Revista Científica INGENIAR - Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación
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Registro y análisis de emociones a partir de datos obtenidos desde el eyetracking
Get PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0230
This study analyzes emotional responses to visual stimuli using the eyetracking device, which tracks eye movements and measures visual attention. Emotions influence the perception of visual information, generating different attention patterns to positive and negative stimuli. The general objective of this study is to record and analyze emotions from data obtained through eyetracking. The methodology is based on data collection, analysis and processing. A group of 40 participants was selected, who were exposed to different visual stimuli, including both positive and negative images. Five key variables were measured: Total Fixation Duration (TFD), Average Fixation Duration (ADF), Total Number of Fixations (TNF), Number of Saccades (NS) and Average Pupil Diameter during Fixations (APD). The results indicated that negative images generated a 15.3% longer average fixation duration (TPD: 175.33 ms) compared to positive images (TPD: 168.66 ms). Regarding Total Fixation Duration (TFD), positive (117.61 ms) and negative (116.07 ms) images presented comparable means, with a difference of 1.3%. The analysis of Average Pupil Diameter during Fixations (APD) revealed that positive images generated an average pupil diameter of 3.10 mm, 10.7% larger than negative images (2.80 mm). These findings support the theory that, if significant differences exist, negative emotions provoke more intense and prolonged attention, while positive emotions, although attractive, do not generate the same need for evaluation in many cases; showing that there are differences in the aforementioned variables when presenting positive and negative stimuli. This study contributes to the understanding of the emotional process in response to visual stimuli and provides a basis for future research on the relationship between emotions and visual perception.
Keywords: Eyetracking, emotions, variables, pupil diameter, visual stimuli.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0230
Resumen
Este estudio analiza las respuestas emocionales a estímulos visuales utilizando el dispositivo de seguimiento ocular eyetracking, que rastrea los movimientos oculares y mide la atención visual. Las emociones influyen en la percepción de la información visual, generando diferentes patrones de atención ante estímulos positivos y negativos. El objetivo general de este estudio es registrar y analizar las emociones a partir de datos obtenidos mediante eyetracking. La metodología se basa en la recopilación, análisis y procesamiento de datos. Se seleccionó un grupo de 40 participantes, quienes fueron expuestos a diferentes estímulos visuales, incluyendo imágenes tanto positivas como negativas. Se midieron cinco variables claves: Duración Total de las Fijaciones (DTF), Duración Promedio de las Fijaciones (DPF), Número Total de Fijaciones (NTF), Número de Sacadas (NS) y Diámetro Promedio de la Pupila durante las Fijaciones (DPPF). Los resultados indicaron que las imágenes negativas generaron un 15.3% más de duración promedio de fijación (DPF: 175.33 ms) en comparación con las imágenes positivas (DPF: 168.66 ms). En cuanto a la Duración Total de las Fijaciones (DTF), las imágenes positivas (117.61 ms) y negativas (116.07 ms) presentaron medias comparables, con una diferencia del 1.3%. El análisis del Diámetro Promedio de la Pupila durante las Fijaciones (DPPF) reveló que las imágenes positivas generaron un diámetro pupilar promedio de 3.10 mm, un 10.7% mayor que las imágenes negativas (2.80 mm). Estos hallazgos respaldan la teoría de que, si existen diferencias significativas, de que las emociones negativas provocan una atención más intensa y prolongada, mientras que las emociones positivas, aunque atractivas, no generan la misma necesidad de evaluación en muchos casos; mostrando que existen diferencias en las variables antes mencionadas al momento de presentar estímulos positivos y negativos. Este estudio contribuye al entendimiento del proceso emocional en respuesta a estímulos visuales y proporciona una base para futuras investigaciones sobre la relación entre emociones y percepción visual.
Palabras clave: Eyetracking, emociones, variables, diámetro pupilar, estímulos visuales.
Abstract
This study analyzes emotional responses to visual stimuli using the eyetracking device, which tracks eye movements and measures visual attention. Emotions influence the perception of visual information, generating different attention patterns to positive and negative stimuli. The general objective of this study is to record and analyze emotions from data obtained through eyetracking. The methodology is based on data collection, analysis and processing. A group of 40 participants was selected, who were exposed to different visual stimuli, including both positive and negative images. Five key variables were measured: Total Fixation Duration (TFD), Average Fixation Duration (ADF), Total Number of Fixations (TNF), Number of Saccades (NS) and Average Pupil Diameter during Fixations (APD). The results indicated that negative images generated a 15.3% longer average fixation duration (TPD: 175.33 ms) compared to positive images (TPD: 168.66 ms). Regarding Total Fixation Duration (TFD), positive (117.61 ms) and negative (116.07 ms) images presented comparable means, with a difference of 1.3%. The analysis of Average Pupil Diameter during Fixations (APD) revealed that positive images generated an average pupil diameter of 3.10 mm, 10.7% larger than negative images (2.80 mm). These findings support the theory that, if significant differences exist, negative emotions provoke more intense and prolonged attention, while positive emotions, although attractive, do not generate the same need for evaluation in many cases; showing that there are differences in the aforementioned variables when presenting positive and negative stimuli. This study contributes to the understanding of the emotional process in response to visual stimuli and provides a basis for future research on the relationship between emotions and visual perception.
Keywords: Eyetracking, emotions, variables, pupil diameter, visual stimuli.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 12 de agosto de 2024.Fecha de aceptación: 15 de octubre de 2024.Fecha de publicación: 10 de enero de 2025
Impacto de la generación distribuida mediante sistemas fotovoltaicos de autoconsumo en circuitos urbanos
Get PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0241
Today, electrical distribution systems face significant challenges such as technical losses, line overloads and increasing energy demand. Therefore, the study focused on analyzing how an urban network is affected by distributed generation, prioritizing operational efficiency and compliance with technical regulations. The study addressed the behavior of some systems when integrating distributed generation and meeting demand in specific sectors, especially under overload conditions that affect system reliability. The methodology used included power flow analysis, equivalent circuit modeling and computer simulations to evaluate various network scenarios. The findings show the possibility of performing balanced power management to optimize the use of existing assets and strengthening energy transmission planning. This study highlights the importance of incorporating distributed generation and its technical feasibility in a feeder. This in turn contributes to energy sustainability and the implementation of strategies to ensure a reliable and scalable supply, allowing sustainable development of cities with the injection of power in high demand contexts, the reduction of energy losses by bringing energy generation closer to the consumer in distribution networks.
Keywords: Self-consumption, distributed generation, energy sustainability, distribution network, renewable energy, electrical system.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0241
Resumen
En la actualidad, los sistemas eléctricos de distribución enfrentan desafíos significativos como pérdidas técnicas, sobrecargas en las líneas y la creciente demanda energética. Por tanto, se centró en analizar cómo una red urbana se incide la generación distribuida, priorizando la eficiencia operativa y el cumplimiento de normativas técnicas. El estudio abordó el comportamiento de algunos sistemas al integrar generación distribuida y satisfacer la demanda en sectores específicos, especialmente en condiciones de sobrecarga que afectan la confiabilidad del sistema. La metodología empleada incluyó el análisis de flujo de potencia, la modelación de circuitos equivalentes y simulaciones computacionales para evaluar diversos escenarios de la red. Los hallazgos muestran la posibilidad de realizar gestión equilibrada de las potencias para optimizar el uso de activos existentes y el fortaleciendo la planificación de la transmisión de energía. Este estudio destaca la importancia de incorporar generación distribuida y su viabilidad técnica en un alimentador. Ello contribuye a su vez a la sostenibilidad energética y a la implementación de estrategias para asegurar un suministro confiable y escalable, que permita un desarrollo sostenible de las ciudades con la inyección de potencia en contextos de alta demanda, la reducción de pérdidas de energía al acercar la generación de energía al consumidor en las redes de distribución.
Palabras clave: Autoconsumo, Generación distribuida, sostenibilidad energética, red de distribución, energía renovable, sistema eléctrico.
Abstract
Today, electrical distribution systems face significant challenges such as technical losses, line overloads and increasing energy demand. Therefore, the study focused on analyzing how an urban network is affected by distributed generation, prioritizing operational efficiency and compliance with technical regulations. The study addressed the behavior of some systems when integrating distributed generation and meeting demand in specific sectors, especially under overload conditions that affect system reliability. The methodology used included power flow analysis, equivalent circuit modeling and computer simulations to evaluate various network scenarios. The findings show the possibility of performing balanced power management to optimize the use of existing assets and strengthening energy transmission planning. This study highlights the importance of incorporating distributed generation and its technical feasibility in a feeder. This in turn contributes to energy sustainability and the implementation of strategies to ensure a reliable and scalable supply, allowing sustainable development of cities with the injection of power in high demand contexts, the reduction of energy losses by bringing energy generation closer to the consumer in distribution networks.
Keywords: Self-consumption, distributed generation, energy sustainability, distribution network, renewable energy, electrical system.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 16 de octubre de 2024.Fecha de aceptación: 19 de diciembre de 2024.Fecha de publicación: 10 de enero de 2025
Innovación en educación energética: Laboratorios remotos y módulos sobre transición energética y fuentes renovables
Get PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i16.0288
Abstract
The accelerating energy and environmental crisis demands professionals capable of driving the transition to renewable sources. This study, framed within the Erasmus+ EU BEGP project with an €800,000 investment, addresses the training gap in Latin America thru the design and implementation of remote laboratories and online educational modules, which are hosted on the Learnify platform. Using a mixed-methods approach, three main tasks were carried out: (i) creation of digital content on renewable energy and the circular economy; (ii) deployment of 24/7 virtual laboratories simulating real-world operating conditions; and (iii) development of a standardized tool to evaluate the learning experience (satisfaction, applicability, and performance). The process included a literature review, agile co-design with experts from Latin American and European universities, peer validation, and pilot testing with students. As a result, eleven interactive modules were developed, integrating theory, simulations, and challenge-based learning, as well as globally accessible remote laboratories compatible with low-connectivity infrastructures. Preliminary feedback revealed high student acceptance and academic relevance. This work lays the groundwork for research on educational impact and provides a replicable model for democratizing renewable energy training, contributing to Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7) and the region’s Net Zero 2050 commitments.
Keywords: Energy crisis, renewable energy, virtual laboratories.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i16.0288
Resumen
La acelerada crisis energética y medioambiental exige profesionales capaces de impulsar la transición hacia fuentes renovables. Este estudio, enmarcado en el proyecto Erasmus+ EU BEGP realizando una inversión 800 000 €, aborda la brecha formativa en América Latina mediante el diseño e implementación de laboratorios remotos y módulos educativos en línea, los cuales están subidos en la plataforma Learnify. Los mismos que tienen enfoque metodológico mixto, se desarrollaron tres tareas principales: (i) creación de contenidos digitales sobre energías renovables y economía circular; (ii) despliegue de laboratorios virtuales operativos 24/7 que simulan condiciones reales de operación; y (iii) elaboración de una herramienta estandarizada para evaluar la experiencia de aprendizaje (satisfacción, aplicabilidad y desempeño). El proceso incluyó revisión bibliográfica, co diseño ágil con expertos de universidades latinoamericanas y europeas, validación por pares y pruebas piloto con estudiantes. Como resultado, se produjeron once módulos interactivos que integran teoría, simulaciones y aprendizaje basado en retos, así como laboratorios remotos accesibles globalmente, compatibles con infraestructuras de baja conectividad. La retroalimentación preliminar reveló alta aceptación estudiantil y pertinencia académica. Este trabajo sienta las bases para investigaciones sobre el impacto educativo y aporta un modelo replicable para democratizar la formación en energías renovables, contribuyendo a los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS 7) y a los compromisos Net Zero 2050 en la región.
Palabras clave: Crisis energética, energías renovables, laboratorios virtuales.
Abstract
The accelerating energy and environmental crisis demands professionals capable of driving the transition to renewable sources. This study, framed within the Erasmus+ EU BEGP project with an €800,000 investment, addresses the training gap in Latin America thru the design and implementation of remote laboratories and online educational modules, which are hosted on the Learnify platform. Using a mixed-methods approach, three main tasks were carried out: (i) creation of digital content on renewable energy and the circular economy; (ii) deployment of 24/7 virtual laboratories simulating real-world operating conditions; and (iii) development of a standardized tool to evaluate the learning experience (satisfaction, applicability, and performance). The process included a literature review, agile co-design with experts from Latin American and European universities, peer validation, and pilot testing with students. As a result, eleven interactive modules were developed, integrating theory, simulations, and challenge-based learning, as well as globally accessible remote laboratories compatible with low-connectivity infrastructures. Preliminary feedback revealed high student acceptance and academic relevance. This work lays the groundwork for research on educational impact and provides a replicable model for democratizing renewable energy training, contributing to Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7) and the region’s Net Zero 2050 commitments.
Keywords: Energy crisis, renewable energy, virtual laboratories.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 15 de abril de 2025.Fecha de aceptación: 27 de junio de 2025.Fecha de publicación: 10 de julio de 2025
Valoración de competencias en electroneumática usando tableros didácticos para mejorar las habilidades prácticas en la carrera de Tecnología en Electricidad
Get PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i16.0291
Abstract
This study presents the pedagogical validation of a didactic board designed for the teaching of electropneumatics in the Electricity Technology career, whose manufacture is exhibited to facilitate its replication in other contexts, the main objective being to evaluate its effectiveness as a training resource and explore opportunities for improvement in its educational application. To this end, progressive practices were developed aimed at strengthening competencies in the design and analysis of electropneumatic circuits, integrating both digital simulators and the direct use of the panel. The evaluation included surveys applied before and after the internships, structured with items on the Likert scale using Google forms. The results are presented in tables and graphs, which show that the use of the didactic board significantly improves the conceptual understanding and practical performance of students, by offering an immersive learning experience close to real environments. It is concluded that this resource represents an effective pedagogical strategy, with the potential to be optimized and replicated in other academic contexts, supported by the clear exposition of its manufacturing process.
Keywords: electropneumatics, didactic boards, active learning, technical training.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i16.0291
Resumen
Este estudio presenta la validación pedagógica de un tablero didáctico diseñado para la enseñanza de la electroneumática en la carrera de Tecnología en Electricidad, cuya fabricación es expuesta para facilitar su réplica en otros contextos, siendo el objetivo principal evaluar su efectividad como recurso formativo y explorar oportunidades de mejora en su aplicación educativa. Para ello, se desarrollaron prácticas progresivas orientadas a fortalecer competencias en el diseño y análisis de circuitos electroneumáticos, integrando tanto simuladores digitales como el uso directo del tablero. La evaluación incluyó encuestas aplicadas antes y después de las prácticas, estructuradas con ítems en escala Likert mediante formularios de Google. Los resultados, se presentan en tablas y gráficos, que evidencian, que el uso del tablero didáctico mejora significativamente la comprensión conceptual y el rendimiento práctico de los estudiantes, al ofrecer una experiencia de aprendizaje inmersiva y cercana a entornos reales. Se concluye que este recurso representa una estrategia pedagógica eficaz, con potencial para ser optimizado y replicado en otros contextos académicos, apoyado en la exposición clara de su proceso de fabricación.
Palabras clave: electroneumática, tableros didácticos, aprendizaje activo, formación técnica.
Abstract
This study presents the pedagogical validation of a didactic board designed for the teaching of electropneumatics in the Electricity Technology career, whose manufacture is exhibited to facilitate its replication in other contexts, the main objective being to evaluate its effectiveness as a training resource and explore opportunities for improvement in its educational application. To this end, progressive practices were developed aimed at strengthening competencies in the design and analysis of electropneumatic circuits, integrating both digital simulators and the direct use of the panel. The evaluation included surveys applied before and after the internships, structured with items on the Likert scale using Google forms. The results are presented in tables and graphs, which show that the use of the didactic board significantly improves the conceptual understanding and practical performance of students, by offering an immersive learning experience close to real environments. It is concluded that this resource represents an effective pedagogical strategy, with the potential to be optimized and replicated in other academic contexts, supported by the clear exposition of its manufacturing process.
Keywords: electropneumatics, didactic boards, active learning, technical training.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 10 de abril de 2025.Fecha de aceptación: 29 de junio de 2025.Fecha de publicación: 15 de septiembre de 2025
Análisis de las características de la construcción rural en Portoviejo - Manabí – Ecuador
Get PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i16.0296
Abstract
This article addresses the characteristics of rural construction in Manabí, particularly considering vernacular architecture, which is defined as making the most of the natural resources found in its environment, specifically, the area of incidence of Portoviejo will be addressed. The objective of this research was focused on analyzing and characterizing rural construction materials in areas of the Portoviejo canton, province of Manabí. The objective of the research focused on analyzing and characterizing rural construction materials in Manabí-Ecuador. The methodology has a qualitative approach, developed through direct observation and field or in situ work, taking as an instrument the check list that is made up of literals with multiple response options, where the materials used for each are evaluated. one. one of the structures of the house. Strengthening local identity is based on the use of building materials native to the area. This is primarily due to economic considerations, which often take precedence over factors such as the aesthetic appearance of buildings. On the other hand, functionality and how these structures fit into their surroundings are an important factor. Various measures have also been taken to address their basic needs, as there are areas where basic services have not been fully integrated.
Keywords: Analysis, characteristics, construction materials, rural construction, Manabí.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i16.0296
Resumen
El presente artículo aborda las características de construcción rural en Manabí, considerando particularmente la arquitectura vernácula, la misma que se define como el aprovechamiento al máximo de los recursos naturales que se encuentran en su entorno, específicamente, se abordará la zona de incidencia de Portoviejo. El objetivo de la investigación se centró en analizar y caracterizar los materiales de construcción rurales en zonas del cantón Portoviejo, provincia de Manabí. La metodología posee un enfoque cualitativo, desarrollada a través de la observación directa y un trabajo de campo o in situ, tomando como instrumento el check list que se encuentra formado por literales con opción de respuesta múltiple, en donde se evalúan los materiales utilizados para cada una de las estructuras de la vivienda. El fortalecimiento de la identidad local se basa en la utilización de materiales de construcción propios de la zona, esto se debe principalmente al tema económico que en muchas ocasiones está por encima de factores como lo son la apariencia estética de las construcciones; por otro lado, prima la funcionalidad y como estas estructuras encajan con el entorno en el que se encuentran. Asimismo, se han tomado distintas medidas como soluciones para satisfacer sus necesidades básicas, debido a que hay zonas donde no se han podido integrar totalmente los servicios básicos.
Palabras clave: Análisis, características, materiales de construcción, construcción rural, Manabí.
Abstract
This article addresses the characteristics of rural construction in Manabí, particularly considering vernacular architecture, which is defined as making the most of the natural resources found in its environment, specifically, the area of incidence of Portoviejo will be addressed. The objective of this research was focused on analyzing and characterizing rural construction materials in areas of the Portoviejo canton, province of Manabí. The objective of the research focused on analyzing and characterizing rural construction materials in Manabí-Ecuador. The methodology has a qualitative approach, developed through direct observation and field or in situ work, taking as an instrument the check list that is made up of literals with multiple response options, where the materials used for each are evaluated. one. one of the structures of the house. Strengthening local identity is based on the use of building materials native to the area. This is primarily due to economic considerations, which often take precedence over factors such as the aesthetic appearance of buildings. On the other hand, functionality and how these structures fit into their surroundings are an important factor. Various measures have also been taken to address their basic needs, as there are areas where basic services have not been fully integrated.
Keywords: Analysis, characteristics, construction materials, rural construction, Manabí.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 09 de junio de 2025.Fecha de aceptación: 30 de agosto de 2025.Fecha de publicación: 29 de septiembre de 2025
Metales pesados y contaminantes microbiológicos en los quesos elaborados con leche sin pasteurizar
Get PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i16.0306
Abstract
The purpose of the research was to identify the sources of heavy metal contamination of unpasteurized fresh cheese in the Canuto parish, Chone canton, Manabí province. For this, a methodology was designed based on interviews, questionnaires and check lists, which allowed the collection of information and samples from each of the farms that had production of fresh cheese with unpasteurized milk. The situational diagnosis identified that health and biosecurity are two of the main aspects that are considered sources of heavy metal contamination. The results obtained from the analyses show lead levels <0.001 except for one of the samples that presented levels of 0.09, while the values of cadmium and mercury are <0.05. Heavy metal analyses in unpasteurized fresh cheeses revealed the presence of elements above acceptable limits.
Keywords: pollution; heavy metals; microbiological; artisanal cheese; unpasteurized milk.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i16.0306
Resumen
El propósito de la investigación fue identificar las fuentes de contaminación con metales pesados de queso fresco no pasteurizado en la parroquia Canuto, cantón Chone, provincia Manabí. Para esto, se diseñó una metodología basada en entrevista, cuestionario y check list, que permitía la recolección de información y muestras de cada una de las fincas que tenían producción de queso fresco con leche no pasteurizada. El diagnóstico situacional identificó que la sanidad y la bioseguridad son dos de los principales aspectos que son considerados fuentes de contaminación de metales pesados. Los resultados obtenidos a partir de los análisis realizados evidencian niveles de plomo <0,001 a excepción de una de las muestras que presentó niveles de 0,09, mientras que los valores de cadmio y mercurio se encuentran <0,05. Los análisis de metales pesados en los quesos frescos no pasteurizados revelaron la presencia de elementos por arriba de los límites aceptables.
Palabras clave: contaminación; metales pesados; microbiológicos; queso artesanal; leche no pasteurizada.
Abstract
The purpose of the research was to identify the sources of heavy metal contamination of unpasteurized fresh cheese in the Canuto parish, Chone canton, Manabí province. For this, a methodology was designed based on interviews, questionnaires and check lists, which allowed the collection of information and samples from each of the farms that had production of fresh cheese with unpasteurized milk. The situational diagnosis identified that health and biosecurity are two of the main aspects that are considered sources of heavy metal contamination. The results obtained from the analyses show lead levels <0.001 except for one of the samples that presented levels of 0.09, while the values of cadmium and mercury are <0.05. Heavy metal analyses in unpasteurized fresh cheeses revealed the presence of elements above acceptable limits.
Keywords: pollution; heavy metals; microbiological; artisanal cheese; unpasteurized milk.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 14 de agosto de 2025.Fecha de aceptación: 25 de octubre de 2025.Fecha de publicación: 25 de noviembre de 2025
Aplicación de metodología para la compresión de datos y la disminución de big data generada en sistemas de monitoreo
Get PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0252
The exponential growth of Big Data in electrical monitoring systems has created the need to develop efficient methodologies for data compression and storage optimization. In this study, the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is implemented to reduce the redundancy of electrical signals while preserving relevant information for fault analysis. The results show that DWT-based compression achieves a 60% reduction in data size without compromising signal quality, with a Normalized Mean Squared Error (NMSE) below 0.05 and a Correlation Coefficient (CORR) above 0.98. Additionally, combining DWT with sparse representation improves computational efficiency by 45%, significantly reducing processing times in LSTM neural networks used for fault prediction. The analysis of zero crossings and noise removal using adaptive filters optimizes transient detection, enhancing fault localization accuracy in electrical systems. These findings demonstrate that integrating advanced compression techniques enables more efficient storage, allowing for faster analysis in real-time monitoring environments and optimizing resource utilization in power networks.
Keywords: Discrete Wavelet Transform, zero crossings, electrical signals.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0252
Resumen
El crecimiento exponencial del Big Data en sistemas de monitoreo eléctrico ha generado la necesidad de desarrollar metodologías eficientes para la compresión y optimización del almacenamiento de datos. En este estudio, se implementa la Transformada Wavelet Discreta (DWT) para reducir la redundancia de señales eléctricas, preservando la información relevante para el análisis de fallas. Los resultados muestran que la compresión basada en DWT logra una reducción del 60% en el tamaño de los datos sin comprometer la calidad de la señal, con un Error Cuadrático Medio Normalizado (NMSE) inferior a 0.05 y un Coeficiente de Correlación (CORR) superior a 0.98. Además, la combinación de DWT con representación dispersa mejora la eficiencia computacional en un 45%, reduciendo significativamente los tiempos de procesamiento en redes neuronales LSTM utilizadas para la predicción de fallas. El análisis de cruces por cero y la eliminación de ruido mediante filtros adaptativos optimizan la detección de transitorios, mejorando la precisión en la localización de fallas en sistemas eléctricos. Estos hallazgos demuestran que la integración de técnicas avanzadas de compresión permite un almacenamiento más eficiente, de esta manera dando, un análisis más rápido en entornos de monitoreo en tiempo real, favoreciendo la optimización de recursos en redes eléctricas.
Palabras clave: Transformada Wavelet Discreta, cruces por cero, señales eléctricas.
Abstract
The exponential growth of Big Data in electrical monitoring systems has created the need to develop efficient methodologies for data compression and storage optimization. In this study, the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is implemented to reduce the redundancy of electrical signals while preserving relevant information for fault analysis. The results show that DWT-based compression achieves a 60% reduction in data size without compromising signal quality, with a Normalized Mean Squared Error (NMSE) below 0.05 and a Correlation Coefficient (CORR) above 0.98. Additionally, combining DWT with sparse representation improves computational efficiency by 45%, significantly reducing processing times in LSTM neural networks used for fault prediction. The analysis of zero crossings and noise removal using adaptive filters optimizes transient detection, enhancing fault localization accuracy in electrical systems. These findings demonstrate that integrating advanced compression techniques enables more efficient storage, allowing for faster analysis in real-time monitoring environments and optimizing resource utilization in power networks.
Keywords: Discrete Wavelet Transform, zero crossings, electrical signals.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 12 de enero de 2025.Fecha de aceptación: 12 de marzo de 2025.Fecha de publicación: 10 de abril de 2025
Síndrome del Edificio Enfermo: Evaluación y Monitoreo
Get PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0266
This article analyzes the issue of indoor air pollution in relation to Sick Building Syndrome, a condition that affects the health and well-being of occupants due to the accumulation of pollutants, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The main objective of the study is to identify the most common VOCs found in enclosed spaces, their primary sources of emission, and the most suitable sensors for their detection. The research is based on a systematic literature review, focusing on relevant scientific literature concerning indoor air pollution. Special attention is given to the development and application of monitoring systems based on chemical sensors, considered a key strategy for the detection and control of VOCs in advanced air purification technologies. The results include a list of the VOCs most frequently reported in studies related to Sick Building Syndrome, as well as a selection of sensors specifically designed for the detection of these pollutants. The study concludes that Sick Building Syndrome poses a significant threat to health in indoor environments, highlighting the importance of implementing efficient monitoring systems to improve air quality and prevent adverse health effects among occupants.
Keywords: Sick Building, Indoor Air Quality, Volatile Organic Pollutants, Sensors.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0266
Resumen
Este artículo analiza la problemática de la contaminación en ambientes interiores en relación con el Síndrome del Edificio Enfermo, una condición que afecta la salud y el bienestar de los ocupantes debido a la acumulación de contaminantes, entre ellos los compuestos orgánicos volátiles (VOC). El objetivo principal del estudio es identificar los VOC más comunes en espacios cerrados, sus principales fuentes de emisión y los sensores más adecuados para su detección. La investigación se basa en una revisión bibliográfica sistemática, centrada en literatura científica relevante sobre la contaminación del aire interior. Se presta especial atención al desarrollo y aplicación de sistemas de monitoreo basados en sensores químicos, considerados una estrategia clave para la detección y control de VOC en tecnologías avanzadas de purificación del aire. Los resultados incluyen un listado de los VOC más frecuentemente reportados en estudios vinculados al Síndrome del Edificio Enfermo, así como una selección de sensores diseñados específicamente para la detección de estos contaminantes. Se concluye que el Síndrome del Edificio Enfermo representa una amenaza significativa para la salud en espacios interiores, lo que resalta la importancia de implementar sistemas de monitoreo eficientes que mejoren la calidad del aire y prevengan efectos adversos en la salud de los ocupantes.
Palabras clave: Edificio enfermo, Calidad del Aire Interior, Contaminantes Orgánicos Volátiles, Sensores.
Abstract
This article analyzes the issue of indoor air pollution in relation to Sick Building Syndrome, a condition that affects the health and well-being of occupants due to the accumulation of pollutants, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The main objective of the study is to identify the most common VOCs found in enclosed spaces, their primary sources of emission, and the most suitable sensors for their detection. The research is based on a systematic literature review, focusing on relevant scientific literature concerning indoor air pollution. Special attention is given to the development and application of monitoring systems based on chemical sensors, considered a key strategy for the detection and control of VOCs in advanced air purification technologies. The results include a list of the VOCs most frequently reported in studies related to Sick Building Syndrome, as well as a selection of sensors specifically designed for the detection of these pollutants. The study concludes that Sick Building Syndrome poses a significant threat to health in indoor environments, highlighting the importance of implementing efficient monitoring systems to improve air quality and prevent adverse health effects among occupants.
Keywords: Sick Building, Indoor Air Quality, Volatile Organic Pollutants, Sensors.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 15 de febrero de 2025.Fecha de aceptación: 24 de abril de 2025.Fecha de publicación: 10 de mayo de 2025
Modelos de Gestión de Mantenimiento aplicables a una línea de producción de conservas
Get PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0270
Maintenance is an action that is always at the forefront, since the productivity of a company depends to a large extent on it; therefore, maintenance management plays an essential role so that a production line can operate effectively without stoppages caused by failures or breakdowns in its machinery and equipment. The research objective was to describe the maintenance models that can be applied to a canned tuna and sardine production line. As methodology a qualitative approach was used by means of the technique of documentary revision to a total of 42 sources of information; generating as results 4 models of management of maintenance more used for the canning industry, these include the total productive maintenance, based on the reliability, based on the condition and the lean maintenance, whose implementation implies to assume a commitment and responsibility to invest in the programmed maintenance of predictive character by means of the use of a software, whose investment redounds in a benefit superior to this, when the stops by failures or breakdowns are diminished in its probability of occurrence. It is concluded that in order to be more efficient in the implementation of a maintenance management model, it is necessary to use maintenance management software to provide adequate follow-up and guarantee the efficiency of the model used.
Keywords: condition, reliability, maintenance management, canning industry, prediction.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0270
Resumen
El mantenimiento es una acción que está siempre a la vanguardia, ya que de esta depende en gran medida la productividad de una empresa; en tanto, la gestión de mantenimiento juega un rol esencial para que una línea de producción pueda operar efectivamente sin paradas provocadas por fallas o averías en sus maquinarias y equipos. El objetivo de investigación consistió en describir los modelos de mantenimiento que pueden ser aplicados a una línea de producción de conservas de atún y sardinas. Como metodología se empleó un enfoque cualitativo mediante la técnica de revisión documental a un total de 42 fuentes de información; generando como resultados 4 modelos de gestión de mantenimiento más empleados para la industria de conservas, estos comprenden el mantenimiento productivo total, basado en la confiabilidad, basado en la condición y el lean mantenimiento, cuya implementación implica el asumir un compromiso y responsabilidad para invertir en la mantención programada de carácter predictivo mediante la utilización de un software, cuyo inversión redunde en un beneficio superior a este, cuando las paradas por fallas o averías se vean disminuidas en su probabilidad de ocurrencia. Se concluye que, para ser más eficientes en la implementación de un modelo de gestión de mantenimiento, se requiere utilizar un software de gestión de mantenimiento, para dar el adecuado seguimiento y garantizar la eficiencia del modelo empleado.
Palabras clave: condición, confiabilidad, gestión de mantenimiento, industria de conservas, predicción.
Abstract
Maintenance is an action that is always at the forefront, since the productivity of a company depends to a large extent on it; therefore, maintenance management plays an essential role so that a production line can operate effectively without stoppages caused by failures or breakdowns in its machinery and equipment. The research objective was to describe the maintenance models that can be applied to a canned tuna and sardine production line. As methodology a qualitative approach was used by means of the technique of documentary revision to a total of 42 sources of information; generating as results 4 models of management of maintenance more used for the canning industry, these include the total productive maintenance, based on the reliability, based on the condition and the lean maintenance, whose implementation implies to assume a commitment and responsibility to invest in the programmed maintenance of predictive character by means of the use of a software, whose investment redounds in a benefit superior to this, when the stops by failures or breakdowns are diminished in its probability of occurrence. It is concluded that in order to be more efficient in the implementation of a maintenance management model, it is necessary to use maintenance management software to provide adequate follow-up and guarantee the efficiency of the model used.
Keywords: condition, reliability, maintenance management, canning industry, prediction.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 24 de febrero de 2025.Fecha de aceptación: 10 de mayo de 2025.Fecha de publicación: 16 de junio de 2025
Estrategias de comercialización y rentabilidad en la industria de servicios de climatización eléctrica, en Quevedo, Ecuador, 2024-2025: Un enfoque en la sostenibilidad y eficiencia energética
Get PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i16.0280
Abstract
This study examines marketing strategies and profitability in the electric air conditioning services industry in Quevedo, Ecuador, from 2024 to 2025, emphasizing sustainability and energy efficiency. Through a mixed-methods approach, including structured surveys and semi-structured interviews with local companies (n=15) and consumers (n=50), key sustainability and profitability indicators—energy consumption, carbon emissions, operational costs, and profit margins—were evaluated. Results indicate that energy efficiency significantly influences consumer purchasing decisions, and companies that adopt green marketing approaches tend to achieve higher profit margins. Based on these findings, the research proposes a set of commercial strategies aimed at strengthening a sustainable corporate image, improving after-sales services, and adopting business models that encourage technological innovation and environmental responsibility.
Keywords: Marketing strategies, Profitability, Electric air conditioning, Sustainability, Energy efficiency.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i16.0280
Resumen
Este estudio analiza las estrategias de comercialización y la rentabilidad en la industria de servicios de climatización eléctrica en Quevedo, Ecuador (2024-2025), poniendo énfasis en la sostenibilidad y la eficiencia energética. Se adoptó un enfoque mixto que incluyó entrevistas y encuestas estructuradas a 15 empresas locales y 50 consumidores (residenciales y comerciales). Se analizaron indicadores de consumo energético, emisiones de carbono y rentabilidad económica para identificar correlaciones entre las prácticas de negocio y la adopción de tecnologías sostenibles. Los resultados indican que la eficiencia energética es un factor determinante en la decisión de compra de los consumidores, y que las empresas con estrategias de marketing orientadas a la sostenibilidad presentan mayores márgenes de ganancia. Se propone un conjunto de estrategias de comercialización basadas en el fortalecimiento de la imagen verde, la oferta de servicios posventa y la adopción de nuevos modelos de negocio que incentiven la innovación tecnológica sostenible.
Palabras clave: Climatización eléctrica, estrategias de comercialización, eficiencia energética, sostenibilidad, Quevedo, rentabilidad.
Abstract
This study examines marketing strategies and profitability in the electric air conditioning services industry in Quevedo, Ecuador, from 2024 to 2025, emphasizing sustainability and energy efficiency. Through a mixed-methods approach, including structured surveys and semi-structured interviews with local companies (n=15) and consumers (n=50), key sustainability and profitability indicators—energy consumption, carbon emissions, operational costs, and profit margins—were evaluated. Results indicate that energy efficiency significantly influences consumer purchasing decisions, and companies that adopt green marketing approaches tend to achieve higher profit margins. Based on these findings, the research proposes a set of commercial strategies aimed at strengthening a sustainable corporate image, improving after-sales services, and adopting business models that encourage technological innovation and environmental responsibility.
Keywords: Marketing strategies, Profitability, Electric air conditioning, Sustainability, Energy efficiency.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 15 de abril de 2025.Fecha de aceptación: 20 de junio de 2025.Fecha de publicación: 10 de julio de 2025