Revista Científica INGENIAR - Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación
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Análisis y evaluación de construcciones civiles en abandono - Portoviejo
Get PDFThe abandonment of civil constructions in Portoviejo represents a significant problem affecting both public safety and urban development. The objective of this research is to analyze the abandoned infrastructures in the city, identify the causes of their abandonment, and propose strategies to reduce this phenomenon. The methodology used included conducting surveys of residents near the abandoned constructions and reviewing normative documents and official records. The results revealed that the main causes of abandonment are the lack of financing, technical problems during construction, and the effects of the 2016 earthquake. Additionally, significant public safety risks associated with these constructions were identified. A series of strategies are proposed, such as improving financial planning, implementing stricter regulations, and developing rehabilitation and urban renewal programs to mitigate the problem of abandoned constructions. The conclusions indicate the need for continuous and coordinated intervention to ensure full recovery and prevent future abandonments in the city of Portoviejo.
Keywords: abandoned constructions; urban planning; rehabilitation strategies; financing.El abandono de construcciones civiles en Portoviejo representa un problema significativo que afecta tanto la seguridad pública como el desarrollo urbano. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar las infraestructuras abandonadas en la ciudad, identificar las causas de su abandono y proponer estrategias para reducir este fenómeno. La metodología utilizada incluyó la realización de encuestas a los residentes cercanos a las construcciones abandonadas y la revisión de documentos normativos y registros oficiales. Los resultados revelaron que las principales causas del abandono son la falta de financiamiento, problemas técnicos durante la construcción y los efectos del terremoto de 2016. Además, se identificaron riesgos significativos para la seguridad pública asociados con estas construcciones. Se propone una serie de estrategias, como la mejora de la planificación financiera, la implementación de normativas más estrictas y el desarrollo de programas de rehabilitación y renovación urbana, para mitigar el problema del abandono de construcciones. Las conclusiones indican la necesidad de una intervención continua y coordinada para asegurar la recuperación completa y la prevención de futuros abandonos en la ciudad de Portoviejo.
Palabras clave: construcciones abandonadas; planificación urbana; estrategias de rehabilitación; financiamiento.
Abstract
The abandonment of civil constructions in Portoviejo represents a significant problem affecting both public safety and urban development. The objective of this research is to analyze the abandoned infrastructures in the city, identify the causes of their abandonment, and propose strategies to reduce this phenomenon. The methodology used included conducting surveys of residents near the abandoned constructions and reviewing normative documents and official records. The results revealed that the main causes of abandonment are the lack of financing, technical problems during construction, and the effects of the 2016 earthquake. Additionally, significant public safety risks associated with these constructions were identified. A series of strategies are proposed, such as improving financial planning, implementing stricter regulations, and developing rehabilitation and urban renewal programs to mitigate the problem of abandoned constructions. The conclusions indicate the need for continuous and coordinated intervention to ensure full recovery and prevent future abandonments in the city of Portoviejo.
Keywords: abandoned constructions; urban planning; rehabilitation strategies; financing.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 15 de abril de 2024.Fecha de aceptación: 25 de junio de 2024.Fecha de publicación: 10 de julio de 2024
Análisis comparativo para el cálculo de la pila de un puente mediante el método tradicional y el software SAP2000
Get PDFThis article provides a detailed comparative analysis of the piers of a bridge using the finite element software SAP2000 and the traditional structural analysis method of load and resistance factor design by AASHTO LRFD 2017 (8th edition). The main objective is to evaluate the effectiveness and accuracy of SAP2000 compared to traditional approaches, providing a comprehensive overview of the advantages and limitations of each method in terms of modeling, simulation, and obtained results. The methodology includes modeling the bridge piers in SAP2000, specifying the geometry, material properties, boundary conditions, and applied loads. Simultaneously, the structural analysis of the piers is performed using traditional methods, detailing the procedures, simplifications, and assumptions involved. The results obtained from both methods are thoroughly compared based on key parameters such as stresses, deformations, and structural strength.
Keywords: Bridge pile, finite elements, SAP2000, traditional method.En este artículo se realiza un análisis comparativo detallado de las pilas de un puente utilizando el software de elementos finitos SAP2000 y el método tradicional de análisis estructural de diseño por factores de carga de la AASHTO LRFD 2017 (8va edición). El objetivo principal es evaluar la efectividad y precisión de SAP2000 en comparación con los enfoques tradicionales, proporcionando una visión integral de las ventajas y limitaciones de cada método en términos de modelado, simulación y resultados obtenidos. La metodología incluye la modelización de las pilas del puente en SAP2000, especificando la geometría, propiedades del material, condiciones de contorno y cargas aplicadas. Simultáneamente, se realiza el análisis estructural de las pilas utilizando métodos tradicionales, detallando los procedimientos, simplificaciones y suposiciones involucradas. Los resultados obtenidos de ambos métodos se comparan minuciosamente en función de parámetros clave como esfuerzos, deformaciones y resistencia estructural.
Palabras clave: Pila de puente, elementos finitos, SAP2000, método tradicional.
Abstract
This article provides a detailed comparative analysis of the piers of a bridge using the finite element software SAP2000 and the traditional structural analysis method of load and resistance factor design by AASHTO LRFD 2017 (8th edition). The main objective is to evaluate the effectiveness and accuracy of SAP2000 compared to traditional approaches, providing a comprehensive overview of the advantages and limitations of each method in terms of modeling, simulation, and obtained results. The methodology includes modeling the bridge piers in SAP2000, specifying the geometry, material properties, boundary conditions, and applied loads. Simultaneously, the structural analysis of the piers is performed using traditional methods, detailing the procedures, simplifications, and assumptions involved. The results obtained from both methods are thoroughly compared based on key parameters such as stresses, deformations, and structural strength.
Keywords: Bridge pile, finite elements, SAP2000, traditional method.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 15 de abril de 2024.Fecha de aceptación: 25 de junio de 2024.Fecha de publicación: 10 de julio de 2024
Uso del ladrillo reciclado triturado como sustituto del agregado fino en diseño de hormigón de 21 MPa
Get PDFOne of the main problems in the construction industry is the solid waste that comes from the demolition of old buildings and that is not disposed of technically. To provide a solution, for reusing this waste, it is important to have technical studies that support the use of recycled crushed bricks as a substitute for fine aggregate and to be able to determine its viability and resistance. This study aims to analyze the use of crushed recycled brick as a substitute for fine aggregate in a 21 MPa design, per INEN and ACI 318 standards. The methodology used is of a mixed nature, being both descriptive and experimental. For this purpose, fine and coarse aggregates from two quarries located in different provinces of Ecuador were used. The fine aggregate was substituted in percentages of 15, 20, 25 and 30%, with the elaboration of 5 mix designs, being the initial mix the standard one, and a constant water/cement ratio of 0.55; in addition, a super plasticizing additive was used. Thirty-five concrete cylinders of 100 x 200 mm were made, which were subjected to compressive strength and it was possible to determine which percentage was the most optimal. With this, it was possible to demonstrate that a concrete composed of crushed recycled bricks, substituting up to 25% of the fine aggregate, is resistant and workable.
Keywords: Crushed bricks, compression resistance, aggregates, workability, mix design.Uno de los principales problemas que se presentan en la industria de la construcción, son los desechos sólidos que provienen de la demolición de antiguas edificaciones y que no son desechados de una manera técnica. Con la finalidad de dar una solución, reutilizando estos desechos, es importante contar con estudios técnicos, que sustenten la utilización de ladrillos reciclados triturados como sustituto al agregado fino, y poder determinar su viabilidad y resistencia. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar el uso del ladrillo reciclado triturado como sustituto del agregado fino en un diseño de 21 MPa, conforme a las normativas INEN y ACI 318. La metodología empleada es de carácter mixto, siendo tanto descriptiva como experimental. Para lo cual se utilizaron agregados finos y gruesos de dos canteras ubicadas en diferentes provincias del Ecuador. La sustitución del agregado fino se la realizó en porcentajes de 15, 20, 25 y 30%, con la elaboración de 5 diseños de mezcla, siendo la mezcla inicial la estándar, y una relación agua/cemento constante de 0,55; además se utilizó un aditivo súper plastificante. Se elaboraron 35 cilindros de hormigón, de 100 x 200 mm, los cuales fueron sometidos a la resistencia a compresión y se pudo determinar cuál porcentaje fue el más óptimo. Con esto se pudo demostrar que un hormigón compuesto de ladrillos reciclado triturados, sustituyente hasta un 25% del agregado fino, es resistente y trabajable.
Palabras clave: Ladrillos triturados, resistencia a compresión, agregados, trabajabilidad, diseño de mezclas.
Abstract
One of the main problems in the construction industry is the solid waste that comes from the demolition of old buildings and that is not disposed of technically. To provide a solution, for reusing this waste, it is important to have technical studies that support the use of recycled crushed bricks as a substitute for fine aggregate and to be able to determine its viability and resistance. This study aims to analyze the use of crushed recycled brick as a substitute for fine aggregate in a 21 MPa design, per INEN and ACI 318 standards. The methodology used is of a mixed nature, being both descriptive and experimental. For this purpose, fine and coarse aggregates from two quarries located in different provinces of Ecuador were used. The fine aggregate was substituted in percentages of 15, 20, 25 and 30%, with the elaboration of 5 mix designs, being the initial mix the standard one, and a constant water/cement ratio of 0.55; in addition, a super plasticizing additive was used. Thirty-five concrete cylinders of 100 x 200 mm were made, which were subjected to compressive strength and it was possible to determine which percentage was the most optimal. With this, it was possible to demonstrate that a concrete composed of crushed recycled bricks, substituting up to 25% of the fine aggregate, is resistant and workable.
Keywords: Crushed bricks, compression resistance, aggregates, workability, mix design.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 02 de noviembre de 2023. Fecha de aceptación: 23 de diciembre de 2023.Fecha de publicación: 10 de julio de 2024
Descarbonización del sector eléctrico en Ecuador: Realidades, retos y oportunidades
Get PDFIn 2007, Ecuador's Ministry of Energy and Mines was divided into the Ministry of Mines and Petroleum and the Ministry of Electricity and Renewable Energy (MEER), allowing for more specialized management of the country’s energy and mining resources, optimizing their administration and promoting sustainable development (CEPAL, 2024). The 2008 Constitution encourages energy efficiency and the use of renewable energies, ensuring that these practices do not undermine food sovereignty or ecological balance, aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (CEPAL, 2024).. The National Plan for Good Living (PNBV) 2013-2017 aims to promote sustainable development and improve the quality of life, focusing on energy efficiency and responsible consumption (CEPAL, 2024). Ecuador faces the challenge of transforming its energy matrix, currently reliant on fossil fuels, towards renewable energy sources, which requires the removal of distorting subsidies and reinvestment in sustainable infrastructure. Despite political and social challenges, as well as a lack of infrastructure, favorable policies and the promotion of private investment can facilitate this transition. Establishing a clear regulatory framework and fostering international collaboration are essential to accelerate the adoption of renewable energies. Financing can come from multilateral funds and green bonds, ensuring transparency and accountability. This study analyzes Ecuador's efforts to decarbonize its electricity sector, highlighting the need for energy efficiency policies and reviewing global success stories to optimize the transition toward a sustainable energy model.
Keywords: Energy Decarbonization, Renewable Energies, Green Financing, Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs), Tax Incentives.En 2007, el Ministerio de Energía y Minas de Ecuador se dividió en el Ministerio de Minas y Petróleos y el Ministerio de Electricidad y Energía Renovable (MEER), lo que permitió una gestión más especializada de los recursos energéticos y mineros, optimizando su administración y promoviendo el desarrollo sostenible (CEPAL, 2024). La Constitución de 2008 fomenta la eficiencia energética y el uso de energías renovables, asegurando que estas prácticas no perjudiquen la soberanía alimentaria ni el equilibrio ecológico, alineándose con los ODS (CEPAL, 2024). El Plan Nacional para el Buen Vivir (PNBV) 2013-2017 busca promover un desarrollo sostenible y mejorar la calidad de vida, enfocándose en la eficiencia energética y el consumo responsable (CEPAL, 2024). Ecuador enfrenta el reto de transformar su matriz energética, actualmente dependiente de combustibles fósiles, hacia energías renovables, lo cual requiere la eliminación de subsidios distorsionadores y reinversión en infraestructuras sostenibles. A pesar de los desafíos políticos y sociales, así como la falta de infraestructura, políticas favorables y promoción de inversión privada pueden facilitar esta transición. Es esencial establecer un marco regulatorio claro y fomentar la colaboración internacional para acelerar la adopción de energías renovables. La financiación puede provenir de fondos multilaterales y bonos verdes, asegurando transparencia y rendición de cuentas. Este estudio analiza los esfuerzos de Ecuador en la descarbonización del sector eléctrico, resaltando la necesidad de políticas de eficiencia energética y revisando casos de éxito globales para optimizar la transición hacia un modelo energético sostenible.
Palabras clave: Descarbonización Energética, Energías Renovables, Financiamiento Verde, Acuerdos de Compra de Energía (PPA), Incentivos Fiscales.
Abstract
In 2007, Ecuador's Ministry of Energy and Mines was divided into the Ministry of Mines and Petroleum and the Ministry of Electricity and Renewable Energy (MEER), allowing for more specialized management of the country’s energy and mining resources, optimizing their administration and promoting sustainable development (CEPAL, 2024). The 2008 Constitution encourages energy efficiency and the use of renewable energies, ensuring that these practices do not undermine food sovereignty or ecological balance, aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (CEPAL, 2024).. The National Plan for Good Living (PNBV) 2013-2017 aims to promote sustainable development and improve the quality of life, focusing on energy efficiency and responsible consumption (CEPAL, 2024). Ecuador faces the challenge of transforming its energy matrix, currently reliant on fossil fuels, towards renewable energy sources, which requires the removal of distorting subsidies and reinvestment in sustainable infrastructure. Despite political and social challenges, as well as a lack of infrastructure, favorable policies and the promotion of private investment can facilitate this transition. Establishing a clear regulatory framework and fostering international collaboration are essential to accelerate the adoption of renewable energies. Financing can come from multilateral funds and green bonds, ensuring transparency and accountability. This study analyzes Ecuador's efforts to decarbonize its electricity sector, highlighting the need for energy efficiency policies and reviewing global success stories to optimize the transition toward a sustainable energy model.
Keywords: Energy Decarbonization, Renewable Energies, Green Financing, Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs), Tax Incentives.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 15 de abril de 2024.Fecha de aceptación: 25 de junio de 2024.Fecha de publicación: 10 de julio de 2024
Evaluación de la gestión energética de los nodos de telecomunicaciones de la empresa intelce con generación renovable, del cantón Palora provincia de Morona Santiago
Get PDFThis paper presents a detailed analysis of energy management in rural telecommunications nodes located in the towns of Pablo Sexto, Macas and Palora, Ecuador. The study focuses on the implementation of renewable energy sources, mainly solar, and on the optimization of energy consumption through the ZigBee monitoring network. Through simulations that include various load and generation conditions, the impact of integrating renewable energies in the electrical supply of these areas is evaluated. The results obtained are discussed in terms of energy efficiency, storage and sustainability, highlighting the benefits of using clean technologies and smart grids to improve energy autonomy in rural areas.
Keywords: Management, Node, Telecommunications, Zigbee.Este artículo presenta un análisis detallado de la gestión energética en nodos de telecomunicaciones rurales ubicados en las localidades de Pablo Sexto, Macas y Palora, Ecuador. El estudio se enfoca en la implementación de fuentes de energía renovable, principalmente solar, y en la optimización del consumo energético mediante la red de monitoreo ZigBee. A través de simulaciones que incluyen diversas condiciones de carga y generación, se evalúa el impacto de integrar energías renovables en el suministro eléctrico de estas áreas. Se discuten los resultados obtenidos en términos de eficiencia energética, almacenamiento y sostenibilidad, destacando los beneficios del uso de tecnologías limpias y redes inteligentes para mejorar la autonomía energética en zonas rurales.
Palabras clave: Gestión, Nodo, telecomunicaciones, Zigbee.
Abstract
This paper presents a detailed analysis of energy management in rural telecommunications nodes located in the towns of Pablo Sexto, Macas and Palora, Ecuador. The study focuses on the implementation of renewable energy sources, mainly solar, and on the optimization of energy consumption through the ZigBee monitoring network. Through simulations that include various load and generation conditions, the impact of integrating renewable energies in the electrical supply of these areas is evaluated. The results obtained are discussed in terms of energy efficiency, storage and sustainability, highlighting the benefits of using clean technologies and smart grids to improve energy autonomy in rural areas.
Keywords: Management, Node, Telecommunications, Zigbee.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 15 de julio de 2024.Fecha de aceptación: 05 de septiembre de 2024.Fecha de publicación: 07 de octubre de 2024
Evaluación de la Gestión de Incidentes Tecnológicos mediante la Implementación de ITIL: Un Estudio de Caso en el Cuerpo de Bomberos Salinas
Get PDFThis study focuses on evaluating the quality and efficiency in the management of technological incidents of the Salinas Fire Department, with the purpose of reducing downtime and optimizing resources, especially after the implementation of ITIL (4.0). The research is structured in three fundamental phases. First, the structure and operation of the management of technological incidents in the Salinas Fire Department is analyzed prior to the implementation of ITIL (4.0). Subsequently, the changes and improvements in the management of technological incidents after the implementation of ITIL (4.0) are identified. Finally, the impact of this implementation on efficiency, quality and response time to technological incidents is evaluated. A structured interview was carried out using a questionnaire with closed questions, aimed at the personnel of the information technology department of the fire department, with a population of 60 individuals. In addition, a regression study was carried out to explore the relationship between the implementation of Information Technology (IT) processes and two dependent variables of interest: the degree of alignment of the IT strategy with the business strategy and the impact of the management of technological incidents in strategic objectives. The results of the regression analysis reveal a moderate positive correlation between IT process implementation and strategic alignment (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.62, p < 0.05), indicating that a greater focus on process implementation is associated with a Greater strategic alignment of IT with business objectives. This finding supports the idea that efficient IT process management contributes positively to the achievement of broader strategic goals.
Keywords: ICT, Technological incidents, Risk management.Este estudio se centra en evaluar la calidad y eficiencia en la gestión de incidentes tecnológicos del Cuerpo de Bomberos de Salinas, con el propósito de reducir tiempos de inactividad y optimizar recursos, especialmente tras la implementación de ITIL (4.0). La investigación se estructura en tres fases fundamentales. Primero, se analiza la estructura y funcionamiento de la gestión de incidentes tecnológicos en el Cuerpo de Bomberos Salinas previo a la implementación de ITIL (4.0). Posteriormente, se identifican los cambios y mejoras en la gestión de incidentes tecnológicos tras la implementación de ITIL (4.0). Finalmente, se evalúa el impacto de esta implementación en la eficiencia, calidad y tiempo de respuesta a los incidentes tecnológicos. Se llevó a cabo una entrevista estructurada mediante un cuestionario con preguntas cerradas, dirigido al personal del departamento de tecnologías de información del cuerpo de bomberos, con una población de 60 individuos. Además, se realizó un estudio de regresión para explorar la relación entre la implementación de procesos en Tecnologías de la Información (TI) y dos variables dependientes de interés: el grado de alineación de la estrategia de TI con la estrategia empresarial y el impacto de la gestión de incidentes tecnológicos en los objetivos estratégicos. Los resultados del análisis de regresión revelan una correlación positiva moderada entre la implementación de procesos en TI y la alineación estratégica (coeficiente de correlación de Pearson = 0.62, p < 0.05), indicando que un mayor enfoque en la implementación de procesos está asociado a una mayor alineación estratégica de TI con los objetivos empresariales. Este hallazgo respalda la idea de que una gestión eficiente de procesos en TI contribuye positivamente a la consecución de metas estratégicas más amplias.
Palabras clave: TIC, Incidentes tecnológicos, Gestión de riesgos.
Abstract
This study focuses on evaluating the quality and efficiency in the management of technological incidents of the Salinas Fire Department, with the purpose of reducing downtime and optimizing resources, especially after the implementation of ITIL (4.0). The research is structured in three fundamental phases. First, the structure and operation of the management of technological incidents in the Salinas Fire Department is analyzed prior to the implementation of ITIL (4.0). Subsequently, the changes and improvements in the management of technological incidents after the implementation of ITIL (4.0) are identified. Finally, the impact of this implementation on efficiency, quality and response time to technological incidents is evaluated. A structured interview was carried out using a questionnaire with closed questions, aimed at the personnel of the information technology department of the fire department, with a population of 60 individuals. In addition, a regression study was carried out to explore the relationship between the implementation of Information Technology (IT) processes and two dependent variables of interest: the degree of alignment of the IT strategy with the business strategy and the impact of the management of technological incidents in strategic objectives. The results of the regression analysis reveal a moderate positive correlation between IT process implementation and strategic alignment (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.62, p < 0.05), indicating that a greater focus on process implementation is associated with a Greater strategic alignment of IT with business objectives. This finding supports the idea that efficient IT process management contributes positively to the achievement of broader strategic goals.
Keywords: ICT, Technological incidents, Risk management.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 19 de diciembre de 2023.Fecha de aceptación: 13 de febrero de 2024.Fecha de publicación: 12 de marzo de 2024
Simulación de la vibración de un rodamiento bajo condiciones de falla comunes con fines didácticos
Get PDFThere is a very extensive and complete theory about the analysis of vibration in bearings, which is usually taught in predictive maintenance courses but can be difficult to understand and interpret. The objective of the present article is to generate a mathematical model of vibration that is based on the operating conditions and the inherent properties of the bearings of a row of balls, and that allows to visualize in graphs of amplitude versus time and amplitude versus frequency when it has a common fault to be used in a didactic way, considering this common fault as a very small bite present in one of the components (external track, internal track, cage and balls) the same that when colliding with another part generates a vibration that has a characteristic spectrum.
Keywords: Mathematical modeling, bearing, vibration.Existe una teoría muy extensa y completa sobre el análisis de vibraciones en rodamientos, que suele enseñarse en cursos de mantenimiento predictivo pero que puede resultar difícil de entender e interpretar. El objetivo del presente artículo es generar un modelo matemático de vibración que se base en las condiciones de operación y las propiedades inherentes de los rodamientos de una hilera de bolas, y que permita visualizar en gráficas de amplitud versus tiempo y amplitud versus frecuencia cuando tiene una falla común para ser utilizado de manera didáctica, considerando esta falla común como una picadura muy pequeña presente en uno de los componentes (pista externa, pista interna, jaula y bolas) la misma que al chocar con otra parte genera una vibración. que tiene un espectro característico.
Palabras clave: Modelado matemático, rodamientos, vibraciones.
Abstract
There is a very extensive and complete theory about the analysis of vibration in bearings, which is usually taught in predictive maintenance courses but can be difficult to understand and interpret. The objective of the present article is to generate a mathematical model of vibration that is based on the operating conditions and the inherent properties of the bearings of a row of balls, and that allows to visualize in graphs of amplitude versus time and amplitude versus frequency when it has a common fault to be used in a didactic way, considering this common fault as a very small bite present in one of the components (external track, internal track, cage and balls) the same that when colliding with another part generates a vibration that has a characteristic spectrum.
Keywords: Mathematical modeling, bearing, vibration.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 16 de enero de 2024.Fecha de aceptación: 15 de marzo de 2024.Fecha de publicación: 04 de abril de 2024
Aplicación del carbón activado de cascarilla de arroz en el blanqueo del aceite de palma híbrida (Elaeis Oleífera X Elaeis Guineensis)
Get PDFThis study aimed to determine the effect of the application of rice husk-activated carbon on the bleaching of hybrid palm oil (Elaeis oleifera x Elaeis guineensis). An experimental design was applied in DCA with a bifactorial arrangement, the independent variables studied were: factor A the type of activated carbon with three levels; activated carbon with phosphoric acid, physically activated carbon, and activated carbon with citric acid; factor B was the percentage of activated carbon in weight with two levels, 1 and 2 %; the response factors were concentration of total carotenes in ppm and the efficiency in pigment removal. The experiments were conducted in quadruplicate, the experimental unit was 100 g of pretreated hybrid palm oil. The results proved that the type of activated carbon was significant in oil bleaching, achieving as the best treatment the CAAF 2% with a carotene removal percentage of 32.25 %, concluding that this type of activated carbon generates an option in pigment removal in hybrid palm oil bleaching.
Keywords: Adsorbent, phosphoric acid, citric acid, carotenes.El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar el efecto de la aplicación carbón activado de cascarilla de arroz en el blanqueo del aceite de palma híbrida (Elaeis Oleífera x Elaeis Guineensis). Se aplicó un diseño experimental en DCA con arreglo bifactorial, las variables independientes estudiadas fueron: factor A el tipo de carbón activado con tres niveles; carbón activado con ácido fosfórico (CAAF), carbón activado físicamente (CAF) y carbón activado con ácido cítrico (CAAC); factor B fue porcentaje del carbón activado en peso con dos niveles, 1 y 2 %; los factores de respuesta fueron concentración de carotenos totales en ppm y la eficiencia en la remoción de los pigmentos. Los experimentos se realizaron por cuadruplicado, la unidad experimental fue 100g de aceite de palma híbrida pretratada. Los resultados probaron que el tipo de carbón activado fue significativo en el blanqueo del aceite, consiguiendo como mejor tratamiento el CAAF 2% con un porcentaje de remoción de carotenos de 32,25 %, concluyendo que este tipo de carbón activado genera una opción en la remoción de pigmentos en el blanqueo de aceite de palma híbrida.
Palabras clave: Adsorbente, ácido fosfórico, ácido cítrico, carotenos.
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effect of the application of rice husk-activated carbon on the bleaching of hybrid palm oil (Elaeis oleifera x Elaeis guineensis). An experimental design was applied in DCA with a bifactorial arrangement, the independent variables studied were: factor A the type of activated carbon with three levels; activated carbon with phosphoric acid, physically activated carbon, and activated carbon with citric acid; factor B was the percentage of activated carbon in weight with two levels, 1 and 2 %; the response factors were concentration of total carotenes in ppm and the efficiency in pigment removal. The experiments were conducted in quadruplicate, the experimental unit was 100 g of pretreated hybrid palm oil. The results proved that the type of activated carbon was significant in oil bleaching, achieving as the best treatment the CAAF 2% with a carotene removal percentage of 32.25 %, concluding that this type of activated carbon generates an option in pigment removal in hybrid palm oil bleaching.
Keywords: Adsorbent, phosphoric acid, citric acid, carotenes.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 18 de abril de 2023. Fecha de aceptación: 01 de junio de 2023.Fecha de publicación: 10 de julio de 2024
Diseño de Conexiones Soldadas RCFT mediante Elementos Finitos en Pórticos a Momento
Get PDFIn this study, welded RCFT connections in moment frames were evaluated with the objective of analyzing their behavior under seismic and gravitational loads. Numerical simulations were carried out using the finite element method with the IDEA StatiCa software, which allowed the modeling of base plates, anchor bolts, and welded joints. The generated stresses and deformations in the connections were analyzed, and their performance was verified against the AISC 360-16 and NEC-15 standards. The results showed that the RCFT connections effectively distributed the stresses and demonstrated satisfactory behavior under bending moments and compressive forces. Additionally, the inter-story drifts remained within the limits established by the regulations, ensuring the structural stability of buildings during seismic events. In conclusion, RCFT welded connections optimized through the finite element method are an effective solution to improve the safety and strength of structures in high seismicity areas.
Keywords: welded connections, RCFT, finite elements, moment frames, seismic-resistant design.En el estudio, se evaluaron las conexiones soldadas RCFT en pórticos a momento con el objetivo de analizar su comportamiento bajo cargas sísmicas y gravitacionales. Para ello, se realizaron simulaciones numéricas mediante el método de elementos finitos utilizando el software IDEA StatiCa, el cual permitió modelar tanto las placas base como los pernos de anclaje y las uniones soldadas. Se analizaron las tensiones y deformaciones generadas en las conexiones y se verificó su comportamiento frente a las normativas AISC 360-16 y NEC-15. Los resultados mostraron que las conexiones RCFT distribuyeron adecuadamente las tensiones y presentaron un comportamiento satisfactorio frente a momentos flectores y fuerzas de compresión. Asimismo, las derivas por piso se mantuvieron dentro de los límites establecidos por la normativa, lo que garantiza la estabilidad estructural de las edificaciones bajo eventos sísmicos. En conclusión, las conexiones soldadas RCFT optimizadas mediante el método de elementos finitos son una solución efectiva para mejorar la seguridad y resistencia de las estructuras en zonas de alta sismicidad.
Palabras clave: conexiones soldadas, RCFT, elementos finitos, pórticos a momento, diseño sismorresistente.
Abstract
In this study, welded RCFT connections in moment frames were evaluated with the objective of analyzing their behavior under seismic and gravitational loads. Numerical simulations were carried out using the finite element method with the IDEA StatiCa software, which allowed the modeling of base plates, anchor bolts, and welded joints. The generated stresses and deformations in the connections were analyzed, and their performance was verified against the AISC 360-16 and NEC-15 standards. The results showed that the RCFT connections effectively distributed the stresses and demonstrated satisfactory behavior under bending moments and compressive forces. Additionally, the inter-story drifts remained within the limits established by the regulations, ensuring the structural stability of buildings during seismic events. In conclusion, RCFT welded connections optimized through the finite element method are an effective solution to improve the safety and strength of structures in high seismicity areas.
Keywords: welded connections, RCFT, finite elements, moment frames, seismic-resistant design.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 15 de abril de 2024.Fecha de aceptación: 25 de junio de 2024.Fecha de publicación: 10 de julio de 2024
Sistema de Información para Dinamizar la Gestión comercial de un restaurante con la metodología ágil SCRUM
Get PDFThe article presents an innovative approach to improve sales and purchasing management in a restaurant. The information system developed is based on the agile SCRUM methodology, resulting in a software that allows a continuous and efficient management of orders and real-time monitoring of inventory levels. The system was developed using tools such as Laravel, MySQL, JMeter; and integrated Laravel libraries were implemented for database management and API authentication. The system also has a purchasing module to carry out all operations with suppliers and third parties. The implementation of the system aims to reduce lead times, improve customer service management and reduce losses due to out-of-stock and excess inventory. The main objective is to directly optimize the current sales and purchasing management systems and processes at the Big Ben restaurant, keeping its processes more efficient, complete and secure. The design of an information system using agile methodologies is considered as a standard but innovative solution in the field of efficiency and profitability of business in the corporate sector, especially focused on culinary businesses.
Keywords: information system, agile methodologies, scrum, web development, business management.El artículo presenta un enfoque innovador para mejorar la gestión de ventas y compras en un restaurante. El sistema de información desarrollado se basa en la metodología ágil SCRUM, lo que tiene como resultado en un software que permite una gestión continua y eficiente de los pedidos y un monitoreo en tiempo real de los niveles de inventario. El sistema se desarrolló utilizando herramientas como Laravel, MySQL, JMeter; y se implementaron librerías integradas de Laravel para el manejo de la base de datos y la autenticación de API. El sistema también cuenta con un módulo de compras para llevar a cabo todas las operaciones con proveedores y terceras partes. La implementación del sistema tiene como objetivo reducir los tiempos de espera, mejorar la gestión de atención al cliente y reducir las pérdidas por falta de stock y exceso de inventario. Se tiene como principal objetivo la optimización directa en los actuales sistemas y procesos de gestión de ventas y compras en el restaurante Big Ben, manteniendo sus procesos más eficaces, completos y seguros. El diseño de un sistema de información utilizando metodologías ágiles se tiene como una solución estándar pero innovadora en el ámbito de la eficiencia y la rentabilidad de los negocios en el sector empresarial enfocado especialmente en los negocios culinarios.
Palabras clave: sistema de información, metodologías ágiles, scrum, desarrollo web, gestión comercial.
Abstract
The article presents an innovative approach to improve sales and purchasing management in a restaurant. The information system developed is based on the agile SCRUM methodology, resulting in a software that allows a continuous and efficient management of orders and real-time monitoring of inventory levels. The system was developed using tools such as Laravel, MySQL, JMeter; and integrated Laravel libraries were implemented for database management and API authentication. The system also has a purchasing module to carry out all operations with suppliers and third parties. The implementation of the system aims to reduce lead times, improve customer service management and reduce losses due to out-of-stock and excess inventory. The main objective is to directly optimize the current sales and purchasing management systems and processes at the Big Ben restaurant, keeping its processes more efficient, complete and secure. The design of an information system using agile methodologies is considered as a standard but innovative solution in the field of efficiency and profitability of business in the corporate sector, especially focused on culinary businesses.
Keywords: information system, agile methodologies, scrum, web development, business management.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 16 de febrero de 2024.Fecha de aceptación: 06 de mayo de 2024.Fecha de publicación: 10 de julio de 2024