Comparativ (E-Journal)
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Pim de Zwart / Jan Luiten van Zanden: The Origins of Globalization. World Trade in the Making of the Global Economy, 1500–1800, Cambridge / New York 2018
Get PDFFelix Wemheuer: Chinas große Umwälzung. Soziale Konflikte und Aufstieg im Weltsystem, Köln 2019; Stefan Schmalz: Machtverschiebungen im Weltsystem. Der Aufstieg Chinas und die große Krise, Frankfurt am Main/New York 2018; Kai Strittmatter: Die Neuerfindun
No full textArt from the GDR: Brand Ambassador of Socialism at First, then Suddenly a Wreckage of History… East German Art Exhibitions in the USA between 1989 and 1991.
Get PDFToday, the visual arts play an important role in the presentation of companies (advertising), municipalities (location marketing), and nations (nation branding). Since its foundation, the GDR tried to improve its international reputation with the help of visual arts. Nevertheless, it was not until its recognition by the Western countries that the cultural exchange with the USA, Great Britain, and other Western European countries could develop without obstacles. At the same time, the dogma of Socialist Realism dissolved during the 1970s and a wider stylistic range in art was tolerated in the GDR. In the 1980s, it became possible for art from the GDR to be shown even in representative museums in Great Britain, France, and the USA. However, it was in the most successful period of its foreign cultural policy that the GDR collapsed. Its art and artists were touring abroad still in the fall and winter of 1989/90, and they were left behind like wreck- age and shipwreck victims of history: suddenly, they now were on their own; the state and the system they were supposed to represent did no longer exist. The article examines three trave- ling exhibitions of East German art that toured the United States between 1989 and 1991 and focuses on the then completely changed working conditions of East German artists
Intricacies of Globality: The P.E.N. Club’s International Congresses 1923–1941
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The P.E.N. (Poets, Essayists, Novelists) Club was founded in 1921 to establish a literary network on a global scale. The interwar years, however, have been a debated period in regard to their global integration, and the P.E.N. Club has been portrayed as falling short of its ideal of globality. In analysing the association’s annual international congresses between 1923 and 1941, this paper proposes the factors of venue and representation to be most expedient in analyses of international institutions’ globality. I argue that the P.E.N. Club succeeded in overcoming economic and ideological backlashes to its globalising mission in the 1930s. Solely times of war proved to pose insurmountable hurdles to the interconnectedness of international cultural associations like the P.E.N. Club
Slavery and Industrialization: Williams Redux
Get PDFDieser Aufsatz bewertet die Position von Eric Williams, dem Autor des vor 75 Jahren erschienenenklassischen Werks über Kapitalismus und Sklaverei, im Lichte neuerer Forschungen, insbesonderevon Historikern der New History of Capitalism. Er hebt die besondere Überzeugungskraft eines Teils von Williams’ Argumenten hervor, dass nämlich in der Zeit zwischen 1688 und 1763 alle Bereiche der britischen Gesellschaft das Interesse der Plantagenbesitzer an Amerika und damit die Sklaverei vorbehaltlos unterstützten. Der Siebenjährige Krieg markierte rückblickend den Höhepunkt der Macht der Plantagenbesitzer im britischen Empire. Die Amerikanische Revolution hingegen führte zu einer Krise der Plantagengesellschaften, wie Williams meinte, allerdings – zumindest ökonomisch – mehr für den amerikanischen Süden als für die britische Karibik.This paper evaluates the standing of Eric Williams, author of the classic work on capitalism and slavery 75 years ago, in the light of new scholarship, notably by historians writing as part of the New History of Capitalism movement. It emphasises how one part of Williams’ argument is especially persuasive, that in the period between 1688 and 1763 all sections of British society supported the planter interest in the Americas and thus slavery without reservation. The Seven Years’ War marked, in retrospect, the peak of planter power within the British Empire. The American Revolution, by contrast, formed, as Williams suggested, a crisis in plantation societies but more so, at least economically, for the American South than for the British Caribbean
Frank Bösch / Caroline Moine / Stefanie Senger (Hrsg.): Internationale Solidarität. Globales Engagement in der Bundesrepublik und der DDR, Göttingen 2018
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Casey Marina Lurtz: From the Ground Up. Building an Export Economy in Southern Mexico, Stanford 2019
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Quizzes and Questionnaires: Learning to Play Democracy under US Occupation in Germany and Japan
Get PDFDie Umerziehung „der Japaner“ und „der Deutschen” nach Kriegsende war nicht nur ein politi- sches oder pädagogisches, sondern auch ein kulturelles Unterfangen. Unmittelbar beeinflusst durch das Denken und die therapeutischen Methoden eher neuer akademischer Disziplinen wie der Sozialpsychologie, der Psychotherapie und der Anthropologie, wurde re-education (oder „reorientation”) als das Verlernen von (vermeintlich „pathologischen”) kulturellen oder Verhaltensmustern verstanden. Neben der Notwendigkeit, die Bildungseinrichtungen zu refor- mieren, wurde den Massenmedien eine zentrale Rolle zugewiesen, um diese alten totalitären Muster zu beseitigen und stattdessen die neuen liberal-demokratischen und kapitalistischen Werte zu vermitteln. Angesichts des Paradoxons, ganze Gesellschaften in Zeiten einer militäri- schen Besatzung von oben herab in liberalistischen Werten wie„Freiheit”, „Fair Play”oder„Indivi- dualismus”zu schulen, wurden Methoden der medialen„Partizipation”als geeigneter, angemes- sener und„spielerischer” Weg angesehen, den Menschen diese neuen Werte beizubringen. Zu diesen Methoden zählten insbesondere partizipative Rundfunkformate (z. B. Straßeninterviews und Quizshows) und von den Militärregierungen in Auftrag gegebene Meinungsumfragen, die von Zeitungsunternehmen oder neu gegründeten Meinungsforschungsinstituten in Japan und Deutschland durchgeführt wurden.Re-educating “the Japanese” and “the Germans” after the war had ended was not merely a political or educational undertaking; it was also a cultural one. Directly influenced by the thought and therapeutic methods of rather new academic disciplines such as social psychology, psychotherapy, and anthropology, reeducation (or “reorientation”) was understood as the un- learning of (allegedly “pathological”) cultural or behavioural patterns. Besides the necessity to reform educational institutions, the mass media was assigned a pivotal role in purging these old totalitarian patterns, and instead teaching the new liberal-democratic and capitalist values. Acknowledging the paradox of training entire societies in liberalist values such as “freedom”, “fair play”, or “individualism” in times of a top-down military occupation, methods of mediated “participation” were considered an appropriate and “playful” way of training these new values. In particular, these methods included participatory broadcasting formats (e.g., street interviews and quiz shows) and opinion surveys commissioned by the military governments, conducted by newspaper companies or newly founded opinion research institutes in Japan and Germany