Revista Científica INGENIAR - Ingeniería, Tecnología e Investigación
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Estado del arte sobre estructuras y eficiencia energética en construcciones civiles sostenibles
Get PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0233
This article reviews the state of the art on structures and energy efficiency in sustainable civil constructions. Through a systematic literature review, global strategies to enhance sustainability in the construction sector are analyzed, focusing on the use of eco-friendly materials, passive design, and the integration of renewable energies. The challenges Ecuador faces in implementing these sustainable practices are discussed, with an emphasis on economic and regulatory barriers. Lastly, recommendations are made to adapt these strategies to the Ecuadorian context and improve energy efficiency in buildings.
Keywords: Sustainability, energy efficiency, civil construction, passive design, renewable energies, Ecuador.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0233
Resumen
Este artículo revisa el estado del arte sobre las estructuras y la eficiencia energética en construcciones civiles sostenibles. A través de una revisión sistemática de la literatura, se analizan las estrategias utilizadas globalmente para mejorar la sostenibilidad en el sector de la construcción, centrándose en el uso de materiales ecológicos, el diseño pasivo y la integración de energías renovables. Asimismo, se discuten los retos que enfrenta Ecuador en la implementación de estas prácticas sostenibles, destacando las barreras económicas y normativas. Finalmente, se proponen recomendaciones para adaptar dichas estrategias al contexto ecuatoriano y mejorar la eficiencia energética en las edificaciones.
Palabras clave: Sostenibilidad, eficiencia energética, construcción civil, diseño pasivo, energías renovables, Ecuador.
Abstract
This article reviews the state of the art on structures and energy efficiency in sustainable civil constructions. Through a systematic literature review, global strategies to enhance sustainability in the construction sector are analyzed, focusing on the use of eco-friendly materials, passive design, and the integration of renewable energies. The challenges Ecuador faces in implementing these sustainable practices are discussed, with an emphasis on economic and regulatory barriers. Lastly, recommendations are made to adapt these strategies to the Ecuadorian context and improve energy efficiency in buildings.
Keywords: Sustainability, energy efficiency, civil construction, passive design, renewable energies, Ecuador
Diagnóstico técnico y plan de restauración para infraestructura sanitaria deteriorada: Caso de estudio en Manta, Ecuador
Get PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0246
This study evaluated the operational status of the sanitary sewage system in the Si Vivienda urbanization of Manta, Ecuador, identifying critical deficiencies and proposing technical solutions to optimize its operation. Through applied and descriptive research, the structural conditions of household inspection boxes, manholes, and sanitary infrastructure components were examined in detail, using field methods, direct observation, and documentary analysis. The infrastructure was found to have a medium level of deterioration, with significant obstructions and structural damage, resulting in poor system operation. Critical points where wastewater flow is compromised were identified, and technical parameters such as flow rates were recalculated. These results were complemented with resident surveys to assess the impact on their quality of life. A technical plan was developed that includes the design of new functional covers and restoration of wells with high-durability materials, along with a reference budget for implementation and recommendations for preventive and corrective maintenance. The study adheres to national and international regulations such as EMAAP-Q and Interagua, expressing the urgent need for intervention in the urbanization's sanitary system.
Keywords: Sanitary sewer, wastewater, operational diagnosis, corrective maintenance, urban infrastructure.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0246
Resumen
Este estudio evaluó el estado operacional del sistema de alcantarillado sanitario en la urbanización Si Vivienda del cantón Manta, Ecuador, identificando deficiencias críticas y proponiendo soluciones técnicas para optimizar su funcionamiento. Mediante investigación aplicada y descriptiva, se examinaron detalladamente las condiciones estructurales de cajas domiciliarias, pozos de inspección y componentes de infraestructura sanitaria, utilizando métodos de campo, observación directa y análisis documental. Se determinó que la infraestructura presenta un nivel medio de deterioro, con obstrucciones y daños estructurales significativos, resultando en una operación deficiente del sistema. Se identificaron puntos críticos donde el flujo de aguas residuales está comprometido y se recalcularon parámetros técnicos como velocidades de flujo y caudal. Los resultados se complementaron con encuestas a moradores para evaluar el impacto en su calidad de vida. Se desarrolló un plan técnico que incluye diseño de nuevas tapas funcionales y restauración de pozos con materiales de alta durabilidad, junto con un presupuesto referencial para su ejecución y recomendaciones para mantenimiento preventivo y correctivo. El estudio se acopla a normativas nacionales e internacionales como EMAAP-Q e Interagua, expresando la urgente necesidad de intervención en el sistema sanitario de la urbanización.
Palabras clave: Alcantarillado sanitario, aguas residuales, diagnóstico operacional, mantenimiento correctivo, infraestructura urbana.
Abstract
This study evaluated the operational status of the sanitary sewage system in the Si Vivienda urbanization of Manta, Ecuador, identifying critical deficiencies and proposing technical solutions to optimize its operation. Through applied and descriptive research, the structural conditions of household inspection boxes, manholes, and sanitary infrastructure components were examined in detail, using field methods, direct observation, and documentary analysis. The infrastructure was found to have a medium level of deterioration, with significant obstructions and structural damage, resulting in poor system operation. Critical points where wastewater flow is compromised were identified, and technical parameters such as flow rates were recalculated. These results were complemented with resident surveys to assess the impact on their quality of life. A technical plan was developed that includes the design of new functional covers and restoration of wells with high-durability materials, along with a reference budget for implementation and recommendations for preventive and corrective maintenance. The study adheres to national and international regulations such as EMAAP-Q and Interagua, expressing the urgent need for intervention in the urbanization's sanitary system.
Keywords: Sanitary sewer, wastewater, operational diagnosis, corrective maintenance, urban infrastructure.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 16 de octubre de 2024.Fecha de aceptación: 19 de diciembre de 2024.Fecha de publicación: 10 de enero de 2025
Desafíos y oportunidades del aprendizaje adaptativo en la enseñanza de matemáticas
Get PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0254
This study examines the challenges and opportunities of adaptive learning in mathematics education through a systematic review of recent literature. The research analyzes the main barriers to effective implementation of adaptive systems, including personalized content design, teacher training, technological infrastructure, and impact assessment. Significant opportunities are identified in terms of learning personalization, improved student engagement, and development of 21st-century skills. Results suggest that adaptive learning has the potential to transform mathematics teaching by addressing math anxiety and improving student motivation. However, its success depends on factors such as adequate teacher training, equitable access to technological resources, and implementation of ethical frameworks for data management. The research highlights the need to develop more sophisticated metrics to evaluate the impact of adaptive learning, considering not only academic performance but also factors such as motivation and the development of transversal skills. It concludes that, despite existing challenges, adaptive learning represents a significant evolution in mathematics education, justifying continued investment in its development and implementation.
Keywords: Intelligent Tutoring Systems, Individual Differences, Immediate Feedback, 21st Century Skills, Formative Evaluation.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0254
Resumen
Este estudio examina los desafíos y oportunidades del aprendizaje adaptativo en la enseñanza de matemáticas mediante una revisión sistemática de la literatura reciente. La investigación analiza las principales barreras para la implementación efectiva de sistemas adaptativos, incluyendo el diseño de contenido personalizado, la capacitación docente, la infraestructura tecnológica y la evaluación del impacto. Se identifican oportunidades significativas en términos de personalización del aprendizaje, mejora del compromiso estudiantil y desarrollo de habilidades del siglo XXI. Los resultados sugieren que el aprendizaje adaptativo tiene el potencial de transformar la enseñanza de matemáticas al abordar la ansiedad matemática y mejorar la motivación de los estudiantes. Sin embargo, su éxito depende de factores como la formación adecuada del profesorado, el acceso equitativo a recursos tecnológicos y la implementación de marcos éticos para la gestión de datos. La investigación destaca la necesidad de desarrollar métricas más sofisticadas para evaluar el impacto del aprendizaje adaptativo, considerando no solo el rendimiento académico sino también factores como la motivación y el desarrollo de habilidades transversales. Se concluye que, a pesar de los desafíos existentes, el aprendizaje adaptativo representa una evolución significativa en la educación matemática, justificando la inversión continua en su desarrollo e implementación.
Palabras clave: Sistemas Tutoriales Inteligentes, Diferencias Individuales, Retroalimentación Inmediata, Competencias del Siglo XXI, Evaluación Formativa.
Abstract
This study examines the challenges and opportunities of adaptive learning in mathematics education through a systematic review of recent literature. The research analyzes the main barriers to effective implementation of adaptive systems, including personalized content design, teacher training, technological infrastructure, and impact assessment. Significant opportunities are identified in terms of learning personalization, improved student engagement, and development of 21st-century skills. Results suggest that adaptive learning has the potential to transform mathematics teaching by addressing math anxiety and improving student motivation. However, its success depends on factors such as adequate teacher training, equitable access to technological resources, and implementation of ethical frameworks for data management. The research highlights the need to develop more sophisticated metrics to evaluate the impact of adaptive learning, considering not only academic performance but also factors such as motivation and the development of transversal skills. It concludes that, despite existing challenges, adaptive learning represents a significant evolution in mathematics education, justifying continued investment in its development and implementation.
Keywords: Intelligent Tutoring Systems, Individual Differences, Immediate Feedback, 21st Century Skills, Formative Evaluation.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 12 de enero de 2025.Fecha de aceptación: 13 de marzo de 2025.Fecha de publicación: 10 de abril de 2025
Diseño de un módulo ERP para la gestión del sistema de inventario en la empresa empaquetadora de snacks ubicada en el barrio 11 de Noviembre en el Cantón Pujilí
Get PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0260
This paper describes the design and implementation of an ERP module for inventory management in a snack packaging company located in the 11 de Noviembre neighborhood of Pujilí. Common challenges faced by Ecuadorian SMEs were identified, such as a lack of automation and errors in stock control. The developed system is based on a modern architecture supported by a flexible Microsoft Azure server, allowing for centralized and real-time access to information. A MySQL Workbench database and a Windows Forms interface were created for administrators and employees. The module facilitates the management of users, customers, suppliers, product types, and movements, generating automated reports exportable to Excel. This solution reduces waste, optimizes resources, and provides greater control and visibility over inventory, adapting to the needs and language of SMEs. In conclusion, the integration of this ERP contributes to the company's efficiency, competitiveness, and sustainability, serving as a benchmark for similar projects in the food sector.
Keywords: ERP, inventory, SMEs, automation, snacks.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0260
Resumen
El presente trabajo describe el diseño e implementación de un módulo ERP para la gestión de inventarios en una empresa empaquetadora de snacks ubicada en el Barrio 11 de noviembre, cantón Pujilí. Se identificaron desafíos comunes en las PYMES ecuatorianas, como la falta de automatización y los errores en el control de existencias. El sistema desarrollado se basa en una arquitectura moderna soportada por un servidor flexible de Microsoft Azure, permitiendo centralizar y acceder a la información en tiempo real. Se creó una base de datos en MySQL Workbench y una interfaz en Windows Forms orientada a usuarios administradores y empleados. El módulo facilita la gestión de usuarios, clientes, proveedores, tipos y movimientos de productos, generando reportes automatizados y exportables a Excel. Esta solución reduce mermas, optimiza recursos y proporciona mayor control y visibilidad sobre el inventario, adaptándose a las necesidades y lenguaje de las PYMES. En conclusión, la integración de este ERP contribuye a la eficiencia, competitividad y sostenibilidad de la empresa, sirviendo como referencia para proyectos similares en el sector alimenticio.
Palabras clave: ERP, inventario, PYMES, automatización, snacks.
Abstract
This paper describes the design and implementation of an ERP module for inventory management in a snack packaging company located in the 11 de Noviembre neighborhood of Pujilí. Common challenges faced by Ecuadorian SMEs were identified, such as a lack of automation and errors in stock control. The developed system is based on a modern architecture supported by a flexible Microsoft Azure server, allowing for centralized and real-time access to information. A MySQL Workbench database and a Windows Forms interface were created for administrators and employees. The module facilitates the management of users, customers, suppliers, product types, and movements, generating automated reports exportable to Excel. This solution reduces waste, optimizes resources, and provides greater control and visibility over inventory, adapting to the needs and language of SMEs. In conclusion, the integration of this ERP contributes to the company's efficiency, competitiveness, and sustainability, serving as a benchmark for similar projects in the food sector.
Keywords: ERP, inventory, SMEs, automation, snacks.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 14 de febrero de 2025.Fecha de aceptación: 24 de abril de 2025.Fecha de publicación: 10 de mayo de 2025
Road safety and user vulnerability in urban corridors: Empirical evidence from the city of Jipijapa
Get PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i16.0301
Abstract
Urban road safety represented a critical challenge in intermediate cities of Ecuador, where pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists were highly exposed. This study evaluated La Prensa Avenue in Jipijapa, a 948 m urban corridor with residential and commercial uses and intense modal interaction. The aim was to assess road safety and user vulnerability through a road safety audit, using standardised checklists and triangulation with official crash records and vehicle exposure data. A cross-sectional observational design was applied, incorporating daytime and night-time inspections, standardised forms, georeferenced photographic records, and risk matrices combining probability and consequence. Police crash data from 2019 to 2023, traffic counts for annual average daily traffic (AADT), and topographic surveys for geometric context were utilised. The results revealed high criticality in vulnerable users (85 points), visibility and speed control (82), and vertical and horizontal signage (79). Crash records highlighted side and frontal collisions, along with pedestrian crashes in areas lacking designated crossings. Operating speeds exceeded the 50 km/h design speed by up to 9 km/h, increasing risk exposure and crash severity. The consolidation of matrices and records enabled the identification of critical sub-sections (0+000–0+200 m and 0+200–0+400 m) and provided empirical evidence to support technically sound interventions. It was concluded that integrating audit results, exposure levels, and crash records offered robust evidence to strengthen municipal management and planning of effective safety measures in comparable urban corridors.
Keywords: road safety audit; vulnerable users; operating speed; crash records; risk matrix.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i16.0301
Resumen
La seguridad vial urbana representó un desafío crítico en las ciudades intermedias de Ecuador, donde peatones, ciclistas y motociclistas estaban altamente expuestos. Este estudio evaluó la Avenida La Prensa en Jipijapa, un corredor urbano de 948 m con usos residenciales y comerciales e intensa interacción modal. El objetivo fue evaluar la seguridad vial y la vulnerabilidad de los usuarios mediante una auditoría de seguridad vial, utilizando listas de verificación estandarizadas y triangulación con registros oficiales de accidentes y datos de exposición vehicular. Se aplicó un diseño observacional transversal, que incorporó inspecciones diurnas y nocturnas, formularios estandarizados, registros fotográficos georreferenciados y matrices de riesgo que combinan probabilidad y consecuencia. Se utilizaron datos de accidentes policiales de 2019 a 2023, aforos de tráfico para el tráfico promedio diario anual (TPDA) y levantamientos topográficos para el contexto geométrico. Los resultados revelaron una alta criticidad en usuarios vulnerables (85 puntos), visibilidad y control de velocidad (82), y señalización vertical y horizontal (79). Los registros de accidentes destacaron colisiones laterales y frontales, junto con atropellos de peatones en áreas sin cruces designados. Las velocidades de operación superaron la velocidad de diseño de 50 km/h en hasta 9 km/h, lo que incrementó la exposición al riesgo y la gravedad de los accidentes. La consolidación de matrices y registros permitió identificar subsecciones críticas (0+000–0+200 m y 0+200–0+400 m) y proporcionó evidencia empírica para respaldar intervenciones técnicamente sólidas. Se concluyó que la integración de los resultados de las auditorías, los niveles de exposición y los registros de accidentes ofreció evidencia sólida para fortalecer la gestión municipal y la planificación de medidas de seguridad eficaces en corredores urbanos comparables.
Palabras clave: auditoría de seguridad vial; usuarios vulnerables; velocidad de operación; historial de accidentes; matriz de riesgos.
Abstract
Urban road safety represented a critical challenge in intermediate cities of Ecuador, where pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists were highly exposed. This study evaluated La Prensa Avenue in Jipijapa, a 948 m urban corridor with residential and commercial uses and intense modal interaction. The aim was to assess road safety and user vulnerability through a road safety audit, using standardised checklists and triangulation with official crash records and vehicle exposure data. A cross-sectional observational design was applied, incorporating daytime and night-time inspections, standardised forms, georeferenced photographic records, and risk matrices combining probability and consequence. Police crash data from 2019 to 2023, traffic counts for annual average daily traffic (AADT), and topographic surveys for geometric context were utilised. The results revealed high criticality in vulnerable users (85 points), visibility and speed control (82), and vertical and horizontal signage (79). Crash records highlighted side and frontal collisions, along with pedestrian crashes in areas lacking designated crossings. Operating speeds exceeded the 50 km/h design speed by up to 9 km/h, increasing risk exposure and crash severity. The consolidation of matrices and records enabled the identification of critical sub-sections (0+000–0+200 m and 0+200–0+400 m) and provided empirical evidence to support technically sound interventions. It was concluded that integrating audit results, exposure levels, and crash records offered robust evidence to strengthen municipal management and planning of effective safety measures in comparable urban corridors.
Keywords: road safety audit; vulnerable users; operating speed; crash records; risk matrix.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 08 de julio de 2025.Fecha de aceptación: 18 de septiembre de 2025.Fecha de publicación: 27 de octubre de 2025
Gas Criogénico: Un Enfoque Innovador para Optimizar la Vida Útil de las Herramientas y el Acabado Superficial en Procesos de Torneado
Get PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0235
The following article presents an extensive investigation into the effects of cryogenic gas heat treatment to determine tool life and surface finish in turning processes. The thermal properties of these gases allow for a reduction in operating temperature, which in turn decreases tool wear and improves both the tool’s microstructure and the machined materials. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the impact of cryogenic cooling on the durability of cutting tools and the surface quality of the manufactured parts. The most relevant results showed that using cryogenic gas doubled the tool life compared to conventional methods such as oil and coolant. In addition, a significant improvement was observed in the surface finish of the machined parts, with a noticeable reduction in roughness and surface defects. In conclusion, the use of cryogenic gas emerges as an innovative and effective strategy to optimize both tool durability and surface finish quality in turning processes. The findings suggest that its implementation could transform practices in the machining industry, contributing to greater sustainability and efficiency in production processes.
Keywords: Cryogenic cooling, roughness reduction, surface defects, Liquid Nitrogen.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0235
Resumen
En el siguiente artículo se realizó una exhaustiva investigación sobre los efectos del tratamiento térmico con gas criogénico para determinar la vida útil de la herramienta y su acabado superficial en procesos de torneado. Las propiedades térmicas de estos gases es lo que permite reducir la temperatura de operación, lo que a su vez disminuye el desgaste de las herramientas y mejora su microestructura, asi como el de los materiales mecanizados. El objetivo principal del estudio es evaluar el impacto de la refrigeración criogénica en la durabilidad de las herramientas de corte y en la calidad superficial de las piezas fabricadas. Los resultados más relevantes determinaron que al utilizar el gas criogénico duplicaron la vida útil de las herramientas de corte en comparación con los métodos convencionales tales como el aceite y taladrina. Además, se observó una mejora significativa en el acabado superficial de las piezas mecanizadas, manifestando una notable reducción de la rugosidad y de defectos superficiales. En conclusión, el uso de gas criogénico se presenta como una estrategia innovadora y efectiva para optimizar tanto la durabilidad de las herramientas como la calidad del acabado superficial en procesos de torneado. Los hallazgos sugieren que su implementación podría transformar las prácticas en la industria del mecanizado, contribuyendo a una mayor sostenibilidad y eficiencia en los procesos productivos.
Palabras clave: Refrigeración criogénica, reducción de la rugosidad, defectos superficiales, Nitrógeno Líquido.
Abstract
The following article presents an extensive investigation into the effects of cryogenic gas heat treatment to determine tool life and surface finish in turning processes. The thermal properties of these gases allow for a reduction in operating temperature, which in turn decreases tool wear and improves both the tool’s microstructure and the machined materials. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the impact of cryogenic cooling on the durability of cutting tools and the surface quality of the manufactured parts. The most relevant results showed that using cryogenic gas doubled the tool life compared to conventional methods such as oil and coolant. In addition, a significant improvement was observed in the surface finish of the machined parts, with a noticeable reduction in roughness and surface defects. In conclusion, the use of cryogenic gas emerges as an innovative and effective strategy to optimize both tool durability and surface finish quality in turning processes. The findings suggest that its implementation could transform practices in the machining industry, contributing to greater sustainability and efficiency in production processes.
Keywords: Cryogenic cooling, roughness reduction, surface defects, Liquid Nitrogen.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 03 de octubre de 2024.Fecha de aceptación: 19 de diciembre de 2024.Fecha de publicación: 10 de enero de 2025
Control de convertidores formadores de red con fuente de voltaje conectado al sistema eléctrico de distribución balanceada
Get PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0239
The study focuses on the management of voltage source grid-forming converters (VSC) in balanced power systems, essential for the incorporation of renewable energies such as solar and electric power. These converters function as virtual generators, providing voltage and frequency stability in the face of disturbances. Advanced control strategies were developed and implemented, including the application of a virtual inertia control (VSM), which replicates the dynamic behavior of conventional synchronous generators. Models have been created that include an inverter linked through controllers, improving distributed power quality and reducing harmonics. Additionally, battery storage systems and a solar panel with MPPT regulation were incorporated, optimizing energy efficiency. The findings indicate that these tactics enhance system stability, decrease oscillations and ensure performance, contributing to the advancement of sustainable power grids.
Keywords: VSM, Converters, MPPT, Harmonics.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0239
Resumen
El estudio se centra en la gestión de convertidores formadores de red de fuente de voltaje (VSC) en sistemas eléctricos balanceados, esenciales para la incorporación de energías renovables como la solar y la eléctrica. Estos convertidores funcionan como generadores virtuales, brindando estabilidad en tensión y frecuencia frente a alteraciones. Se desarrollaron y ejecutaron estrategias de control avanzadas, que incluyen la aplicación de un control de inercia virtual (VSM), que replica el comportamiento dinámico de generadores sincrónicos convencionales. Se han creado modelos que incluyen un inversor vinculado a través de controladores, mejorando la calidad de energía distribuida y reduciendo los armónicos. Adicionalmente, se incorporaron sistemas de almacenaje por baterías y un panel solar con regulación MPPT, optimizando la eficiencia energética. Los hallazgos indican que estas tácticas potencian la estabilidad del sistema, disminuyen las oscilaciones y aseguran un funcionamiento, aportando de manera al avance de redes eléctricas y sostenibles.
Palabras clave: VSM, Convertidores, MPPT, Armónicos.
Abstract
The study focuses on the management of voltage source grid-forming converters (VSC) in balanced power systems, essential for the incorporation of renewable energies such as solar and electric power. These converters function as virtual generators, providing voltage and frequency stability in the face of disturbances. Advanced control strategies were developed and implemented, including the application of a virtual inertia control (VSM), which replicates the dynamic behavior of conventional synchronous generators. Models have been created that include an inverter linked through controllers, improving distributed power quality and reducing harmonics. Additionally, battery storage systems and a solar panel with MPPT regulation were incorporated, optimizing energy efficiency. The findings indicate that these tactics enhance system stability, decrease oscillations and ensure performance, contributing to the advancement of sustainable power grids.
Keywords: VSM, Converters, MPPT, Harmonics.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 16 de octubre de 2024.Fecha de aceptación: 19 de diciembre de 2024.Fecha de publicación: 10 de enero de 2025
Mapificación de la resistencia de los suelos naturales en los predios de la Universidad Técnica de Manabí para los diseños de pavimentos
Get PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0258
Soil behavior is a crucial factor in infrastructure design and construction, as it directly influences stability and load-bearing capacity. In this context, this study aimed to map soil resistance in the premises of the Universidad Técnica de Manabí through key geotechnical tests, including granulometry, Atterberg limits, plasticity index, water content, and dynamic cone penetration (DCP), following SUCS and AASHTO standards. The methodology involved analyzing 17 test pits distributed across the campus, applying the Kriging interpolation method to generate georeferenced maps of the CBR index, SUCS classification, and soil plasticity. The CBR values, obtained from the DCP test and empirical formulas, ranged from 1.38% to 39.01%, with test pits 2 and 4 exhibiting high load-bearing capacity, whereas test pits 14 and 17 presented weak soils. According to the SUCS classification, the predominant soil type was CH (high-plasticity clays), with plasticity indices ranging from 15.28% to 76.47%, indicating the presence of expansive soils highly susceptible to moisture variations. The results highlight the need for stabilization strategies in areas with low load-bearing capacity and high plasticity. Finally, the generated georeferenced maps serve as a valuable tool for planning future road and structural projects, optimizing the design of safe infrastructures.
Keywords: mapping, land, construction, road works.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0258
Resumen
El comportamiento del suelo es un factor determinante en el diseño y construcción de infraestructuras, ya que influye en su estabilidad y capacidad portante. En este contexto, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo mapificar la resistencia del suelo en los predios de la Universidad Técnica de Manabí mediante ensayos geotécnicos clave, como granulometría, límites de Atterberg, índice de plasticidad, contenido de agua y penetración dinámica (DCP), bajo las normas SUCS y AASHTO. La metodología incluyó el análisis de 17 calicatas distribuidas en el campus, donde se aplicó el método de interpolación Kriging para generar mapas georreferenciados del índice CBR, clasificación SUCS y plasticidad del suelo. Los valores de CBR, obtenidos a partir del ensayo DCP y fórmulas empíricas, oscilaron entre 1,38 % y 39,01 %, destacando las calicatas 2 y 4 por su alta capacidad portante, mientras que las calicatas 14 y 17 presentaron suelos con baja resistencia. En la clasificación SUCS, predominó el tipo CH (arcillas de alta plasticidad), lo que indica la presencia de suelos expansivos con alta susceptibilidad a variaciones de humedad. Los resultados evidencian la necesidad de estrategias de estabilización en zonas con baja capacidad portante y alta plasticidad. Finalmente, los mapas georreferenciados generados constituyen una herramienta valiosa para la planificación de futuras obras viales.
Palabras clave: mapificación, suelo, construcción, obras viales.
Abstract
Soil behavior is a crucial factor in infrastructure design and construction, as it directly influences stability and load-bearing capacity. In this context, this study aimed to map soil resistance in the premises of the Universidad Técnica de Manabí through key geotechnical tests, including granulometry, Atterberg limits, plasticity index, water content, and dynamic cone penetration (DCP), following SUCS and AASHTO standards. The methodology involved analyzing 17 test pits distributed across the campus, applying the Kriging interpolation method to generate georeferenced maps of the CBR index, SUCS classification, and soil plasticity. The CBR values, obtained from the DCP test and empirical formulas, ranged from 1.38% to 39.01%, with test pits 2 and 4 exhibiting high load-bearing capacity, whereas test pits 14 and 17 presented weak soils. According to the SUCS classification, the predominant soil type was CH (high-plasticity clays), with plasticity indices ranging from 15.28% to 76.47%, indicating the presence of expansive soils highly susceptible to moisture variations. The results highlight the need for stabilization strategies in areas with low load-bearing capacity and high plasticity. Finally, the generated georeferenced maps serve as a valuable tool for planning future road and structural projects, optimizing the design of safe infrastructures.
Keywords: mapping, land, construction, road works.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 12 de enero de 2025.Fecha de aceptación: 31 de marzo de 2025.Fecha de publicación: 10 de abril de 2025
La calidad del servicio en la distribución de productos de primera necesidad en instituciones en Riobamba
Get PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0261
This study aims to evaluate the quality of service in the distribution of basic necessities to institutions in the city of Riobamba, taking as a case study the Food Service Association ‘Al Gusto de su Paladar’. Using a mixed approach research design - quantitative and qualitative - the perceptions of 20 members of the association and 10 representatives of beneficiary institutions were analysed in order to identify strengths, weaknesses and opportunities for improvement in administrative and logistical processes. The results show an overall positive assessment of the service, highlighting the quality of the products and institutional coordination; however, weaknesses were identified in the timeliness of deliveries, quality control and logistical efficiency. Pearson's correlation coefficient (r = 0.91) confirmed a strong positive relationship between administrative management and perception of service quality. Based on these findings, it is proposed to implement strategies aimed at professionalising staff, digitalising logistical processes and standardising monitoring and feedback mechanisms in order to raise the standards of service offered to institutions.
Keywords: Quality of service, distribution, basic necessities, administrative management, Riobamba.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0261
Resumen
El presente estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la calidad del servicio en la distribución de productos de primera necesidad a instituciones en la ciudad de Riobamba, tomando como caso a la Asociación de Servicio de Alimentación “Al Gusto de su Paladar”. Mediante un diseño de investigación de enfoque mixto —cuantitativo y cualitativo— se analizaron las percepciones de 20 miembros de la asociación y 10 representantes de instituciones beneficiarias, con el fin de identificar fortalezas, debilidades y oportunidades de mejora en los procesos administrativos y logísticos. Los resultados evidencian una valoración globalmente positiva del servicio, destacando la calidad de los productos y la coordinación institucional; no obstante, se identificaron debilidades en la puntualidad de las entregas, el control de calidad y la eficiencia logística. El coeficiente de correlación de Pearson (r = 0,91) confirmó una fuerte relación positiva entre la gestión administrativa y la percepción de calidad del servicio. A partir de estos hallazgos, se propone la implementación de estrategias orientadas a la profesionalización del personal, la digitalización de procesos logísticos y la estandarización de mecanismos de monitoreo y retroalimentación, con el fin de elevar los estándares del servicio ofrecido a las instituciones.
Palabras clave: Calidad del servicio, distribución, productos de primera necesidad, gestión administrativa, Riobamba.
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the quality of service in the distribution of basic necessities to institutions in the city of Riobamba, taking as a case study the Food Service Association ‘Al Gusto de su Paladar’. Using a mixed approach research design - quantitative and qualitative - the perceptions of 20 members of the association and 10 representatives of beneficiary institutions were analysed in order to identify strengths, weaknesses and opportunities for improvement in administrative and logistical processes. The results show an overall positive assessment of the service, highlighting the quality of the products and institutional coordination; however, weaknesses were identified in the timeliness of deliveries, quality control and logistical efficiency. Pearson's correlation coefficient (r = 0.91) confirmed a strong positive relationship between administrative management and perception of service quality. Based on these findings, it is proposed to implement strategies aimed at professionalising staff, digitalising logistical processes and standardising monitoring and feedback mechanisms in order to raise the standards of service offered to institutions.
Keywords: Quality of service, distribution, basic necessities, administrative management, Riobamba.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 14 de febrero de 2025.Fecha de aceptación: 24 de abril de 2025.Fecha de publicación: 10 de mayo de 2025
El Rol de la Programación y el Pensamiento Computacional en el Desarrollo de Habilidades Cognitivas en las Matemáticas
Get PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i16.0290
Abstract
The digital transformation has reshaped the teaching of mathematics, demanding an approach that transcends rote calculation to focus on the development of higher-order cognitive skills. In this context, programming and computational thinking emerge as key pedagogical tools. This narrative review aims to analyze the scientific literature on the relationship between these tools and cognitive development in mathematics, identify the specific skills enhanced, and discuss their pedagogical implications. The methodology was based on a systematic search in databases such as Scopus, applying inclusion criteria to gather the most relevant evidence from the last 10 years. The findings reveal that the foundations of computational thinking (decomposition, pattern recognition, and algorithm design) align with key mathematical processes. Evidence shows that programming significantly improves problem-solving through error debugging, which promotes metacognition; strengthens logical reasoning through the use of conditional structures and loops; and enhances visualization and spatial thinking through visual programming environments like Scratch. Despite challenges such as the need for teacher training and the digital divide, the review concludes that computational thinking is a catalyst for a mathematics education oriented toward critical thinking.
Keywords: Computational Thinking, Programming, Cognitive Skills, Mathematics Education, Problem Solving.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i16.0290
Resumen
La transformación digital ha reconfigurado la enseñanza de las matemáticas, exigiendo un enfoque que trascienda el cálculo memorístico para centrarse en el desarrollo de habilidades cognitivas superiores. En este contexto, la programación y el pensamiento computacional emergen como herramientas pedagógicas clave. Esta revisión narrativa tiene como objetivo analizar la literatura científica sobre la relación entre estas herramientas y el desarrollo cognitivo en matemáticas, identificar las habilidades específicas potenciadas y discutir sus implicaciones pedagógicas. La metodología se basó en una búsqueda sistemática en bases de datos como Scopus, aplicando criterios de inclusión para recopilar la evidencia más relevante de los últimos 10 años. Los hallazgos revelan que los fundamentos del pensamiento computacional se alinean con procesos matemáticos clave. La evidencia demuestra que la programación mejora significativamente la resolución de problemas a través de la depuración de errores, que fomenta la metacognición; fortalece el razonamiento lógico mediante el uso de estructuras condicionales y bucles; y potencia la visualización y el pensamiento espacial a través de entornos de programación visual como Scratch. A pesar de desafíos como la necesidad de formación docente y la brecha digital, la revisión concluye que el pensamiento computacional es un catalizador para una enseñanza de las matemáticas orientada al pensamiento crítico.
Palabras clave: Pensamiento Computacional, Programación, Habilidades Cognitivas, Educación Matemática, Resolución de Problemas.
Abstract
The digital transformation has reshaped the teaching of mathematics, demanding an approach that transcends rote calculation to focus on the development of higher-order cognitive skills. In this context, programming and computational thinking emerge as key pedagogical tools. This narrative review aims to analyze the scientific literature on the relationship between these tools and cognitive development in mathematics, identify the specific skills enhanced, and discuss their pedagogical implications. The methodology was based on a systematic search in databases such as Scopus, applying inclusion criteria to gather the most relevant evidence from the last 10 years. The findings reveal that the foundations of computational thinking (decomposition, pattern recognition, and algorithm design) align with key mathematical processes. Evidence shows that programming significantly improves problem-solving through error debugging, which promotes metacognition; strengthens logical reasoning through the use of conditional structures and loops; and enhances visualization and spatial thinking through visual programming environments like Scratch. Despite challenges such as the need for teacher training and the digital divide, the review concludes that computational thinking is a catalyst for a mathematics education oriented toward critical thinking.
Keywords: Computational Thinking, Programming, Cognitive Skills, Mathematics Education, Problem Solving.
Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 13 de mayo de 2025.Fecha de aceptación: 15 de julio de 2025.Fecha de publicación: 08 de septiembre de 2025