Revista Científica INGENIAR - Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación
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    Tecnologías eficientes basadas en IA en la educación superior

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    The integration of Efficient Technologies based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) in higher education has emerged as a topic of growing interest in the academic and educational field. This document addresses the problems and justification behind the implementation of these technologies, as well as the ethical challenges they pose and the need to address them in a rigorous and responsible manner. The transformative potential of AI-based technologies in higher education is highlighted, as well as the ethical challenges that accompany their implementation. Three main ethical challenges are identified: protecting the privacy of student data, mitigating algorithmic bias in assessment and automated learning, and reflecting on the role of educators in an increasingly digitalized educational environment. Regarding the protection of student data privacy, it is argued that it is essential to establish clear data privacy policies and robust security measures to protect the confidentiality and integrity of students' personal and academic information. The importance of ensuring authorized access and ethical use of data by AI systems is highlighted. The importance of investing in the professional development of educators and promoting a holistic approach to learning that integrates technology in a complementary way to human interaction is highlighted. Keywords: Efficient technologies, artificial intelligence, higher education.La integración de Tecnologías Eficientes basadas en Inteligencia Artificial (IA) en la educación superior ha emergido como un tema de interés creciente en el ámbito académico y educativo. Este documento aborda la problemática y la justificación detrás de la implementación de estas tecnologías, así como los desafíos éticos que plantean y la necesidad de abordarlos de manera rigurosa y responsable. Se destaca el potencial transformador de las tecnologías basadas en IA en la educación superior, así como los desafíos éticos que acompañan su implementación. Se identifican tres principales desafíos éticos: la protección de la privacidad de los datos estudiantiles, la mitigación del sesgo algorítmico en la evaluación y el aprendizaje automatizado, y la reflexión sobre el papel de los educadores en un entorno educativo cada vez más digitalizado. En cuanto a la protección de la privacidad de los datos estudiantiles, se argumenta que es fundamental establecer políticas claras de privacidad de datos y medidas de seguridad robustas para proteger la confidencialidad y la integridad de la información personal y académica de los estudiantes. Se subraya la importancia de garantizar el acceso autorizado y el uso ético de los datos por parte de los sistemas de IA. Se subraya la importancia de invertir en el desarrollo profesional de los educadores y fomentar un enfoque holístico del aprendizaje que integre la tecnología de manera complementaria a la interacción humana. Palabras clave: Tecnologías eficientes, inteligencia artificial, educación superior. Abstract The integration of Efficient Technologies based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) in higher education has emerged as a topic of growing interest in the academic and educational field. This document addresses the problems and justification behind the implementation of these technologies, as well as the ethical challenges they pose and the need to address them in a rigorous and responsible manner. The transformative potential of AI-based technologies in higher education is highlighted, as well as the ethical challenges that accompany their implementation. Three main ethical challenges are identified: protecting the privacy of student data, mitigating algorithmic bias in assessment and automated learning, and reflecting on the role of educators in an increasingly digitalized educational environment. Regarding the protection of student data privacy, it is argued that it is essential to establish clear data privacy policies and robust security measures to protect the confidentiality and integrity of students' personal and academic information. The importance of ensuring authorized access and ethical use of data by AI systems is highlighted. The importance of investing in the professional development of educators and promoting a holistic approach to learning that integrates technology in a complementary way to human interaction is highlighted. Keywords: Efficient technologies, artificial intelligence, higher education. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 16 de enero de 2024.Fecha de aceptación: 15 de marzo de 2024.Fecha de publicación: 19 de abril de 2024

    La gamificación en la enseñanza de la biología: Un modelo teórico basado en la motivación intrínseca

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    DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v7i14edespdic.0250 The teaching of biology faces significant challenges related to student motivation and the adoption of innovative methodologies. This study proposes a theoretical model based on gamification to enhance intrinsic motivation and improve learning outcomes. Through a narrative review of the literature (2014-2024), key benefits of gamification were identified, including increased engagement, self-regulation, and critical thinking among biology students. The proposed model includes four fundamental components: progression system, game mechanics, biological narrative, and immediate feedback, designed to meet basic psychological needs according to self-determination theory. While gamification proves effective, its implementation faces challenges such as insufficient teacher training and the need for balanced design. It is concluded that gamification, when used appropriately, can transform biology education into a more engaging and meaningful process. Keywords: Gamification, intrinsic motivation, biology teaching, educational strategies, meaningful learning.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v7i14edespdic.0250 Resumen La enseñanza de la biología enfrenta retos significativos relacionados con la motivación estudiantil y la adopción de metodologías innovadoras. Este estudio propone un modelo teórico basado en la gamificación para potenciar la motivación intrínseca y mejorar los resultados de aprendizaje. Mediante una revisión narrativa de la literatura (2014-2024), se identificaron los beneficios clave de la gamificación, como el aumento del compromiso, la autorregulación y el pensamiento crítico en estudiantes de biología. El modelo propuesto incluye cuatro componentes fundamentales: sistema de progresión, mecánicas de juego, narrativa biológica y feedback inmediato, diseñados para satisfacer las necesidades psicológicas básicas según la teoría de la autodeterminación. Aunque la gamificación demuestra ser eficaz, su implementación enfrenta desafíos como la falta de formación docente y la necesidad de un diseño equilibrado. Se concluye que la gamificación, utilizada adecuadamente, puede transformar la enseñanza de la biología en un proceso más atractivo y significativo. Palabras clave: Gamificación, motivación intrínseca, enseñanza de biología, estrategias educativas, aprendizaje significativo. Abstract The teaching of biology faces significant challenges related to student motivation and the adoption of innovative methodologies. This study proposes a theoretical model based on gamification to enhance intrinsic motivation and improve learning outcomes. Through a narrative review of the literature (2014-2024), key benefits of gamification were identified, including increased engagement, self-regulation, and critical thinking among biology students. The proposed model includes four fundamental components: progression system, game mechanics, biological narrative, and immediate feedback, designed to meet basic psychological needs according to self-determination theory. While gamification proves effective, its implementation faces challenges such as insufficient teacher training and the need for balanced design. It is concluded that gamification, when used appropriately, can transform biology education into a more engaging and meaningful process. Keywords: Gamification, intrinsic motivation, biology teaching, educational strategies, meaningful learning. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 16 de septiembre de 2024.Fecha de aceptación: 15 de noviembre de 2024.Fecha de publicación: 01 de diciembre de 2024

    Impacto de las barreras urbanas arquitectónicas en ciudades pequeñas 2024

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    Small cities are generally left behind in terms of improvements to their urban area, either due to lack of budget or due to the negligence of those who administer public power. Urban architectural barriers refer to those physical obstacles that prevent the mobility and accessibility of people, mainly those who have a physical or sensory disability. The objective of the research is to analyze the impact of urban architectural barriers in small cities 2024. As results, it was possible to describe the main urban architectural barriers, and their negative impact on the quality of life of the population, due to the limitation of mobility, social participation and access to opportunities. Keywords: urban barriers, mobility, accessibility.Las ciudades pequeñas generalmente se quedan represadas en cuanto a mejoras de su zona urbana, bien por falta de presupuesto o por la negligencia de quienes administran el poder público. Las barreras urbanas arquitectónicas se refieren a aquellos obstáculos físicos que impiden la movilidad y la accesibilidad de las personas, principalmente por aquellas que presentan alguna discapacidad física o sensorial. El objetivo de la investigación pretende analizar el impacto de las barreras urbanas arquitectónicas en ciudades pequeñas 2024. Como resultados se logró describir las principales barreras urbanas arquitectónicas, y su impacto negativo para la calidad de vida de la población, por la limitación de la movilidad, participación social y acceso a oportunidades. Palabras clave: barreras urbanas, movilidad, accesibilidad. Abstract Small cities are generally left behind in terms of improvements to their urban area, either due to lack of budget or due to the negligence of those who administer public power. Urban architectural barriers refer to those physical obstacles that prevent the mobility and accessibility of people, mainly those who have a physical or sensory disability. The objective of the research is to analyze the impact of urban architectural barriers in small cities 2024. As results, it was possible to describe the main urban architectural barriers, and their negative impact on the quality of life of the population, due to the limitation of mobility, social participation and access to opportunities. Keywords: urban barriers, mobility, accessibility. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 15 de abril de 2024.Fecha de aceptación: 25 de junio de 2024.Fecha de publicación: 10 de julio de 2024

    Evaluación Técnica y Económica del Proyecto de Ley de Competitividad Energética en el Largo Plazo

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    Electricity consumption increases year after year, particularly due to population growth, as well as the growth of the industrial park. The first relevant aspect to be considered is that a greater production of electric energy is associated with an increase in CO2 emissions, which leads to global warming and climate change, especially when this energy source is produced by conventional means. This is why, in addition to the generation of clean energy, legal instruments such as the Long-Term Energy Competitiveness Bill must be promoted, whose Technical and Economic Evaluation was evaluated in this research. The methodology combined qualitative and quantitative approaches: a bibliographic review was carried out to study the historical evolution of subsidies, and tools such as SWOT were used to evaluate the current situation. The study design was documentary and descriptive with a quasi-experimental component, using data from secondary sources organized and analyzed with Microsoft Excel to present results through graphs and tables. The results show that in the long term the law will maintain the growth observed in the electricity sector, supported also by the use of sustainable energy sources at low costs. Therefore, from a prospective point of view, it is expected that the law will attract both national and foreign investments, which will boost the growth of the sector and improve energy efficiency based on the implementation of clean technologies. Keywords: electricity, energy, competitiveness, development, sustainability.El consumo de energía eléctrica aumenta año tras año debido particularmente al crecimiento de la población, así como el aumento del parque industrial. El primer aspecto relevante que se debe considera es que una mayor producción de energía eléctrica está asociado a un aumento de las emisiones de CO2 lo que conduce al calentamiento global y el cambio climático, en especial cuando esta fuente energética es producida por medios convencionales. Es por ello que además de la generación de energía limpia se debe promover instrumentos legales como el Proyecto de Ley de Competitividad Energética en el Largo Plazo, cuya Evaluación Técnica y Económica fue evaluada en esta investigación. La metodología combinó enfoques cualitativos y cuantitativos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica para estudiar la evolución histórica de los subsidios, y se utilizaron herramientas como el análisis FODA para evaluar la situación actual. El diseño del estudio fue documental y descriptivo con un componente cuasi-experimental, utilizando datos de fuentes secundarias organizados y analizados con Microsoft Excel para presentar resultados mediante gráficos y tablas. Los resultados muestran que a largo plazo la ley mantendrá el crecimiento observado en el sector eléctrico, apoyado además en el uso de fuentes de energía sustentable a bajo costo, por lo que desde el punto de vista prospectivo se espera que la ley atraerá inversiones tanto nacionales como extranjeras, lo que impulsará el crecimiento del sector y mejorará la eficiencia energética basado en la implementación de tecnologías limpias. Palabras clave: electricidad, energía, competitividad, desarrollo, sostenibilidad. Abstract Electricity consumption increases year after year, particularly due to population growth, as well as the growth of the industrial park. The first relevant aspect to be considered is that a greater production of electric energy is associated with an increase in CO2 emissions, which leads to global warming and climate change, especially when this energy source is produced by conventional means. This is why, in addition to the generation of clean energy, legal instruments such as the Long-Term Energy Competitiveness Bill must be promoted, whose Technical and Economic Evaluation was evaluated in this research. The methodology combined qualitative and quantitative approaches: a bibliographic review was carried out to study the historical evolution of subsidies, and tools such as SWOT were used to evaluate the current situation. The study design was documentary and descriptive with a quasi-experimental component, using data from secondary sources organized and analyzed with Microsoft Excel to present results through graphs and tables. The results show that in the long term the law will maintain the growth observed in the electricity sector, supported also by the use of sustainable energy sources at low costs. Therefore, from a prospective point of view, it is expected that the law will attract both national and foreign investments, which will boost the growth of the sector and improve energy efficiency based on the implementation of clean technologies. Keywords: electricity, energy, competitiveness, development, sustainability. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 15 de julio de 2024.Fecha de aceptación: 05 de septiembre de 2024.Fecha de publicación: 07 de octubre de 2024

    Análisis de los parámetros que afectan a la disponibilidad de la laminadora de la empresa 3A Composites - Plantabal

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    The present work had as objective to find the parameters that affect the availability of the laminator of the company 3A Composites - Plantabal In the year 2022 there is a total of 231 interventions of the technical maintenance who in turn in Stop time Non-Productive of the equipment means 211.49 hours in the lamination subarea (4 equipment) of the D100 production area. Giving an average value close to 1 hour in repair time, according to the history of breakdowns and an Ishikawa analysis, it can be determined that 81% of the total stops of less than 1 hour represent downtime 44%. By using the failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) method, it was possible to find and weigh through a criticality analysis the parameters and components that have affected the availability of the horizontal band saw. An assessment could be found among the equipment with the lowest availability along with the indicators of labor, costs, among others. Keywords: Horizontal band saw, Availability, Criticality, Indicators, Maintenance, Failures.El objetivo del presenta trabajo fue encontrar los parámetros que afectan en la disponibilidad de la laminadora de la empresa 3A Composites – Plantabal en el año 2022. Se tiene un total de 231 intervenciones del personal técnico de mantenimiento que a su vez en tiempo de detención no productivo del equipo significa 211.49 horas  en el sub área de laminadoras (4 equipos) del área de producción D100. Dando por promedio un valor cercano a la 1 hora en el tiempo de reparación, según el  historial de averías y una análisis Ishikawa se puede determinar que el 81% del total de las detenciones menores a 1 hora representa en tiempo de detención 44% . Mediante el uso de la método de análisis modal de fallas y efectos (AMFE) se pudo encontrar y ponderar mediante una análisis de criticidad los parámetros y componentes que han afectado a la disponibilidad de la laminadora. Se pudo encontrar una en correlación entre los equipos menor disponibilidad junto con los indicares de mano de obra, costos entre otros. Palabras clave: Laminadora, Disponibilidad, Criticidad, Indicadores, Mantenimiento, Fallas. Abstract The present work had as objective to find the parameters that affect the availability of the laminator of the company 3A Composites - Plantabal In the year 2022 there is a total of 231 interventions of the technical maintenance who in turn in Stop time Non-Productive of the equipment means 211.49 hours in the lamination subarea (4 equipment) of the D100 production area. Giving an average value close to 1 hour in repair time, according to the history of breakdowns and an Ishikawa analysis, it can be determined that 81% of the total stops of less than 1 hour represent downtime 44%. By using the failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) method, it was possible to find and weigh through a criticality analysis the parameters and components that have affected the availability of the horizontal band saw. An assessment could be found among the equipment with the lowest availability along with the indicators of labor, costs, among others. Keywords: Horizontal band saw, Availability, Criticality, Indicators, Maintenance, Failures. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 16 de enero de 2024.Fecha de aceptación: 15 de marzo de 2024.Fecha de publicación: 04 de abril de 2024

    Inteligencia artificial y gobiernos de la información

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    Artificial intelligence (AI) has profoundly transformed information governance by enabling efficient management of large volumes of data and automating decision-making. This article explores three key aspects of the relationship between AI and information governance: the concepts and applications of AI in data management, the AI-based tools used for information flow optimization, and the impact of these technologies on decision-making. AI improves the accuracy and speed of data classification, analysis, and protection, facilitating more informed decisions and eliminating human bias. However, it also presents ethical and security challenges that require human regulation and control. The application of AI in information governance continues to advance, showing a positive impact on the operational and strategic efficiency of organizations, although with the need to address challenges related to transparency and ethics. Keywords: Artificial intelligence, information governance, emerging technologies.La inteligencia artificial (IA) ha transformado profundamente el gobierno de la información al permitir una gestión eficiente de grandes volúmenes de datos y automatizar la toma de decisiones. Este artículo explora tres aspectos clave de la relación entre la IA y el gobierno de la información: los conceptos y aplicaciones de la IA en la gestión de datos, las herramientas basadas en IA utilizadas para la optimización del flujo de información y el impacto de estas tecnologías en la toma de decisiones. La IA mejora la precisión y velocidad en la clasificación, análisis y protección de datos, facilitando decisiones más informadas y eliminando sesgos humanos. Sin embargo, también presenta desafíos éticos y de seguridad que requieren regulación y control humano. La aplicación de la IA en los gobiernos de la información sigue avanzando, mostrando un impacto positivo en la eficiencia operativa y estratégica de las organizaciones, aunque con la necesidad de abordar retos relacionados con la transparencia y la ética. Palabras clave: Inteligencia artificial, gobiernos de la información, tecnologías emergentes. Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) has profoundly transformed information governance by enabling efficient management of large volumes of data and automating decision-making. This article explores three key aspects of the relationship between AI and information governance: the concepts and applications of AI in data management, the AI-based tools used for information flow optimization, and the impact of these technologies on decision-making. AI improves the accuracy and speed of data classification, analysis, and protection, facilitating more informed decisions and eliminating human bias. However, it also presents ethical and security challenges that require human regulation and control. The application of AI in information governance continues to advance, showing a positive impact on the operational and strategic efficiency of organizations, although with the need to address challenges related to transparency and ethics. Keywords: Artificial intelligence, information governance, emerging technologies. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 18 de octubre de 2023.Fecha de aceptación: 19 de diciembre de 2023.Fecha de publicación: 10 de enero de 2024

    Modelación Hidrológica e Hidráulica para la Identificación de Zonas de Inundación en la Quebrada Las Abras, Riobamba

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    In this quantitative study, the hydrological and hydraulic characteristics of the Las Abras stream in the city of Riobamba were modeled to assess its flood risk. This exploratory study was conducted from January to March of this year, using maximum rainfall data to generate the design storm. Hydrological modeling was performed using HEC-HMS software, and hydraulic analysis was carried out with HEC-RAS software. The findings indicate that the stream covers an area of 50.40 km², with a perimeter of 44.55 km and a Curve Number (CN) of 61.09. The main watercourse has a length of 26.40 km and an average slope of 0.03 m/m, resulting in a peak discharge of 5.40 m³/s for a 50-year return period. The flood simulations revealed flow velocities of up to 3.00 m/s and water depths (flood levels) reaching up to 2.29 m in certain areas. In conclusion, the area is at high risk of flooding, primarily due to the accumulation of rainwater in specific sectors, exacerbated by the region's topographical characteristics and the limited response time for evacuation. Keywords: Simulation, rainfall, flooding.En esta investigación cuantitativa se modelaron las características hidrológicas e hidráulicas de la quebrada Las Abras, ubicada en la ciudad de Riobamba, con el objetivo de determinar su nivel de riesgo de inundación. El estudio, de naturaleza exploratoria, se llevó a cabo entre enero y marzo del presente año, utilizando datos de precipitaciones máximas para generar la lluvia de diseño. Posteriormente, se realizó el modelado hidrológico con el software HEC-HMS y el análisis hidráulico con HEC-RAS. Los resultados indican que la quebrada abarca un área de 50,40 km², un perímetro de 44,55 km y un Número de Curva (CN) de 61,09. El curso principal tiene una longitud de 26,40 km y una pendiente promedio de 0,03 m/m, lo que da lugar a un caudal máximo de 5,40 m³/s para un periodo de retorno de 50 años. Las simulaciones de eventos de inundación mostraron velocidades de flujo de hasta 3,00 m/s y profundidades de agua (calados) de hasta 2,29 m en algunas áreas. En conclusión, la zona presenta un alto riesgo de inundación, principalmente debido a la acumulación de aguas pluviales en sectores específicos, exacerbada por sus características topográficas y el limitado tiempo de respuesta para la evacuación. Palabras clave: Simulación, lluvias, inundación. Abstract In this quantitative study, the hydrological and hydraulic characteristics of the Las Abras stream in the city of Riobamba were modeled to assess its flood risk. This exploratory study was conducted from January to March of this year, using maximum rainfall data to generate the design storm. Hydrological modeling was performed using HEC-HMS software, and hydraulic analysis was carried out with HEC-RAS software. The findings indicate that the stream covers an area of 50.40 km², with a perimeter of 44.55 km and a Curve Number (CN) of 61.09. The main watercourse has a length of 26.40 km and an average slope of 0.03 m/m, resulting in a peak discharge of 5.40 m³/s for a 50-year return period. The flood simulations revealed flow velocities of up to 3.00 m/s and water depths (flood levels) reaching up to 2.29 m in certain areas. In conclusion, the area is at high risk of flooding, primarily due to the accumulation of rainwater in specific sectors, exacerbated by the region's topographical characteristics and the limited response time for evacuation. Keywords: Simulation, rainfall, flooding. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 15 de abril de 2024.Fecha de aceptación: 25 de junio de 2024.Fecha de publicación: 10 de julio de 2024

    Tendencias de la Inteligencia Artificial Explicable en el Área de Psicología

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    Currently, Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools have wide use in the area of psychology, but when it comes to the area of health, the procedures and decisions made by AI become something sensitive to deal with, that is where Artificial Intelligence comes in. Explainable (XAI) that provides a wide variety of processes that make the use of AI possible in this health area. This systematic literature review (SLR) demonstrates that XAI is a valuable tool for this area, offering a wide variety of processes and methods useful for improving diagnostic accuracy, assessing treatment response, understanding behavior, and human behavior patterns, managing to accelerate the attention process. This study answers 3 research questions that lead to the acceptance and use of the tools provided by the XAI, also giving a summary of the studies selected for this SLR. Keywords: XAI, Psychology, AI, SLR, methods.En la actualidad las herramientas de Inteligencia Artificial (IA) tienen un amplio uso en el área de psicología, pero al tratarse del área de la salud los procedimientos y decisiones que toma la IA se convierten en algo sensible de tratar, ahí entra la Inteligencia Artificial Explicable (XAI) que brinda una gran variedad de procesos que hacen posible el uso de IA en esta área de salud. Esta revisión sistemática de la literatura (SLR) demuestra que la XAI es una herramienta valiosa para esta área, ya que ofrece una amplia variedad de procesos y métodos útiles para mejorar la precisión de los diagnósticos, evaluar la respuesta al tratamiento, entender la conducta y patrones de comportamiento humano logrando acelerar el proceso de atención.  Este estudio da respuesta a 3 preguntas de investigación que logran dar pie a la aceptación y uso de las herramientas que brinda la XAI, dando también un resumen de los estudios seleccionados para esta SLR. Palabras clave: XAI, Psicología, IA, SLR, Métodos. Abstract Currently, Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools have wide use in the area of psychology, but when it comes to the area of health, the procedures and decisions made by AI become something sensitive to deal with, that is where Artificial Intelligence comes in. Explainable (XAI) that provides a wide variety of processes that make the use of AI possible in this health area. This systematic literature review (SLR) demonstrates that XAI is a valuable tool for this area, offering a wide variety of processes and methods useful for improving diagnostic accuracy, assessing treatment response, understanding behavior, and human behavior patterns, managing to accelerate the attention process. This study answers 3 research questions that lead to the acceptance and use of the tools provided by the XAI, also giving a summary of the studies selected for this SLR. Keywords: XAI, Psychology, AI, SLR, methods. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 18 de octubre de 2023.Fecha de aceptación: 19 de diciembre de 2023.Fecha de publicación: 10 de enero de 2024

    Aislante térmico y acústico en revestimientos de módulos prefabricados con el uso de un mortero geopolimérico

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    Civil engineering increasingly uses prefabrication due to its advantages over traditional construction: speed, lower costs and aesthetic, thermal and acoustic comfort. The use of insulating materials such as pumice, also present in the formation of geopolymers, can achieve good thermal and acoustic insulation, being an alternative to traditional mortar. This research analyzes the thermal and acoustic behavior of pumice-based geopolymer coating on prefabricated modular polystyrene panels compared to traditional mortar. Two boxes have been built that simulate a small-scale room, covered with pumice stone geopolymer and traditional mortar. Sensors connected to a basic Arduino have been placed inside that allow temperature readings to be collected to identify the thermal behavior of each box. For acoustic insulation, a sound level meter was used that provides values of the sound pressure level (Ln) to determine the sound reduction index (SRI). After the acoustic and thermal analysis, it is concluded that geopolymers have better performance than traditional mortar. Keywords: Geopolymer, thermal insulation, acoustic insulation, prefabricated modules, pumice stone.La ingeniería civil emplea cada vez más la prefabricación por sus ventajas sobre la construcción tradicional: rapidez, menores costos y confort estético, térmico y acústico. El uso de materiales aislantes como la piedra pómez, presente también en la formación de geopolímeros, puede lograr un buen aislamiento térmico y acústico, siendo una alternativa al mortero tradicional. Esta investigación analiza el comportamiento térmico y acústico del revestimiento de geopolímero a base de piedra pómez en paneles modulares prefabricados de poliestireno en comparación con el mortero tradicional. Se han construido dos cajas que simulan una habitación a pequeña escala, recubiertas con geopolímero de piedra pómez y mortero tradicional. En su interior se han colocado sensores conectados a un Arduino básico que permiten recopilar lecturas de temperatura para identificar la conducta térmica de cada caja. Para el aislamiento acústico se utilizó un sonómetro que proporciona valores del nivel de presión sonora (Ln) para determinar el índice de reducción de sonido (SRI). Tras el análisis acústico y térmico se concluye que los geopolímeros tienen un mejor comportamiento que el mortero tradicional. Palabras clave: Geopolimero, aislante térmico, aislante acústico, módulos prefabricados, piedra pómez. Abstract Civil engineering increasingly uses prefabrication due to its advantages over traditional construction: speed, lower costs and aesthetic, thermal and acoustic comfort. The use of insulating materials such as pumice, also present in the formation of geopolymers, can achieve good thermal and acoustic insulation, being an alternative to traditional mortar. This research analyzes the thermal and acoustic behavior of pumice-based geopolymer coating on prefabricated modular polystyrene panels compared to traditional mortar. Two boxes have been built that simulate a small-scale room, covered with pumice stone geopolymer and traditional mortar. Sensors connected to a basic Arduino have been placed inside that allow temperature readings to be collected to identify the thermal behavior of each box. For acoustic insulation, a sound level meter was used that provides values of the sound pressure level (Ln) to determine the sound reduction index (SRI). After the acoustic and thermal analysis, it is concluded that geopolymers have better performance than traditional mortar. Keywords: Geopolymer, thermal insulation, acoustic insulation, prefabricated modules, pumice stone. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 08 de febrero de 2024.Fecha de aceptación: 22 de abril de 2024.Fecha de publicación: 06 de mayo de 2024

    Hormigones de ultra alto desempeño: una revisión de sus propiedades, aplicaciones y desafíos

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    DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v7i14edespdic.0255 Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) represents a significant advancement in construction materials technology, distinguished by its exceptional mechanical properties and durability. This systematic review analyzes the current state of knowledge about UHPC, covering its fundamental properties, applications, and challenges. Results show that these concretes can achieve compressive strengths exceeding 150 MPa, with a dense and homogeneous microstructure contributing to their high durability. Their applications range from conventional civil engineering structures to special cases such as structure rehabilitation and complex architectural elements. However, significant challenges are identified related to material cost, workability, and environmental sustainability aspects. The incorporation of supplementary cementitious materials and the development of specialized construction techniques emerge as promising solutions to address these limitations. This review provides a comprehensive foundation for future developments in the UHPC field, highlighting the need to balance its technical benefits with economic and environmental considerations. Keywords: Mechanical strength, Durability, Microstructure, Sustainability, Advanced construction.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v7i14edespdic.0255 Resumen Los hormigones de ultra alto desempeño (UHPC) representan un avance significativo en la tecnología de materiales de construcción, destacándose por sus excepcionales propiedades mecánicas y durabilidad. Esta revisión sistemática analiza el estado actual del conocimiento sobre los UHPC, abarcando sus propiedades fundamentales, aplicaciones y desafíos. Los resultados muestran que estos hormigones pueden alcanzar resistencias a la compresión superiores a 150 MPa, con una microestructura densa y homogénea que contribuye a su alta durabilidad. Sus aplicaciones abarcan desde estructuras de ingeniería civil convencionales hasta casos especiales como la rehabilitación de estructuras y elementos arquitectónicos complejos. Sin embargo, se identifican desafíos significativos relacionados con el costo del material, su trabajabilidad y aspectos de sostenibilidad ambiental. La incorporación de materiales cementantes suplementarios y el desarrollo de técnicas de construcción especializadas emergen como soluciones prometedoras para abordar estas limitaciones. Esta revisión proporciona una base comprehensiva para futuros desarrollos en el campo de los UHPC, destacando la necesidad de equilibrar sus beneficios técnicos con consideraciones económicas y ambientales. Palabras clave: Resistencia mecánica, Durabilidad, Microestructura, Sostenibilidad, Construcción avanzada. Abstract Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) represents a significant advancement in construction materials technology, distinguished by its exceptional mechanical properties and durability. This systematic review analyzes the current state of knowledge about UHPC, covering its fundamental properties, applications, and challenges. Results show that these concretes can achieve compressive strengths exceeding 150 MPa, with a dense and homogeneous microstructure contributing to their high durability. Their applications range from conventional civil engineering structures to special cases such as structure rehabilitation and complex architectural elements. However, significant challenges are identified related to material cost, workability, and environmental sustainability aspects. The incorporation of supplementary cementitious materials and the development of specialized construction techniques emerge as promising solutions to address these limitations. This review provides a comprehensive foundation for future developments in the UHPC field, highlighting the need to balance its technical benefits with economic and environmental considerations. Keywords: Mechanical strength, Durability, Microstructure, Sustainability, Advanced construction. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 16 de septiembre de 2024.Fecha de aceptación: 15 de noviembre de 2024.Fecha de publicación: 10 de diciembre de 2024

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    Revista Científica INGENIAR - Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación
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