Comparativ (E-Journal)
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    Ausländerinnen im Spanischen Bürgerkrieg: Internationales Engagement in einem nationalen Konflikt/ Foreign women in the Spanish Civil War: International engagement in a national conflict

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    Hundreds of women from all over the world supported the Spanish Republic in the Spanish Civil War. For decades their commitment had been almost forgotten, they were not more than a passing reference in the abundant literature about the Spanish Civil War – referred to as humanitarian helpers who came to Spain following their husbands. This contribution discusses the targets and experiences of these foreign female volunteers in a war in an alien country and analyses their role in the development of transnational relations – refuting the traditional gender role model. It will be illustrated how women – in the medical service, at the militias, in logistics and administration, as translators and reporters – fought for their political convictions risking health and life. Many of the networks formed in Spain survived the following years and due to them some Spanienkämpferinnen could be saved from death in the extermination camps of the national socialists

    Geographies of Tropical Ecology: Place-Making in William Beebe’s Travel and Writing

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    Der amerikanische Naturforscher und Reiseschriftsteller William Beebe zählt heute zu denGründern des Forschungsfeldes der Tropenökologie. Der Beitrag beleuchtet die Strategien, mitdenen Beebe dieses Feld erschuf. Ausgangspunkt ist Beebes eigene Beobachtung, dass Repräsentationendie materiellen Erfahrungen, die einen Ort ausmachen, nie vollkommen abbildenkönnen. Peter Turchi nennt dieses Problem „die Herausforderung der Repräsentation“ („thechallenge of representation“). Für Beebe eröffnete diese Herausforderung einen verzwicktenHandlungsraum: An nur einem Ort konnten unterschiedliche Aktivitäten stattfinden und dabeiverschiedene Bedeutungsebenen erschaffen – eine erzählte Landschaft, einen Raum der Körpererfahrungund ein Forschungsfeld. Als Beebe seinen wissenschaftlichen Zugang zur Naturformulierte, musste er die Komplexität des Ortes absichtlich reduzieren, indem er die imaginativenund sinnlich erfahrbaren Bedeutungen zum Schweigen brachte. Methodologisch dienendie Reiseberichte von Beebe als Ansatzpunkt, um diese unterschiedlichen, aber verflochtenenEbenen von „Ort“ in der Konstruktion des Forschungsfeldes sichtbar zu machen. Die theoretischenAnsätze von Peter Turchi, Yi-Fu Tuan und John B. Harley leiten die Analyse.William Beebe was an American naturalist and travel writer, who is nowadays regarded as a founding figure of the scientific field of tropical ecology. This essay understands his contribution to this field in terms of place-making activities. Starting point is one of Beebe’s observations that representations can never depict the material experiences that made up the essence of a place. Peter Turchi has called this problem “the challenge of representation”. For William Beebe, this challenge opened up a tricky room for maneuver: Various activities can happen in one spot and create different notions of place – as narrated landscape, room for bodily experience and site of research. In framing the scientific approach to nature, Beebe had to deliberately reduce the complexity of the place by silencing its imaginative and sensuous notions. The essay uses the written accounts by Beebe as keys to disentangle the different notions of place, guided by the theoretical approaches of Peter Turchi, Yi-Fu Tuan, and John B. Harley

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