Comparativ (E-Journal)
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Re-Education and the Construction of Whiteness in the US Military
Get PDFDieser Artikel untersucht Prozesse der Re-education im Hinblick auf ihre Rassenregime, die in Diskursen über „Rasse“ und Rassismus im US-Militär gegen Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs und während der frühen Tage der US-amerikanischen Präsenz im Nachkriegsdeutschland zum Ausdruck kommen. Er arbeitet die Rolle des Weißseins und des weißen Privilegs, das gegenüber einem schwarzen Anderen konstruiert wird, im Zentrum der US-Militärmission in Europa (und darüber hinaus) heraus und zeigt, wie die Kriegsanstrengungen und die (Planung der) Besetzung und Re-education / Neuorientierung Deutschlands Reflexionen über rassische Ungleichheit innerhalb der US-Armee (und der US-Gesellschaft insgesamt) auslösten. Dieses Potenzial interner Reformen und selbstbewusster‚Umerziehung‘ unter dem Deckmantel des Arbeitskräf- temanagements und der Steigerung der Effizienz im Ausland, wie begrenzt auch immer sein tatsächlicher Einfluss auf die Abschwächung von Rassismus und die Infragestellung weißer Hegemonie sein mag, verweist auf die (unbeabsichtigten) Auswirkungen der Re-education im ei- genen Land noch vor den offiziellen Programmen, die sich an deutsche Zielgruppen richteten.This article examines processes of re-education with regard to their racial regimes epitomized in discourses on race and racism in the US military toward the end of World War II and during the early days of the US-American presence in post-war Germany. It teases out the role of whiteness and white privilege, which is constructed via-à-vis a black Other, at the centre of the US military mission in Europe (and beyond) and shows how the war effort and the (planning of) the occupation and re-education/reorientation of Germany prompted a reflection on racial inequality within the US Army (and US society at large). This potential of internal reform and self-conscious re-education under the guise of managing manpower and bolstering efficiency abroad, however limited in its actual influence on mitigating racism and challenging white he- gemony, bespeaks the (unintended) effects of re-education at home, even prior to the official programmes targeting the German population
Locating Women’s Political Engagement: Democracy in Early Cold War US and Japanese Women’s Magazines, 1945–1955
Get PDFHow did US capitalist democracy become a model to be ‘exported’ around the world during the Cold War, and how did this impact US society and the countries exposed to these ‘democratizing’ efforts? The article approaches this question with a focus on gender and democracy by comparing texts from US and Japanese women’s magazines published between 1945 and 1955. The post-war development of women’s rights in Japan is often examined in the context of the US occupation’s ‘democratizing’ policies, yet it was more complex than a ‘liberation’ from above and influenced by local women’s groups of various political beliefs, intellectuals, and activists. At the same time, women in the US also faced a changing society after the war. The article aims to untangle the complex set of influences and narratives informing the discourse around women and democracy, outline parallels and differences between both countries, and examine the potential transfer of ideologies and narratives across national borders
In Search of the Third Canon, or Cultural Policies of the Third Republic of Poland (1989–2020)
Get PDFCulture in Poland after 1989 was managed with two different approaches. In the last decade of the twentieth century and in the beginning of the twenty-first century cultural policy was based on the dogma of self-financing culture. The second period was initiated by the right- wing government in 2005 and is still current politics. Here, cultural policy is based on the dogma of the self-sufficiency of national values. Both concepts result from the belief that the canon is empty but with different implications. In neoliberal practice, everyone has the right to have their own canon, while each canon matters only insofar as it leads to success in life. For a right-wing party, the canon should express national, not classical, values. In the first concept, culture is doomed to rapid commodification, in the second to nationalization. In the first period, culture was granted independence on the condition that artists earn their own living and, moreover, the bond-forming role of culture was neglected. In the second period, the state provides financial support to culture, but limits funding to nationalist initiatives, hence censoring expressions of independent art. The question to be asked: is there a third canon
Robert A. Olwell / James M. Vaughn (eds.): Envisioning Empire: The New British World from 1763 to 1773, London: Bloomsbury Academic 2019, 256 pp.
Get PDFUnternehmen Mammut. Ein Kommandoeinsatz der Wehrmacht im Nordirak 1943, hrsg. von Bernd Lemke und Pherset Rosbeiani, Bremen 2018
No full textMaria Jalava / Stefan Nygård / Johan Strang: Decentering European Intellectual Space, Leiden 2018
Get PDFSven Beckert / Dominic Sachsenmaier (eds.): Global History, Globally. Research and Practice around the World, London / New York 2018
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