Revista Científica INGENIAR - Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación
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El futuro educativo impulsado por la inteligencia artificial
Get PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i16.0299
Abstract
Education today is undergoing significant transformations. In educational institutions, artificial intelligence (AI) is having a significant impact on student academic performance and providing technological support for teachers. Curiosity and motivation are indispensable sources for individual learning, and this is largely due to new methodologies applied by teachers that encourage the use of digital tools. Through the use of artificial intelligence (AI), teachers can optimize their time spent on administrative tasks, allowing them to focus more on academic activities. AI proposes innovative methodologies, making classes more practical and dynamic and sparking students' interest. The objective of this research is to develop a system of activities involving artificial intelligence in order to strengthen teachers' technological skills and contribute to better academic performance by students at the Alfredo Dueñas Velásquez Basic Education Unit. The study used a mixed, descriptive, and non-experimental approach. The results identified aspects related to the level of teaching and the main deficiencies of the individuals studied. Through the use of AI, young people with different learning styles and paces have a more inclusive, effective, and personalized educational experience. They have access to feedback on topics or activities of interest, tracking their progress and improving intellectual efficiency.
Keywords: activities, knowledge, education, information and communication technology, innovation, information and communication technology, innovation.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i16.0299
Resumen
La educación actual está experimentando transformaciones significativas. En las instituciones educativas, la inteligencia artificial (IA) está generando un impacto significativo en el rendimiento académico del estudiante y un apoyo tecnológico para el docente. La curiosidad y la motivación son fuentes indispensables para que el individuo aprenda y en gran parte se debe a nuevas metodologías que aplica el docente fomentando el uso de herramientas digitales. A través del uso de la inteligencia artificial (IA) el docente puede optimizar su tiempo en tareas administrativas, lo que permite concentrarse más en las actividades académicas, las IA proponen metodologías innovadoras haciendo más prácticas y dinámicas las clases despertando el interés de los estudiantes. El objetivo que plantea esta investigación es desarrollar un sistema de actividades que involucren a la inteligencia artificial con el fin que fortalezcan las habilidades tecnológicas de los docentes y contribuyan a un mejor rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de la Unidad Educativa Básica “Alfredo Dueñas Velásquez”. El enfoque del estudio fue mixto, descriptivo y no experimental. Los resultados identificaron los aspectos relacionados con el nivel de enseñanza y las principales deficiencias que poseen los individuos objetos de estudio. Mediante el empleo de la IA, el joven con diferente estilo y ritmo de aprendizaje tiene una experiencia educativa más inclusiva, efectiva y personalizada, cuenta con un acceso a una retroalimentación sobre temas o actividades de interés contabilizando el progreso y mejorando la eficiencia intelectual.
Palabras clave: actividades, conocimiento, enseñanza, tecnología de la información y las comunicaciones, innovación.
Abstract
Education today is undergoing significant transformations. In educational institutions, artificial intelligence (AI) is having a significant impact on student academic performance and providing technological support for teachers. Curiosity and motivation are indispensable sources for individual learning, and this is largely due to new methodologies applied by teachers that encourage the use of digital tools. Through the use of artificial intelligence (AI), teachers can optimize their time spent on administrative tasks, allowing them to focus more on academic activities. AI proposes innovative methodologies, making classes more practical and dynamic and sparking students' interest. The objective of this research is to develop a system of activities involving artificial intelligence in order to strengthen teachers' technological skills and contribute to better academic performance by students at the Alfredo Dueñas Velásquez Basic Education Unit. The study used a mixed, descriptive, and non-experimental approach. The results identified aspects related to the level of teaching and the main deficiencies of the individuals studied. Through the use of AI, young people with different learning styles and paces have a more inclusive, effective, and personalized educational experience. They have access to feedback on topics or activities of interest, tracking their progress and improving intellectual efficiency.
Keywords: activities, knowledge, education, information and communication technology, innovation, information and communication technology, innovation.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 08 de julio de 2025.Fecha de aceptación: 20 de septiembre de 2025.Fecha de publicación: 20 de octubre de 2025
Análisis del ciclo de vida de detergente industrial de la cuna a la puerta. Consecuentes impactos en ecosistemas agrícolas
Get PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0236
The productive sector in Ecuador requires efficient cleaning solutions, being the industrial detergent one of the most used products for this purpose; analyzing its life cycle from cradle to gate with a carbon footprint measurement approach is the objective of this study. The functional unit used was the 20kg bucket of detergent in a logistics company; the carbon footprint was calculated by applying the technical characteristics of the equipment and sources that use fossil fuels such as diesel and coke; the product flows of internal-external processes, supported by the international guidelines for greenhouse gas inventories of the United Kingdom and the United States Environmental Protection Agency, and data on imports and production for the last year. The results showed that a 20 kg bucket of industrial detergent has a carbon footprint of 23.75 kgCO2e (carbon dioxide equivalent); the percentage contribution by processes is 29% for the production of sodium carbonate, 18% for sulphonic acid and 11% for sodium hydroxide; 18% for sulphonic acid and 11% for sodium hydroxide, the transport of these raw materials contributes 18% more carbon dioxide emissions and the production process in the plant 8%, with sodium carbonate having the highest percentage of total CO2 generation, a strong impact as it is an industry that uses coke as fuel for limestone calcination processes. It is concluded that, within plant processes do not generate a large impact due to the use of electrical energy, however, the suppliers of raw materials should be analyzed and local purchasing should be considered to reduce the kilometers travelled and the carbon footprint of these activities and whether they have negative consequences on agricultural ecosystems.
Keywords: Fuel, carbon footprint, environmental impact, raw material, functional unit.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0236
Resumen
El sector productivo de Ecuador requiere soluciones de limpieza eficientes, siendo el detergente industrial, uno de los productos más utilizados para esto; analizar su ciclo de vida de la cuna a la puerta con aproximación a la medición de huella de carbono es el objetivo de este estudio. Se utilizó como unidad funcional el balde de 20kg de detergente en una empresa logística; se calculó la huella de carbono aplicando las características técnicas de equipos y de fuentes que utilizan combustibles fósiles como diésel y coque; los flujos de productos de procesos internos-externos, apoyados en las directrices internacionales para inventario de gases de efecto invernadero del Reino Unido y Agencia de Protección Ambiental de Estados Unidos, y en datos de importaciones y producción del último año. Como resultados se obtuvo que, un balde de 20Kg de detergente industrial tiene una huella de carbono de 23,75KgCO2e (dióxido de carbono equivalente); en la contribución porcentual por procesos; el 29% por producción de carbonato de sodio; 18% por ácido sulfónico y 11% por hidróxido de sodio, el transporte de estas materias primas aporta 18% más de emisiones de dióxido de carbono y el proceso de producción en la planta un 8%, teniendo al carbonato de sodio con el mayor porcentaje de la generación total de CO2, un fuerte impacto al tratarse de una industria que utiliza coque como combustible para procesos de calcinación de calizas. Se concluye que aunque los procesos no generan un gran impacto en la planta debido al uso de energía eléctrica, debe analizarse a los proveedores de materias primas y considerar la compra local para reducir los kilómetros recorridos y la huella de carbono de estas actividades, y si generan consecuencias negativas en los ecosistemas agrícolas.
Palabras clave: Combustible, huella de carbono, impacto ambiental, materia prima, unidad funcional.
Abstract
The productive sector in Ecuador requires efficient cleaning solutions, being the industrial detergent one of the most used products for this purpose; analyzing its life cycle from cradle to gate with a carbon footprint measurement approach is the objective of this study. The functional unit used was the 20kg bucket of detergent in a logistics company; the carbon footprint was calculated by applying the technical characteristics of the equipment and sources that use fossil fuels such as diesel and coke; the product flows of internal-external processes, supported by the international guidelines for greenhouse gas inventories of the United Kingdom and the United States Environmental Protection Agency, and data on imports and production for the last year. The results showed that a 20 kg bucket of industrial detergent has a carbon footprint of 23.75 kgCO2e (carbon dioxide equivalent); the percentage contribution by processes is 29% for the production of sodium carbonate, 18% for sulphonic acid and 11% for sodium hydroxide; 18% for sulphonic acid and 11% for sodium hydroxide, the transport of these raw materials contributes 18% more carbon dioxide emissions and the production process in the plant 8%, with sodium carbonate having the highest percentage of total CO2 generation, a strong impact as it is an industry that uses coke as fuel for limestone calcination processes. It is concluded that, within plant processes do not generate a large impact due to the use of electrical energy, however, the suppliers of raw materials should be analyzed and local purchasing should be considered to reduce the kilometers travelled and the carbon footprint of these activities and whether they have negative consequences on agricultural ecosystems.
Keywords: Fuel, carbon footprint, environmental impact, raw material, functional unit.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 03 de octubre de 2024.Fecha de aceptación: 19 de diciembre de 2024.Fecha de publicación: 10 de enero de 2025
Evaluación de la implementación de herramientas y tecnologías de la Industria 4.0 en la Universidad Técnica de Manabí
Get PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0244
This study analyzes the adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies at the Universidad Técnica de Manabí (UTM), highlighting key benefits, challenges, and strategies. The main benefits include resource optimization, cost reduction, improved educational quality, increased operational efficiency, and contributions to environmental sustainability through real-time monitoring. However, significant challenges are identified, such as the need for robust infrastructure, continuous staff training, and overcoming resistance to change. Financial and human resource limitations also present barriers to consider. The study proposes strategies such as gradual implementation, investment in technological infrastructure, and collaborations with tech companies. It also emphasizes the importance of continuous education and innovation in forming specialized human capital, providing a reference framework for other universities aiming to implement advanced technologies.
Keywords: Industry 4.0, Smart University, 4.0 Technology, 4.0 Education.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0244
Resumen
Este estudio examina la implementación de tecnologías de la Industria 4.0 en la Universidad Técnica de Manabí (UTM), identificando beneficios, desafíos y estrategias claves para su adopción. Entre los beneficios destacan la optimización de recursos, reducción de costos, mejora de la calidad educativa y mayor eficiencia operativa, así como la contribución a la sostenibilidad ambiental mediante el monitoreo en tiempo real. Sin embargo, también se enfrentan desafíos significativos, como la necesidad de una infraestructura robusta, formación continua del personal y superación de la resistencia al cambio. Las limitaciones financieras y de recursos humanos también representan barreras importantes. El estudio propone estrategias como la implementación gradual, inversión en infraestructura tecnológica y alianzas con empresas del sector. Además, enfatiza la importancia de la educación continua y la innovación para formar capital humano especializado y asegurar la adopción efectiva de estas tecnologías, proporcionando un modelo de referencia para otras instituciones educativas.
Palabras clave: Industria 4.0, Universidad Inteligente, Tecnología 4.0, Educación 4.0.
Abstract
This study analyzes the adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies at the Universidad Técnica de Manabí (UTM), highlighting key benefits, challenges, and strategies. The main benefits include resource optimization, cost reduction, improved educational quality, increased operational efficiency, and contributions to environmental sustainability through real-time monitoring. However, significant challenges are identified, such as the need for robust infrastructure, continuous staff training, and overcoming resistance to change. Financial and human resource limitations also present barriers to consider. The study proposes strategies such as gradual implementation, investment in technological infrastructure, and collaborations with tech companies. It also emphasizes the importance of continuous education and innovation in forming specialized human capital, providing a reference framework for other universities aiming to implement advanced technologies.
Keywords: Industry 4.0, Smart University, 4.0 Technology, 4.0 Education.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 16 de octubre de 2024.Fecha de aceptación: 19 de diciembre de 2024.Fecha de publicación: 10 de enero de 2025
Development of an automated system for the efficient management of demineralized water pumping in a water treatment plant
Get PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i16.0283
Abstract
This analysis deals with the creation of an automated system to effectively manage the pumping of demineralized water in a treatment plant, with the objective of overcoming the shortcomings of a manual system that causes efficiency losses and risks in operations. This proposal contemplates the implementation of level and pressure sensors, frequency regulators, programmable logic controllers (PLC) and a SCADA interface, facilitating real-time monitoring and a more sustainable operation. In addition, the system simulation is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink, using PI and PID control models to contrast its performance. Disturbances such as pump failures, unanticipated injections and simulated leaks were examined to assess the reaction of the automated system to critical situations. Finally, it was proved that the PI and PID controllers achieve an effective stabilization of the water level, reducing losses and optimizing the use of energy. The PID showed a more accurate reaction, preserving stability even in the face of abrupt changes.
Keywords: Automated system, Treatment plant, PI, PID, Operation, Control.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i16.0283
Resumen
Este análisis aborda la creación de un sistema automatizado para gestionar eficazmente el bombeo de agua desmineralizada en una planta de tratamiento, con el objetivo de superar las deficiencias de un sistema manual que causa pérdidas de eficiencia y riesgos operativos. Esta propuesta contempla la implementación de sensores de nivel y presión, reguladores de frecuencia, controladores lógicos programables (PLC) y una interfaz SCADA, lo que facilita la monitorización en tiempo real y una operación más sostenible. Además, la simulación del sistema se realiza en MATLAB/Simulink, utilizando modelos de control PI y PID para contrastar su rendimiento. Se examinaron perturbaciones como fallos de bombas, inyecciones imprevistas y fugas simuladas para evaluar la reacción del sistema automatizado ante situaciones críticas. Finalmente, se demostró que los controladores PI y PID logran una estabilización eficaz del nivel de agua, reduciendo las pérdidas y optimizando el uso de energía. El PID mostró una reacción más precisa, manteniendo la estabilidad incluso ante cambios bruscos.
Palabras clave: Sistema automatizado, Planta de tratamiento, PI, PID, Operación, Control.
Abstract
This analysis deals with the creation of an automated system to effectively manage the pumping of demineralized water in a treatment plant, with the objective of overcoming the shortcomings of a manual system that causes efficiency losses and risks in operations. This proposal contemplates the implementation of level and pressure sensors, frequency regulators, programmable logic controllers (PLC) and a SCADA interface, facilitating real-time monitoring and a more sustainable operation. In addition, the system simulation is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink, using PI and PID control models to contrast its performance. Disturbances such as pump failures, unanticipated injections and simulated leaks were examined to assess the reaction of the automated system to critical situations. Finally, it was proved that the PI and PID controllers achieve an effective stabilization of the water level, reducing losses and optimizing the use of energy. The PID showed a more accurate reaction, preserving stability even in the face of abrupt changes.
Keywords: Automated system, Treatment plant, PI, PID, Operation, Control.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 15 de abril de 2025.Fecha de aceptación: 27 de junio de 2025.Fecha de publicación: 10 de julio de 2025
Desempeño de estufa de leña tipo rocket
Get PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i16.0307
Abstract
This document describes the performance evaluation of a rocket-type firewood stove designed for the southeastern region of Mexico. The purpose was to determine the firewood consumption, cooking time and thermal efficiency. The performance study was carried out in two sequential stages. Such stages allowed us to understand the operation of the rocket stove based on four response variables and three factors. Under the griddle-type stove, the performance was compared with implemented stoves and constitutes an interesting option to reduce firewood consumption, cooking time and ultimately improve thermal efficiency.
Keywords: Efficiency, Consumption, Cooking, Testing.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i16.0307
Resumen
En el presente documento se describe la evaluación del desempeño de una estufa de leña tipo rocket, diseñada para la región sureste de México. El propósito fue determinar el consumo de leña, tiempo de cocción y la eficiencia térmica. El estudio del desempeño fue realizado en dos etapas secuenciales, las cuales permitieron comprender el funcionamiento de la estufa rocket en función de cuatro variables respuesta que identifican el desempeño y tres factores en evaluación. Bajo la modalidad de estufa dúplex o del tipo plancha, el desempeño fue comparado con estufas implementadas y constituye una interesante opción para reducir consumo de leña, el tiempo de cocción y en definitiva mejorar la eficiencia térmica.
Palabras clave: Eficiencia, Consumo, Cocción, Prueba.
Abstract
This document describes the performance evaluation of a rocket-type firewood stove designed for the southeastern region of Mexico. The purpose was to determine the firewood consumption, cooking time and thermal efficiency. The performance study was carried out in two sequential stages. Such stages allowed us to understand the operation of the rocket stove based on four response variables and three factors. Under the griddle-type stove, the performance was compared with implemented stoves and constitutes an interesting option to reduce firewood consumption, cooking time and ultimately improve thermal efficiency.
Keywords: Efficiency, Consumption, Cooking, Testing.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 26 de mayo de 2025.Fecha de aceptación: 09 de septiembre de 2025.Fecha de publicación: 04 de diciembre de 2025
Análisis y diseño estructural de una residencia universitaria sismo resistente, utilizando Guadua angustifolia Kunth (GaK), en base a la NEC-SE-GUADUA
Get PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0273
Abstract
The structural analysis and design of an earthquake-resistant university residence hall made of Guadua angustifolia Kunth (GaK), in accordance with the Ecuadorian Construction Standard NEC-SE-GUADUA, requires the integration of technical criteria ranging from material characterization to specific construction provisions. GaK characterization includes the morphological identification of culms, verification of their optimal shear age between four and six years, and compliance with conicity and cracking parameters that limit their natural variability. Furthermore, the standardized mechanical properties under a moisture content of 12% constitute the basis for defining allowable stresses and safety factors. In structural design, NEC-SE-GUADUA establishes a method for allowable stresses, with deformation control and verification of column slenderness. It also regulates the behavior of elements subjected to bending, compression, and combinations of loads, integrating shear walls as a fundamental component for lateral resistance. The application of modification coefficients adjusts the design values to the service conditions, reflecting the influence of environmental factors on the material's performance. In the construction field, the design of a university residence hall requires reinforced concrete foundations, metal culm anchors, mortar-filled bolted joints, wall panels configured as shear elements, and rigid diaphragms in floors and roofs. These criteria guarantee a continuous structural system capable of safely responding to seismic stresses typical of the Ecuadorian context.
Keywords: Guadua, structural design, earthquake resistance, structural joints, university residence hall.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0273
Resumen
El análisis y diseño estructural de una residencia universitaria sismo resistente en Guadua angustifolia Kunth (GaK), conforme a la Norma Ecuatoriana de la Construcción NEC-SE-GUADUA, requiere la integración de criterios técnicos que abarcan desde la caracterización del material hasta las disposiciones constructivas específicas. La caracterización de la GaK incluye la identificación morfológica de culmos, la verificación de su edad óptima de corte entre cuatro y seis años, y el cumplimiento de parámetros de conicidad y fisuración que limitan su variabilidad natural. Además, las propiedades mecánicas normalizadas bajo un contenido de humedad del 12% constituyen la base para definir esfuerzos admisibles y coeficientes de seguridad. En el diseño estructural, la NEC-SE-GUADUA establece un método de esfuerzos admisibles, con control de deformaciones y verificación de la esbeltez en columnas. Asimismo, regula el comportamiento de elementos sometidos a flexión, compresión y combinaciones de solicitaciones, integrando muros de corte como parte fundamental para la resistencia lateral. La aplicación de coeficientes de modificación ajusta los valores de cálculo a las condiciones de servicio, reflejando la influencia de factores ambientales sobre el desempeño del material. En el ámbito constructivo, el diseño de una residencia universitaria exige cimentaciones de hormigón reforzado, anclajes metálicos de culmos, uniones empernadas con mortero de relleno, paneles de muro configurados como elementos de corte y diafragmas rígidos en entrepisos y cubiertas. Estos criterios garantizan un sistema estructural continuo, capaz de responder de manera segura a solicitaciones sísmicas propias del contexto ecuatoriano.
Palabras clave: Guadua, diseño estructural, sismo resistencia, uniones estructurales, residencia universitaria.
Abstract
The structural analysis and design of an earthquake-resistant university residence hall made of Guadua angustifolia Kunth (GaK), in accordance with the Ecuadorian Construction Standard NEC-SE-GUADUA, requires the integration of technical criteria ranging from material characterization to specific construction provisions. GaK characterization includes the morphological identification of culms, verification of their optimal shear age between four and six years, and compliance with conicity and cracking parameters that limit their natural variability. Furthermore, the standardized mechanical properties under a moisture content of 12% constitute the basis for defining allowable stresses and safety factors. In structural design, NEC-SE-GUADUA establishes a method for allowable stresses, with deformation control and verification of column slenderness. It also regulates the behavior of elements subjected to bending, compression, and combinations of loads, integrating shear walls as a fundamental component for lateral resistance. The application of modification coefficients adjusts the design values to the service conditions, reflecting the influence of environmental factors on the material's performance. In the construction field, the design of a university residence hall requires reinforced concrete foundations, metal culm anchors, mortar-filled bolted joints, wall panels configured as shear elements, and rigid diaphragms in floors and roofs. These criteria guarantee a continuous structural system capable of safely responding to seismic stresses typical of the Ecuadorian context.
Keywords: Guadua, structural design, earthquake resistance, structural joints, university residence hall.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 11 de diciembre de 2024.Fecha de aceptación: 24 de febrero de 2024.Fecha de publicación: 16 de junio de 2025
Comparación de Sistemas de Protección Pasiva Contra Fuego para Estructuras de Acero usando Materiales Industrializados y Naturales
Get PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i16.0292
Abstract
Steel is incredibly strong, but it has an Achilles’ heel: fire. When temperatures soar during a blaze, steel structures can lose their strength and risk collapsing. To prevent this, passive protection systems are used—like a shield that provides vital time for a safe evacuation. The problem is that information about these systems is highly scattered, making it difficult to choose the best material. Materials are divided into two major groups: industrialized ones (such as special gypsum, mineral wool, concrete, or intumescent paints that swell when exposed to heat) and natural-origin alternatives, a sustainable option that is gaining ground. This work highlights the remarkable potential of rammed earth, adobe, straw bales, and even hempcrete—materials whose fire performance is surprisingly strong, often comparable to factory-made products. The result is a clear and well-structured guide that not only helps professionals make better decisions but also opens the door to researching more eco-friendly materials. The goal: a construction sector that is both safer and more sustainable.
Keywords: Fire, Steel, Protection, Materials, Sustainability.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i16.0292
Resumen
El acero es increíblemente resistente, pero tiene un talón de Aquiles: el fuego. Cuando las temperaturas se disparan en un incendio, las estructuras de acero pueden perder su fuerza y correr el riesgo de colapsar. Para evitarlo, se usa sistemas de protección pasiva, una especie de escudo que da tiempo vital para una evacuación segura. El problema es que la información sobre estos sistemas está muy dispersa, lo que complica la vida a la hora de elegir el mejor material. Se divide los materiales en dos grandes equipos: los industrializados (como el yeso especial, la lana mineral, el hormigón o las pinturas que se hinchan con el calor) y los de origen natural, una alternativa sostenible que está ganando terreno. Aquí se expone el increíble potencial de la tierra apisonada, el adobe, los fardos de paja e incluso el hormigón de cáñamo, materiales cuyo rendimiento frente al fuego es sorprendentemente bueno, a menudo a la altura de los productos de fábrica. El resultado es una guía clara y ordenada que no solo ayuda a los profesionales a tomar mejores decisiones, sino que también abre la puerta a investigar materiales más ecológicos. El objetivo final: un sector de la construcción más seguro y, a la vez, más sostenible.
Palabras clave: Fuego, Acero, Protección, Materiales, Sostenibilidad.
Abstract
Steel is incredibly strong, but it has an Achilles’ heel: fire. When temperatures soar during a blaze, steel structures can lose their strength and risk collapsing. To prevent this, passive protection systems are used—like a shield that provides vital time for a safe evacuation. The problem is that information about these systems is highly scattered, making it difficult to choose the best material. Materials are divided into two major groups: industrialized ones (such as special gypsum, mineral wool, concrete, or intumescent paints that swell when exposed to heat) and natural-origin alternatives, a sustainable option that is gaining ground. This work highlights the remarkable potential of rammed earth, adobe, straw bales, and even hempcrete—materials whose fire performance is surprisingly strong, often comparable to factory-made products. The result is a clear and well-structured guide that not only helps professionals make better decisions but also opens the door to researching more eco-friendly materials. The goal: a construction sector that is both safer and more sustainable.
Keywords: Fire, Steel, Protection, Materials, Sustainability.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 09 de junio de 2025.Fecha de aceptación: 29 de agosto de 2025.Fecha de publicación: 29 de septiembre de 2025
Estabilización de suelo arcilloso con el empleo de cal y cemento para el mejoramiento de la subrasante
Get PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0249
To improve the stability of a subgrade, material was extracted from Miraflores Avenue in Portoviejo Canton and subjected to experimental testing. Tests were conducted according to the Atterberg Limits (AASHTO T-89, 2021), Modified Proctor (AASHTO T-180, 2021), and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) (AASHTO T-193, 2021) standards. The soil was treated with lime and cement in three different proportions: 2%, 4%, and 6%, and its reaction to each addition was evaluated. It was found that, from 2% to 6% of both stabilizers, the material showed a significant improvement in its geotechnical properties. In its improved state, the soil was classified as Low Plasticity Silt (LM), with a maximum dry density (MDD) of 1623 kg/m³ and an optimum moisture content (OMC) of 16.79%. The CBR test yielded a value of 26.32%, indicating a significant improvement in the soil's strength, classifying it as an excellent material for use in subgrade layers. It was observed that, as the proportion of lime and cement increased, the mechanical properties of the clayey soil improved significantly, suggesting greater stability and load-bearing capacity of the treated material.
Keywords: Stabilization of clay soils, lime and cement, soil load capacity.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0249
Resumen
Para mejorar la estabilidad de una subrasante, se extrajo material de la Avenida Miraflores del Cantón Portoviejo y se sometió a pruebas experimentales. Se realizaron ensayos conforme a las normas: Límites de Atterberg (AASHTO T-89, 2021), Proctor Modificado (AASHTO T-180, 2021) y California Bearing Ratio (CBR) (AASHTO T-193, 2021). El suelo fue tratado con cal y cemento en tres proporciones diferentes: 2%, 4% y 6%, evaluando su reacción ante cada adición. Se encontró que, desde el 2% hasta el 6% de ambos estabilizantes, el material presentó una mejora significativa en sus propiedades geotécnicas. En su estado mejorado, el suelo fue clasificado como Limo de Baja Plasticidad (ML), con una densidad seca máxima (DMS) de 1623 kg/m³ y un contenido óptimo de humedad (COH) del 16.79%. El ensayo CBR arrojó un valor del 26.32%, lo que indica una notable mejora en la resistencia del suelo, clasificándolo como un material de excelente calidad para su empleo en capas de subrasante. Se observó que, a medida que se incrementaba la proporción de cal y cemento, las propiedades mecánicas del suelo arcilloso mejoraban significativamente, lo que sugiere una mayor estabilidad y capacidad de soporte del material tratado.
Palabras clave: Estabilización de suelos arcillosos, cal y cemento, capacidad de carga del suelo.
Abstract
To improve the stability of a subgrade, material was extracted from Miraflores Avenue in Portoviejo Canton and subjected to experimental testing. Tests were conducted according to the Atterberg Limits (AASHTO T-89, 2021), Modified Proctor (AASHTO T-180, 2021), and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) (AASHTO T-193, 2021) standards. The soil was treated with lime and cement in three different proportions: 2%, 4%, and 6%, and its reaction to each addition was evaluated. It was found that, from 2% to 6% of both stabilizers, the material showed a significant improvement in its geotechnical properties. In its improved state, the soil was classified as Low Plasticity Silt (LM), with a maximum dry density (MDD) of 1623 kg/m³ and an optimum moisture content (OMC) of 16.79%. The CBR test yielded a value of 26.32%, indicating a significant improvement in the soil's strength, classifying it as an excellent material for use in subgrade layers. It was observed that, as the proportion of lime and cement increased, the mechanical properties of the clayey soil improved significantly, suggesting greater stability and load-bearing capacity of the treated material.
Keywords: Stabilization of clay soils, lime and cement, soil load capacity
Evaluación técnico y económico integral para microgenerador de energía fotovoltaica en Ecuador
Get PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0255
This study evaluates the technical and economic feasibility of a photovoltaic microgenerator in Ecuador, tailored to the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors. A Support Vector Machine (SVM) model was used to predict solar radiation, achieving metrics of precision (0.96), sensitivity (0.96), and accuracy (0.92). In the residential sector, the system requires 11.76 kW and 39 panels to meet a daily demand of 50 kWh, with an initial investment of 1,200 USD, reaching the break-even point in 4.12 years. In the commercial sector, 11.76 kW is needed for a similar daily demand, while in the industrial sector, 78.43 kW and 261 panels are required to cover 333.33 kWh/day. The developed tool optimizes system sizing, considering factors such as panel efficiency, battery capacity, inverter power, and days of autonomy. It also analyzes installation costs and return on investment, demonstrating that photovoltaic systems are cost-effective and reduce CO₂ emissions. The results highlight the feasibility of these systems to diversify Ecuador's energy matrix, maximizing economic and environmental benefits.
Keywords: Solar radiation, sizing, costs, Ecuador.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0255
Resumen
Este estudio evalúa la viabilidad técnica y económica de un microgenerador de energía fotovoltaica en Ecuador, adaptado a los sectores residencial, comercial e industrial. Se utilizó un modelo de Máquinas de Soporte Vectorial (SVM) para predecir la radiación solar, logrando métricas de precisión (0.96), sensibilidad (0.96) y exactitud (0.92). En el sector residencial, el sistema requiere 11.76 kW y 39 paneles para cubrir una demanda diaria de 50 kWh, con una inversión inicial de 1,200 USD, alcanzando el punto de equilibrio en 4.12 años. En el sector comercial, se necesitan 11.76 kW para una demanda diaria similar, mientras que en el sector industrial se requieren 78.43 kW y 261 paneles para cubrir 333.33 kWh/día. La herramienta desarrollada optimiza el dimensionamiento del sistema, considerando factores como eficiencia de paneles, capacidad de batería, potencia del inversor y días de autonomía. Además, analiza costos de instalación y retorno de inversión, demostrando que los sistemas fotovoltaicos son rentables y reducen las emisiones de CO₂. Los resultados destacan la viabilidad de estos sistemas para diversificar la matriz energética en Ecuador, maximizando beneficios económicos y ambientales.
Palabras clave: Radiación solar, dimensionamiento, costos, Ecuador.
Abstract
This study evaluates the technical and economic feasibility of a photovoltaic microgenerator in Ecuador, tailored to the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors. A Support Vector Machine (SVM) model was used to predict solar radiation, achieving metrics of precision (0.96), sensitivity (0.96), and accuracy (0.92). In the residential sector, the system requires 11.76 kW and 39 panels to meet a daily demand of 50 kWh, with an initial investment of 1,200 USD, reaching the break-even point in 4.12 years. In the commercial sector, 11.76 kW is needed for a similar daily demand, while in the industrial sector, 78.43 kW and 261 panels are required to cover 333.33 kWh/day. The developed tool optimizes system sizing, considering factors such as panel efficiency, battery capacity, inverter power, and days of autonomy. It also analyzes installation costs and return on investment, demonstrating that photovoltaic systems are cost-effective and reduce CO₂ emissions. The results highlight the feasibility of these systems to diversify Ecuador's energy matrix, maximizing economic and environmental benefits.
Keywords: Solar radiation, sizing, costs, Ecuador.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 12 de enero de 2025.Fecha de aceptación: 19 de marzo de 2025.Fecha de publicación: 10 de abril de 2025
Ley de competitividad energética en el Ecuador
Get PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0256
Electricity consumption increases year after year, particularly due to population growth, as well as the growth of the industrial zone. The first relevant aspect to be considered is that an increased production of electric energy is associated with an intensification of CO2 emissions, so leading to global warming and climate change; especially when this source of energy is produced by conventional means. According to this, apart from the generation of clean energy, legal instruments such as the Long-Term Energy Competitiveness Draft Law must be promoted whose Technical and Economic Evaluation was evaluated in this research. The methodology combined qualitative and quantitative approaches: a bibliographic review was carried out in order to study the historical evolution of subsidies and tools such as SWOT were used to evaluate the current situation. The study design was documentary and descriptive with a quasi-experimental component by using data from secondary sources which was organized and analyzed with Microsoft Excel to present results through graphics and tables. The results showed that in a long term, the law will not only maintain the observed growth in the electricity sector, but also it will support the use of sustainable energy sources at low costs. Moreover, from a prospective point of view, it is expected that the law will attract both national and foreign investment to improve the growth of the sector and to increase the average of energy efficiency based on the implementation of clean technologies.
Keywords: Optimization, nonlinear, power flow, loss electric, transformer.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0256
Resumen
El consumo de electricidad aumenta año tras año, en particular debido al crecimiento poblacional y de la zona industrial. El primer aspecto relevante para considerar es que el aumento de la producción de energía eléctrica se asocia con una intensificación de las emisiones de CO2, lo que conlleva al calentamiento global y al cambio climático, especialmente cuando esta fuente de energía se produce por medios convencionales. En consecuencia, además de la generación de energía limpia, es necesario promover instrumentos legales como el Proyecto de Ley de Competitividad Energética a Largo Plazo, cuya evaluación técnica y económica se evaluó en esta investigación. La metodología combinó enfoques cualitativos y cuantitativos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica para estudiar la evolución histórica de los subsidios y se utilizaron herramientas como el análisis FODA para evaluar la situación actual. El diseño del estudio fue documental y descriptivo con un componente cuasiexperimental, utilizando datos de fuentes secundarias que se organizaron y analizaron con Microsoft Excel para presentar los resultados mediante gráficos y tablas. Los resultados mostraron que, a largo plazo, la ley no solo mantendrá el crecimiento observado en el sector eléctrico, sino que también promoverá el uso de fuentes de energía sostenibles a bajo costo. Además, desde un punto de vista prospectivo, se espera que la ley atraiga inversión tanto nacional como extranjera para mejorar el crecimiento del sector y aumentar los promedios de eficiencia energética con base en la implementación de tecnologías limpias.
Palabras clave: Optimización, no lineal, flujo de potencia, pérdida eléctrica, transformador.
Abstract
Electricity consumption increases year after year, particularly due to population growth, as well as the growth of the industrial zone. The first relevant aspect to be considered is that an increased production of electric energy is associated with an intensification of CO2 emissions, so leading to global warming and climate change; especially when this source of energy is produced by conventional means. According to this, apart from the generation of clean energy, legal instruments such as the Long-Term Energy Competitiveness Draft Law must be promoted whose Technical and Economic Evaluation was evaluated in this research. The methodology combined qualitative and quantitative approaches: a bibliographic review was carried out in order to study the historical evolution of subsidies and tools such as SWOT were used to evaluate the current situation. The study design was documentary and descriptive with a quasi-experimental component by using data from secondary sources which was organized and analyzed with Microsoft Excel to present results through graphics and tables. The results showed that in a long term, the law will not only maintain the observed growth in the electricity sector, but also it will support the use of sustainable energy sources at low costs. Moreover, from a prospective point of view, it is expected that the law will attract both national and foreign investment to improve the growth of the sector and to increase the average of energy efficiency based on the implementation of clean technologies.
Keywords: Optimization, nonlinear, power flow, loss electric, transformer.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 13 de febrero de 2025.Fecha de aceptación: 24 de abril de 2025.Fecha de publicación: 07 de mayo de 2025