condiciones que hace que los estudiantes tenga cierto grado de inconformidad con los procesos y servicios que se dan en dicha área, se concluyen que es necesarias aplicar nuevas estrategias que permita mejorar la calidad de gestión de los procesos y servicios que brinda la secretaria de la carrera con el fin de satisfacer las necesidades.
Palabras clave: Nivel, satisfacción, gestión, procesos, servicios, calidad.
Abstract
In this study, the objective was to analyze the level of satisfaction that students have regarding the management of processes and services provided by the public administration department at the Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí, "Manuel Félix López." To achieve this, a questionnaire was administered via Google Form to 120 students in the Public Administration program during the October 2022-February 2023 semester. The questionnaire aimed to determine the satisfaction level with the management and services of the department, revealing an acceptable level of satisfaction. The majority of surveyed students shared similar opinions. However, a need for improvement was identified to address general student needs. Consequently, researchers raised the question of identifying the conditions leading to a certain degree of dissatisfaction with the processes and services in that area. It is concluded that implementing new strategies is necessary to enhance the quality of management in the processes and services provided by the department, aiming to meet the students' needs.
Keywords: Level, satisfaction, management, processes, services, quality.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 18 de octubre de 2023.Fecha de aceptación: 19 de diciembre de 2023.Fecha de publicación: 10 de enero de 2024
Efecto del recubrimiento con quitosano en la reducción microbiológica y conservación del color del banano poscosecha
Get PDFThe objective of the present work was to determine the effect of edible chitosan coating on the microbial properties and peel color of postharvest bananas, formulating percentages of chitosan coating (0,75%-1,00%-1,25%-1,50% w/v) plus untreated bananas as a control. The experimental design employed was completely randomized blocks and Dunnett's test; with five treatments and five blocks concerning days 0, 5, 10, 10, 15, and 20 of postharvest storage. The dependent factors were peel color during ripening and microbiological count of molds and yeasts (Log UPC/g). The best results were presented in the fruit coated with 1 % chitosan, with lower lightness (54,27); the samples that reported a decrease in the count of molds and yeasts with 0,28 Log UPC/g were those coated with 1,50 % chitosan.
Keywords: Chitosan, edible coating, banana, color.El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar el efecto del recubrimiento comestible de quitosano en las propiedades microbianas y color de cáscara del banano poscosecha, formulando porcentajes del recubrimiento de quitosano (0,75%-1,00%-1,25 %-1,50 % p/v) más bananos sin tratamiento como control. El diseño experimental empleado fue de bloques completamente al azar y la prueba de Dunnett; con cinco tratamientos y cinco bloques concernientes a los días 0, 5, 10, 15 y 20 de almacenamiento poscosecha. Los factores dependientes fueron color de la cáscara durante la maduración y recuento microbiológico de mohos y levaduras (Log UPC/g). Los mejores resultados se presentaron en el fruto recubierto con 1 % de quitosano, con menor luminosidad (54,27); las muestras que reportaron disminución en el recuento de mohos y levaduras con 0,28 Log UPC/g fueron las recubiertas con 1,50 % quitosano.
Palabras clave: Quitosano, recubrimiento comestible, banano, color.
Abstract
The objective of the present work was to determine the effect of edible chitosan coating on the microbial properties and peel color of postharvest bananas, formulating percentages of chitosan coating (0,75%-1,00%-1,25%-1,50% w/v) plus untreated bananas as a control. The experimental design employed was completely randomized blocks and Dunnett's test; with five treatments and five blocks concerning days 0, 5, 10, 10, 15, and 20 of postharvest storage. The dependent factors were peel color during ripening and microbiological count of molds and yeasts (Log UPC/g). The best results were presented in the fruit coated with 1 % chitosan, with lower lightness (54,27); the samples that reported a decrease in the count of molds and yeasts with 0,28 Log UPC/g were those coated with 1,50 % chitosan.
Keywords: Chitosan, edible coating, banana, color.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 19 de mayo de 2023. Fecha de aceptación: 22 de junio de 2023.Fecha de publicación: 10 de enero de 2024
Análisis del Índice de Regularidad Internacional para la Seguridad Vial en el Paso Lateral El Carmen – Manabí
Get PDFThe study conducted on the side pass of Canton El Carmen, Manabí, has evaluated the surface regularity of the pavement using quantitative and experimental methodologies to determine its impact on road safety and serviceability. The Merlin Rugosimeter was used to determine the surface regularity of the flexible pavement in both directions of the road, from the abscissa 0+000 to 12+800. The methodology combined the experimental method, to verify the visual condition of the pavement, with quantitative and descriptive methods that used observational techniques for a detailed assessment of regularity and serviceability. The results indicated that the values of the International Roughness Index (IRI) range from 1.75 m/km to 3.54 m/km, showing from a new pavement quality to moderately irregular. Likewise, the values of the Present Serviceability Index (PSI), derived from the IRI, ranged between 2.45 and 3.48, indicating a regular to good drivability. The research concluded that it is crucial to implement a periodic maintenance plan based on the findings to extend the pavement's life and improve road safety. This plan will not only improve drivability but also the sustainability and efficiency of the road infrastructure of Canton El Carmen and surrounding areas, providing a solid foundation for future improvements and interventions in road infrastructure.
Keywords: Surface Regularity, Road Safety, Merlin Rugosimeter, Present Serviceability Index, Pavement Maintenance.El estudio realizado en el paso lateral del Cantón El Carmen, Manabí, ha evaluado la regularidad superficial del pavimento mediante metodologías cuantitativas y experimentales, para determinar su impacto en la seguridad vial y la serviciabilidad. Se empleó el Rugosímetro de Merlín para determinar la regularidad superficial del pavimento flexible en ambos sentidos de la vía, desde la abscisa 0+000 hasta la 12+800. La metodología combinó el método experimental, para verificar la condición visual del pavimento, con métodos cuantitativos y descriptivos que utilizaron técnicas observacionales para una evaluación detallada de la regularidad y serviciabilidad. los resultados indicaron que los valores del índice de regularidad internacional (IRI) varían entre 1.75 m/km y 3.54 m/km, mostrando desde una calidad de pavimento nuevo hasta moderadamente irregular. Asimismo, los valores del índice de serviciabilidad presente (PSI), derivados del IRI, oscilaron entre 2.45 y 3.48, lo que indica una transitabilidad de regular a buena. La investigación concluyó que es crucial implementar un plan de mantenimiento periódico basado en los hallazgos para prolongar la vida útil del pavimento y mejorar la seguridad vial. Este plan no solo mejorará la transitabilidad sino también la sostenibilidad y eficiencia de la infraestructura vial del cantón El Carmen y zonas adyacentes, proporcionando una base sólida para futuras mejoras e intervenciones en la infraestructura vial.
Palabras clave: Regularidad superficial, Seguridad vial, Rugosímetro de Merlín, Índice de Serviciabilidad Presente, Mantenimiento de pavimento.
Abstract
The study conducted on the side pass of Canton El Carmen, Manabí, has evaluated the surface regularity of the pavement using quantitative and experimental methodologies to determine its impact on road safety and serviceability. The Merlin Rugosimeter was used to determine the surface regularity of the flexible pavement in both directions of the road, from the abscissa 0+000 to 12+800. The methodology combined the experimental method, to verify the visual condition of the pavement, with quantitative and descriptive methods that used observational techniques for a detailed assessment of regularity and serviceability. The results indicated that the values of the International Roughness Index (IRI) range from 1.75 m/km to 3.54 m/km, showing from a new pavement quality to moderately irregular. Likewise, the values of the Present Serviceability Index (PSI), derived from the IRI, ranged between 2.45 and 3.48, indicating a regular to good drivability. The research concluded that it is crucial to implement a periodic maintenance plan based on the findings to extend the pavement's life and improve road safety. This plan will not only improve drivability but also the sustainability and efficiency of the road infrastructure of Canton El Carmen and surrounding areas, providing a solid foundation for future improvements and interventions in road infrastructure.
Keywords: Surface Regularity, Road Safety, Merlin Rugosimeter, Present Serviceability Index, Pavement Maintenance.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 16 de enero de 2024.Fecha de aceptación: 08 de marzo de 2024.Fecha de publicación: 29 de abril de 2024
Metodología para pruebas de impacto con péndulo en componentes y materiales automotrices
Get PDFIn Ecuador, there are no safety standards to verify the structural resistance of automotive components under impact loads. This explains the lack of experimental equipment for research in this area. This is concerning, as safety requirements worldwide are becoming increasingly stringent, especially for key elements of passive vehicle safety. This work develops a design methodology to establish the requirements for the testing equipment, define the necessary functions, and select the optimal solution among various alternatives. Additionally, engineering principles are used to verify the resistance and rigidity of the pendulum, ensuring a safe design. The necessary steps for its construction and assembly were outlined. Finally, four tests were conducted on a bus bumper specimen, confirming that the test can be reliably performed and that the results can be used to evaluate the behavior of components and materials typical of local automotive industry.
Keywords: Impact pendulum, mechanical design, bumper deformation.En el Ecuador no se cuenta con normas de seguridad para verificar la resistencia estructural de componentes automotrices bajo cargas de impacto, probablemente por esta razón tampoco existe evidencia de equipos experimentales para realizar investigaciones en esta área, resulta preocupante ya que los requerimientos de seguridad en todo el mudo siguen siendo más rigurosos al tratarse de elementos claves de la seguridad pasiva de los vehículos. En el presente trabajo se desarrolla una metodología de diseño que permite establecer los requerimientos del equipo de ensayos, definir las funciones requeridas y seleccionar la opción optima entre diferentes alternativas de solución. Adicionalmente se utilizan principios de ingeniería para verificar la resistencia y rigidez del péndulo garantizando un diseño seguro, luego se mencionan los pasos necesarios para su construcción y montaje. Finalmente se realizan pruebas de funcionamiento en una probeta de parachoques de un autobús con las que se logró verificar que el ensayo puede realizarse confiablemente y los resultados obtenidos pueden ser usados para evaluar el comportamiento de componentes y materiales típicos de la industria automotriz del país.
Palabras clave: Péndulo de impacto, diseño mecánico, deformación de parachoques.
Abstract
In Ecuador, there are no safety standards to verify the structural resistance of automotive components under impact loads. This explains the lack of experimental equipment for research in this area. This is concerning, as safety requirements worldwide are becoming increasingly stringent, especially for key elements of passive vehicle safety. This work develops a design methodology to establish the requirements for the testing equipment, define the necessary functions, and select the optimal solution among various alternatives. Additionally, engineering principles are used to verify the resistance and rigidity of the pendulum, ensuring a safe design. The necessary steps for its construction and assembly were outlined. Finally, four tests were conducted on a bus bumper specimen, confirming that the test can be reliably performed and that the results can be used to evaluate the behavior of components and materials typical of local automotive industry.
Keywords: Impact pendulum, mechanical design, bumper deformation.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 15 de abril de 2024.Fecha de aceptación: 25 de junio de 2024.Fecha de publicación: 10 de julio de 2024
Elaboración y evaluación fisicoquímica de una bebida de leche de soya y pasta de cacao utilizando diferentes edulcorantes
Get PDFThis study aimed to elaborate and evaluate a soy milk (Glycine max) beverage, flavored with organic cocoa paste (Theobroma cacao), adding different types of sweeteners, demonstrating that the variables analyzed influenced the beverage's properties. Three factors were studied at various levels, obtaining twelve treatments (T): Factor A was the concentration of soy milk (50 mL and 36 mL), factor B was the concentration of cocoa paste (5 g and 10 g) and factor C was the type of sweetener (Sucrose, Panela and Stevia) with 3 replicates for each analysis, giving 36 experimental units; applying a statistical model of trifactorial design. The physicochemical parameters pH, acidity, soluble solids, turbidity, and density of the soy and cocoa paste beverage treatments were evaluated. The best results for soluble solids (13.59) and density (1.06 NTU) were obtained for treatment a0b0c0 (50 mL soy milk + 5 g cocoa paste + sucrose); the formulation (36 mL soy milk + 10 g cocoa + Stevia) improved pH (4.99); while (36 mL soy milk + 10 g cocoa + Panela) provided favorable acidity (1.90%). Finally, for turbidity (16.01 NTU), the combination (36 mL soy milk + 5 g cocoa + Stevia) offered better results.
Keywords: Beverage, soy, cocoa, sweetener.El objetivo del presente trabajo consistió en elaborar y evaluar una bebida de leche de soya (Glycine max), saborizada con pasta de cacao (Theobroma cacao) tipo orgánico, adicionando diferentes tipos de edulcorantes, demostrando que las variables analizadas influyeron en las propiedades de la bebida. Se estudiaron tres factores en diferentes niveles, obteniéndose doce tratamientos (T): Factor A fue concentración de leche de soya (50 mL y 36 mL), factor B concentración de pasta de cacao (5 g y 10 g) y factor C fue tipo de edulcorante (Sacarosa, Panela y Stevia) con 3 repeticiones por cada análisis, dando 36 unidades experimentales; aplicando un modelo estadístico de diseño trifactorial. Se evaluaron los parámetros fisicoquímicos pH, acidez, sólidos solubles, turbidez y densidad de los tratamientos de la bebida a base de soya y pasta de cacao. Los mejores resultados para las variables sólidos solubles (13,59), densidad (1,06 NTU) se obtuvieron del tratamiento a0b0c0 (50 mL de leche de soya + 5 g de Pasta de cacao + Sacarosa); con la formulación (36 mL leche de soya + 10 g de cacao + Stevia) mejoró el pH (4,99); mientras que (36 mL leche de soya + 10 g de cacao + Panela) brindó una acidez favorable (1,90%). Finalmente, para la turbidez (16,01 NTU), la combinación (36 mL leche de soya + 5 g de cacao + Stevia) ofreció mejores resultados.
Palabras clave: Bebida, soya, cacao, edulcorante.
Abstract
This study aimed to elaborate and evaluate a soy milk (Glycine max) beverage, flavored with organic cocoa paste (Theobroma cacao), adding different types of sweeteners, demonstrating that the variables analyzed influenced the beverage's properties. Three factors were studied at various levels, obtaining twelve treatments (T): Factor A was the concentration of soy milk (50 mL and 36 mL), factor B was the concentration of cocoa paste (5 g and 10 g) and factor C was the type of sweetener (Sucrose, Panela and Stevia) with 3 replicates for each analysis, giving 36 experimental units; applying a statistical model of trifactorial design. The physicochemical parameters pH, acidity, soluble solids, turbidity, and density of the soy and cocoa paste beverage treatments were evaluated. The best results for soluble solids (13.59) and density (1.06 NTU) were obtained for treatment a0b0c0 (50 mL soy milk + 5 g cocoa paste + sucrose); the formulation (36 mL soy milk + 10 g cocoa + Stevia) improved pH (4.99); while (36 mL soy milk + 10 g cocoa + Panela) provided favorable acidity (1.90%). Finally, for turbidity (16.01 NTU), the combination (36 mL soy milk + 5 g cocoa + Stevia) offered better results.
Keywords: Beverage, soy, cocoa, sweetener.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 09 de enero de 2023. Fecha de aceptación: 07 de febrero de 2023.Fecha de publicación: 10 de julio de 2024
Seguridad informática e inteligencia artificial en la investigación científica
Get PDFThis document addresses the relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) and computer security, as well as its application in the field of scientific research. In an increasingly digitized and data-dependent world, information security and the ability to extract meaningful knowledge from large data sets are crucial aspects for scientific progress. The document highlights how the integration of AI in cybersecurity has opened new possibilities to address these needs, allowing for more accurate detection of threats and more effective protection of sensitive data in the scientific field. AI powers data analysis capabilities and enables dynamic adaptation to emerging threats, thereby providing a robust defense against cyber intrusions and information loss. Ethical challenges and dilemmas associated with the application of AI in cybersecurity, such as transparency, algorithmic bias, and data privacy, are examined. Fundamental questions are raised about how to ensure the transparency and applicability of AI systems used in cybersecurity, as well as what measures to take to mitigate potential biases that could influence decisions made by these systems. The article also highlights the objective of research in this field, which seeks to explore in depth the intersection between computer security, artificial intelligence and scientific research. By better understanding this emerging field, more effective strategies can be developed to protect the integrity of scientific data and promote responsible use of AI in the advancement of human knowledge.
Keywords: Computer security, Artificial intelligence, Scientific research.Este documento aborda la relación entre la inteligencia artificial (IA) y la seguridad informática, así como su aplicación en el ámbito de la investigación científica. En un mundo cada vez más digitalizado y dependiente de datos, la seguridad de la información y la capacidad para extraer conocimiento significativo de grandes conjuntos de datos son aspectos cruciales para el progreso científico. El documento destaca cómo la integración de la IA en la seguridad informática ha abierto nuevas posibilidades para abordar estas necesidades, permitiendo una detección más precisa de amenazas y una protección más efectiva de datos sensibles en el ámbito científico. La IA potencia la capacidad de análisis de datos y permite una adaptación dinámica a las amenazas emergentes, brindando así una defensa robusta contra intrusiones cibernéticas y la pérdida de información. Se examinan los desafíos y dilemas éticos asociados con la aplicación de la IA en la seguridad informática, como la transparencia, el sesgo algorítmico y la privacidad de los datos. Se plantean preguntas fundamentales sobre cómo garantizar la transparencia y aplicabilidad de los sistemas de IA utilizados en seguridad informática, así como sobre qué medidas tomar para mitigar posibles sesgos que podrían influir en las decisiones tomadas por estos sistemas. El artículo también destaca el objetivo de la investigación en este campo, que busca explorar en profundidad la intersección entre la seguridad informática, la inteligencia artificial y la investigación científica. Al comprender mejor este campo emergente, se pueden desarrollar estrategias más efectivas para proteger la integridad de los datos científicos y promover un uso responsable de la IA en el avance del conocimiento humano.
Palabras clave: Seguridad informática, Inteligencia artificial, Investigación científica.
Abstract
This document addresses the relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) and computer security, as well as its application in the field of scientific research. In an increasingly digitized and data-dependent world, information security and the ability to extract meaningful knowledge from large data sets are crucial aspects for scientific progress. The document highlights how the integration of AI in cybersecurity has opened new possibilities to address these needs, allowing for more accurate detection of threats and more effective protection of sensitive data in the scientific field. AI powers data analysis capabilities and enables dynamic adaptation to emerging threats, thereby providing a robust defense against cyber intrusions and information loss. Ethical challenges and dilemmas associated with the application of AI in cybersecurity, such as transparency, algorithmic bias, and data privacy, are examined. Fundamental questions are raised about how to ensure the transparency and applicability of AI systems used in cybersecurity, as well as what measures to take to mitigate potential biases that could influence decisions made by these systems. The article also highlights the objective of research in this field, which seeks to explore in depth the intersection between computer security, artificial intelligence and scientific research. By better understanding this emerging field, more effective strategies can be developed to protect the integrity of scientific data and promote responsible use of AI in the advancement of human knowledge.
Keywords: Computer security, Artificial intelligence, Scientific research.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 19 de diciembre de 2023.Fecha de aceptación: 13 de febrero de 2024.Fecha de publicación: 02 de marzo de 2024
Extracción de pectina de las cáscaras de dos variedades de pitahaya (Hylocereus undatus y Selenicereus megalanthus)
Get PDFThe objective of the present work was to determine the yield of pectin extraction obtained from the peels of two varieties of dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus and Selenicereus megalanthus). The independent variables studied were: factor A variety of dragon fruit peel with two levels; red (Undatus) and yellow (Selenicereus); factor B was the pH used to obtain pectin with two levels 2 and 3. The response factors in pectin were yield percentage, free acidity, methoxyl percentage, and degree of esterification. The best yield results for red dragon fruit were pH 3, and free acidity in its maximum range (1,6). In contrast, yellow dragon fruit, were pH 2, with methoxyl content at its highest value in the red variety. The best degree of esterification (92,64 %) was for the Selenicereus megalanthus species at pH 3.
Keywords: Pectin, dragon fruit, methoxyl, esterification.El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar el rendimiento de la extracción de pectina obtenidas de las cáscaras de dos variedades de pitahaya (Hylocereus undatus y Selenicereus megalanthus). Las variables independientes estudiadas fueron: factor A variedad de la cáscara de pitahaya con dos niveles; roja (Undatus) y amarilla (Selenicereus); factor B fue el pH utilizado para la obtención de pectina con dos niveles 2 y 3. Los factores de respuesta en la pectina fueron porcentaje de rendimiento, acidez libre, porcentaje de metoxilo y grado de esterificación. Los mejores resultados de rendimiento para la pitahaya roja fueron pH 3, acidez libre en su máximo rango (1,6); mientras que en pitahaya amarilla fueron pH 2, el contenido de metoxilo en su mayor valor en la variedad roja. El mejor grado de esterificación (92,64 %) fue para la especie Selenicereus megalanthus en pH 3.
Palabras clave: Pectina, pitahaya, metoxilo, esterificación.
Abstract
The objective of the present work was to determine the yield of pectin extraction obtained from the peels of two varieties of dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus and Selenicereus megalanthus). The independent variables studied were: factor A variety of dragon fruit peel with two levels; red (Undatus) and yellow (Selenicereus); factor B was the pH used to obtain pectin with two levels 2 and 3. The response factors in pectin were yield percentage, free acidity, methoxyl percentage, and degree of esterification. The best yield results for red dragon fruit were pH 3, and free acidity in its maximum range (1,6). In contrast, yellow dragon fruit, were pH 2, with methoxyl content at its highest value in the red variety. The best degree of esterification (92,64 %) was for the Selenicereus megalanthus species at pH 3.
Keywords: Pectin, dragon fruit, methoxyl, esterification.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 29 de mayo de 2023. Fecha de aceptación: 20 de julio de 2023.Fecha de publicación: 10 de enero de 2024
Análisis histórico y determinación de los muros que conforman al patrimonio inmueble del centro histórico de Riobamba, Ecuador
Get PDFThe historic center of Riobamba holds buildings with significant characteristics that are part of the cultural heritage. However, these structures are often partially or completely demolished, erasing evidence of valuable construction materials and techniques. The research concern stems from the importance of recognizing the elements composing the architecture of heritage buildings to generate documentation and facilitate possible recovery efforts, with a focus on promoting maintenance practices compatible with these properties. The study has centered on examining the walls or partitions of these buildings, understanding that they are the elements supporting vernacular materials such as earth, serving as a base for their consolidation, and often being the first to be removed or replaced by contemporary materials.
Keywords: heritage property, traditional architecture, construction techniques, earthen materials, wall.El centro histórico de Riobamba sostiene edificaciones con características importantes y forman parte del patrimonio cultural, sin embargo, las estructuras a menudo son derrocadas de forma parcial o total, eliminando evidencia de materiales y técnicas constructivas con valor. La preocupación de la investigación nace de la importancia de reconocimiento de los elementos que componen a la arquitectura de los inmuebles patrimoniales para generar una documentación y posible recuperación, tendiendo a generar prácticas de mantenimiento compatibles con los inmuebles patrimoniales. Se ha centrado en estudiar a los muros o paredes que conforman los inmuebles, entendiendo que son los elementos que sostienen materiales vernáculos como la tierra como base para su consolidación y son en muchos de los casos los primeros en ser eliminados o remplazados por materiales contemporáneos.
Palabras clave: patrimonio inmueble, arquitectura tradicional, técnicas constructivas, tierra cruda, muro.
Abstract
The historic center of Riobamba holds buildings with significant characteristics that are part of the cultural heritage. However, these structures are often partially or completely demolished, erasing evidence of valuable construction materials and techniques. The research concern stems from the importance of recognizing the elements composing the architecture of heritage buildings to generate documentation and facilitate possible recovery efforts, with a focus on promoting maintenance practices compatible with these properties. The study has centered on examining the walls or partitions of these buildings, understanding that they are the elements supporting vernacular materials such as earth, serving as a base for their consolidation, and often being the first to be removed or replaced by contemporary materials.
Keywords: heritage property, traditional architecture, construction techniques, earthen materials, wall.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 19 de diciembre de 2023.Fecha de aceptación: 13 de febrero de 2024.Fecha de publicación: 26 de marzo de 2024