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Gizli krizi ortaya çıkarmak: Türkiye için 2021 yılında eksik istihdam edilen bireylerin gerçeği
No full textUnderemployment defined in this thesis as consisting of horizontal mismatch and overeducation. Horizontal mismatch occurs when there is a discrepancy between the field of education of the individual and the field of work in which that individual is employed. Overeducation, on the other hand, occurs when the level of education of the individual is higher than the level of education required by the job.
Using TURKSTAT household labor force survey, this thesis aims to analyse the causes of underemployment in Turkey during the year 2021. In order to analyse the causes of underemployment, binary logistic regression models were created for each type of underemployment.
Analysis of regression results yields that the probability of underemployment is significantly influenced by a number of factors, including gender, sector, education level and field, age, and firm size in Turkey's labour market in 2021. More precisely, for both types of underemployment, all else being constant, underemployment tends to decrease in early adulthood, followed by an increase in older age groups; vocationally-oriented education programs do not necessarily guarantee educational field and job alignment; those employed in small, medium, or large firms are considerably less likely to be underemployed compared to those employed in micro firms. The impact of other factors is contingent upon the nature of the underemployment in question.Bu tezde eksik istihdam, yatay uyumsuzluk ve aşırı eğitimden oluşacak şekilde tanımlanmıştır. Yatay uyumsuzluk, bireyin eğitim alanı ile istihdam edildiği iş alanı arasında bir uyumsuzluk olduğunda ortaya çıkar. Aşırı eğitim ise bireyin eğitim seviyesinin için gerektirdiği eğitim seviyesinden yüksek olması durumunda ortaya çıkmaktadır.
Bu tez, TÜİK hane halkı işgücü anketini kullanarak, 2021 yılında Türkiye'de eksik istihdamın nedenlerini analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Eksik istihdamın nedenlerini analiz etmek amacıyla, her bir eksik istihdam türü için ikili lojistik regresyon modelleri oluşturulmuştur.
Regresyon sonuçlarının analizi, eksik istihdam olasılığının 2021 yılında Türkiye'nin işgücü piyasasında cinsiyet, sektör, eğitim düzeyi ve alanı, yaş ve firma büyüklüğü gibi bir dizi faktörden önemli ölçüde etkilendiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Daha açık bir ifadeyle, her iki eksik istihdam türü için de, diğer her şey sabitken, eksik istihdam erken yetişkinlik döneminde azalma eğilimindedir ve bunu ileri yaş gruplarında artış izlemektedir; mesleki odaklı eğitim programları eğitim alanı ve iş uyumunu her zaman garanti etmemektedir; küçük, orta veya büyük firmalarda istihdam edilenlerin eksik istihdam edilme olasılığı mikro firmalarda istihdam edilenlere kıyasla önemli ölçüde daha düşüktür. Diğer faktörlerin etkisi, söz konusu eksik istihdamın türüne bağlıdır.M.S. - Master of Scienc
State & Geopolitical Censorship on Twitter (X): Detection & Impact Analysis of Withheld Content
No full textState and geopolitical censorship on Twitter, now X, has been turning into a routine, raising concerns about the boundaries between criminal content and freedom of speech. One such censorship practice, withholding content in a particular state has renewed attention due to Elon Musk's apparent willingness to comply with state demands. In this study, we present the first quantitative analysis of the impact of state censorship by withholding on social media using a dataset in which two prominent patterns emerged: Russian accounts censored in the EU for spreading state-sponsored narratives, and Turkish accounts blocked within Turkey for promoting militant propaganda. We find that censorship has little impact on posting frequency but significantly reduces likes and retweets by 25%, and follower growth by 90%-especially when the censored region aligns with the account's primary audience. Meanwhile, some Russian accounts continue to experience growth as their audience is outside the withholding jurisdictions. We develop a user-level binary classifier with a transformer backbone and temporal aggregation strategies, aiming to predict whether an account is likely to be withheld. Through an ablation study, we find that tweet content is the primary signal in predicting censorship, while tweet metadata and profile features contribute marginally. Our best model achieves an F1 score of 0.73 and an AUC of 0.83. This work informs debates on platform governance, free speech, and digital repression
Recent Advancements and Use Cases on Co-Creation, Procedural Content Generation, and Computational Creativity in Video Games
No full textNeden Olan Faktörler, İtici Güçler ve Etkiler: Selin Sözlüğü, medyanın Nijerya’nın İbadan kentindeki selleri nasıl ele aldığını ortaya koymaktadır.
No full textBallistic Photon Imaging by Direct Two-Photon Sensor Gating
No full textVarious nonlinear temporal gating techniques [e.g., 1], which rely on the cross-correlation between signal and gating pulses (or auto-correlation if gating the pulse with itself), effectively address the slow response times of optical sensors. These methods have facilitated significant advancements in applications such as time-resolved spectroscopy and microscopy, FROG, as well as ballistic photon imaging through scattering media
GEMİ İZ BÖLGESİ HESAPLAMALI AKIŞKANLAR DİNAMİĞİ VERİTABANI İLE BİR JET UÇAĞININ UÇUŞ SİMÜLASYONU VE MODELLEMESİ
No full textIn this thesis, the flight simulation and modeling of a jet aircraft are investigated with a CFD-generated ship airwake database. The unsteady ship airwake database for an aircraft carrier is obtained by performing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations of a generic carrier model. A jet aircraft six-degree-of-freedom simulation model is coupled with a gust dynamic interface model using the ship airwake database. Different flow conditions, such as headwind and crosswind conditions for the carrier airwake, are used in the flight simulations. In the CFD simulations, the unstructured grid is generated for the asymmetric carrier geometry with sharp edges, and the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations and Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model are used to compute flow around the carrier. By post-processing CFD results, the flow velocity field in a smaller part of the computational domain over the carrier is extracted and used for the flight simulations as a database table. The database table is integrated into the simulation model as the gust velocity input by using the aircraft's position relative to the carrier and time as inputs. F-16 is used as a nonlinear jet aircraft model in the flight simulations. The simulations are done with trimmed flight conditions such as cruise, climb, and descent into fly-by maneuver, with and without the ship airwake. The flight operations over the carrier are tested with headwind and crosswind conditions. Complex interactions are observed in the simulations, especially for the +30 degree yaw wind condition with superstructure wake effect over the deck.Bu tezde, bir jet uçağının uçuş simülasyonu ve modellemesi, HAD ile oluşturulan bir gemi hava iz bölgesi veritabanı kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Bir uçak gemisinin zamana bağlı hava iz bölgesi veritabanı, genel bir uçak gemisi modelinin Hesaplamalı Akışkanlar Dinamiği (HAD) simülasyonları yapılarak elde edilmiştir.
Altı serbestlik dereceli bir jet uçağı simülasyon modeli, gemi hava iz bölgesi veritabanı kullanılarak bir ani rüzgar dinamik arayüz modeliyle birleştirilmiştir. Uçuş simülasyonlarında, uçak gemisi hava iz bölgesi için karşı rüzgar ve yan rüzgar koşulları gibi farklı akış koşulları kullanılmıştır.
HAD simülasyonlarında, keskin kenarlara sahip asimetrik uçak gemisi geometrisi için yapısal olmayan bir çözüm ağı oluşturulmuş ve uçak gemisi etrafındaki akışı hesaplamak için Reynolds-Ortalamalı Navier-Stokes denklemleri ve Spalart-Allmaras türbülans modeli kullanılmıştır. CFD sonuçlarından ard-işlem ile uçak gemisi üzerinde hesaplama alanının daha küçük bir bölümündeki akış hız alanı çıkarılıp uçuş simülasyonları için veritabanı tablosu olarak kullanılır. Veritabanı tablosu, uçağın uçak gemisine göre konumu ve zaman girdileri kullanılarak, ani hız girdisi olarak simülasyon modeline entegre edilir. Uçuş simülasyonlarında, doğrusal olmayan bir jet uçağı modeli olarak F-16 kullanılmıştır.
Simulasyonlar, seyir, tırmanma ve pas geçme için alçalma gibi dengede uçuş koşulları altında, gemi hava iz bölgesi ile ve olmadan gerçekleştirilmiştir. Uçak gemisi üzerindeki uçuş operasyonları karşı ve yan rüzgar koşullarında test edilmiştir. Simulasyonlarda karmaşık etkileşimler gözlenmektedir, özellikle güverte üzerinde üstyapı iz bölgesi etkisi olan +30 derece yanal rüzgar koşulu için gözlenmiştir.M.S. - Master of Scienc
Charmonium content of χc1(3872) in light-cone sum rules at twist 3
No full textIn this study, we utilize light-cone QCD sum rules at twist-3 accuracy to compute the coupling parameters of the chi c1(2P) state with D and D* mesons. The analysis reveals that the observed chi c1(3872) meson incorporates significant amounts of both charmonium and molecular components. The interplay between these components highlights the exotic nature of chi c1(3872). Furthermore, implications for a possible mixing between the chi b1(2P) state and a potential BB* molecule is discussed. These findings contribute to the understanding of exotic hadron states and their intricate internal structures
Energy Dissipation Capacity of Structural Components
No full textInput energy has long been recognized as a better demand parameter for expressing the effects of ground motions on structures as compared to accelerations (forces) or displacements (deformations) induced by ground motions. Previous research has clearly revealed the weak dependence of spectral input energy on viscous damping ratio and inelastic response, which is a clear advantage for expressing the demand of ground motions on structural systems in performing analysis and design. Moreover, the duration of the earthquake excitation, hence the magnitude of the causative earthquake is well represented by the input energy spectrum, which is a function of the initial structural period and ground motion intensity only. The main missing point in energy-based approaches however is the energy dissipation capacity of structural components. A method is proposed in this study for estimating the energy dissipation capacity of structural components, particularly the plastic hinges of flexural members in structural frames. The energy dissipation capacity of a plastic hinge is expressed in terms of a capacity curve, which gives the number of equivalent full cycles at the maximum deformation (i.e. the maximum rotation or curvature) at which the cyclic energy dissipation capacity falls below a limiting performance target. The proposed procedure is tested on a full-scale reinforced concrete column, tested under both constant amplitude and variable amplitude loading protocols
THE IMAGES AND REPRESENTATIONS OF COLONIAL WOMEN IN SINGAPORE, PENANG, AND MALACCA IN THE LATE NINETEENTH-AND EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURIES
No full textStarting with the early years of the 19thcentury, Britain showed an immense interest in Southeast Asia as an outcome of imperialism. After 1867, the territory was referred to as “The Straits Settlements” at the southern tip of the Malay peninsula and became a Crown colony. The major cities were Penang, Malacca, and Singapore which functioned as pivotal hubs of economic trade and cultural exchange. By the end of the 19thcentury, when the process of globalization was gaining momentum, Southeast Asian society became integrated into the global system via Britain’s imperialist movement. To some extent, British gender norms began to be imposed on, and native women were one of the important affected groups in cultural life. However, cultural and local identities were complex in all contexts, and in line with Homi Bhabha's conceptualizations, theories like mimicry and hybridity can be employed to elucidate the contours of identities in a colonial context. According to Homi K. Bhabha, “the colonial mimicry is the desire for a reformed, recognizable Other, as a subject of a difference that is almost the same, but not quite.” In this scope, colonized people or societies aspired to be "acceptable" by their colonizers, and adopted or attempted to embrace the colonizers’ culture to gain their acceptance. In this context, analyzing these “new other” women in colonial Southeast Asia is very challenging because one may never be sure whether they experienced colonial mimicry or agreed to espouse the popular trends of the late 19thand early 20thcenturies. This paper will scrutinize the visual and written stereotype definitions related to the visibility and otherness of colonial women. The objective of this research will be to provide a more comprehensive examination of the colonial depictions of women as “other” in Southeast Asia by benefiting from a wide array of primary sources which includes photographs, illustrations, and depictions from everyday life documents
The Trajectories of the Human-Robot Conflict in Rossum’s Universal Robots: Production, Class Struggle, and Consciousness
No full textKarel Čapek’s play,Rossumovi Univerzalni Roboti(RUR), has remarkable content ranging from the foundation of utopia to the end of a dystopian world, where the invention of robots evolves into a global class struggle and finally into a destructive interspecies antagonism. The idea of robotic automation, which is at the heart of the play, is discussed by the author to the maxim of the social relations it involves, resulting in a text that can be considered both as a critical allegory of the real political relations of the era in which it was written and as a critical interpretation of the future of capitalism. To develop these dual perspectives, Čapek adopted a peculiar Marxist understanding of social conflicts as the constitutive element of RUR such as relations of production, class and status problems, and the social development of consciousness, correspond to the dialectical trajectories of the human-robot conflicts in the play. On the other hand, the difference between Čapek’s understanding of the formation and way of giving content to these categories as well as bringing social contradictions to a fictional solution largely determines the political meaning of the play in a quasi-conservative manner. This study focuses on the main forms of those conflicts in RUR and aims to reveal their underlying arguments and analyze them critically