eJournal MAPEKI (Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia)
Not a member yet
462 research outputs found
Sort by
Variation of Heartwood Proportion and Wood Colour from Fast Grown 5-Year-Old Teak
No full textThe heartwood percentage and wood colour of fast plantation grown teak destined for harvest at 5 years of age were characterized using automatic image processing ’ImageJ’ routines and CieLab’s colour system with the following coefficients: L for lightness, a* for redness and b* for yellowness. Analyses were conducted on material from different dry and wet sites. Comparison with 6-year old plantation from a dry site was conducted to study differences arising in older trees. Analyses of variation of those properties between and within different tree diameter classes were also conducted. The results showed that brightness, redness and yellowness values of 5-year old teak trees were 60.7, 10.7 and 23.1, respectively. Tree clone had a more dominant effect on wood colour and heartwood proportion than site, thus if specific colour preferences are needed of plantation trees, clone selection is important. The drier site produced larger proportions of heartwood in trees, as well as a more attractive figure. The trees produced heartwood proportions of 20% and 14% from the dry and wet sites respectively. On average, these 5 year old teak trees already produced 18% heartwood. Faster tree growth (larger diameter) appeared to have produced significantly larger heartwood proportions. Radially, the palest colour (the highest L but the lowest a*b* parameters) occurred in an area between heartwood and sapwood indicating the presence of a transition zone in all the tree samples.
Heat Deflection Temperature (HDT) Properties of Polypropylene Composite Reinforced Cellulose Microfibrils of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch and Frond
No full textPolypropylene composites reinforcing with natural fiber is potentially applied for automotive particularly on interior part design. Those kind of composites were contributed on renewable material, rapid rate biodegradation, and low cost of production compared to synthetic fiber. Furthermore, the mechanical properties including strenghtness, young modulus, and thermal stability have revealed good performance than glass fiber. Fiber which were fibrillated and have high aspect ratio that coresspond to diameter and lenght ratio of the fiber were noticed as enhancement factor for mechanical properties. Fiber fibrillation processing into microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) attempts for widening surface area of the fiber that improve polymer matrices compatibility. MFC from empty fruit bunches (EFB) and oil palm frond (FB) fibers were performed as pulp by mechanically and chemically treatments. Chemically treatment was conducted with bleach and unbleach procedure. Polypropylene with fiber was mixed using kneader, and injection for molding process. Manufacturing uses needs appropriate size presition, moderate lead time, and low defect. Heat deflection temperature (HDT) provide information for plastic material on indicating temperature condition effect to material deformation during normal loading. Material of origin, additive or filler size, and molding temperature were directly corelated to the HDT performance. Initial temperature of HDT exhibits different value for different kind of fillers and fiber treatments. PP/EFB composite by mechanical treatment gives high value of HDT compared to the fiber processing by chemical treatment both with bleach and unbleach process. Similar result have been performed in PP/FB composites related to initial temperature. PP/ EFB composite with 30% of fiber loading represent HDT in 149.4°C, and for PP/ FB composite with 30% fiber loading gives 150.7°C. By the addition of fiber loading could improve the HDT value of the composites
Determinasi Pola Susun dan Ketebalan Strip Log Core Papan Komposit
No full textWaste from plywood industry has the potential as raw material in the manufacture of environmentally friendly composite board. The purpose of this research was to develop an environmentally friendly composite board from andong (Gigantochloa pseudoarundinaceae) bamboo veneer, rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) wood veneer, and waste of veneer peeling process ie log core by determining log core strip thickness and arrangement design optimum in composite board productions. Thicknesses of log core strip were 1.2 cm, 1.8 cm, and 2.4 cm. Arrangements of log core strip were type A and type B design. Composite boards were constructed from seven layers. Polyurethane was used as adhesive in composite board productions. The research result showed that the composite board made from andong bamboo veneer with type B in design and 1.8 cm thickness of log core strip performed better quality compared to those of other composite boards. The above type of composite boards fulfill Japanese Agricultural Standard No. 1516, 2003 for structural plywood, but not fulfill China Standard GB/T 19536 2004 plywood for container flooring. Based on result, the composite board was suitable for structural purposes such as door panels, and wall insulatio
Phenol Contents and Antioxidant Activity of Sonokeling (Dalbergia latifolia Roxb) Wood
No full textDalbergia latifolia or sonokeling is a native species of Java, Indonesia, used as an important wood for furniture and building materials, due to the high of durability and beautiful color. This study, therefore, aim to investigate the phenol composition, represented by total phenolic, flavonoid, and flavanol content, as well as antioxidant activity, conducted by DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method on Dalbergia latifolia wood. The sample was extracted using ethanol-toluene solvent in a Soxhlet apparatus, and subsequently subjected to column chromatography. This treatment yielded 12 fractions, which were then evaluated for phenol contents and antioxidant activity. The results showed a high antioxidant activity and total phenolic content in Fr.1- Fr.3, while latifolin was detected and characterized by GC-MS and a literature comparison. Therefore, it was established that the antioxidant activity of D. latifolia wood extractives properly correlated with the total phenolic, but not with the total flavonoid and flavanol contents
The Effect of Traditional Fumigation on Physical, Mechanical and Anatomical Properties of Wooden Handicraft in West Kalimantan
No full textWest Kalimantan wooden craft is internationally well known and its export is increasing. Currently, high durability and attractive color of wood material such as belian (Eusideroxylon zwageri Teysm & Binnend) is rarely available, then alternatively mangium (Acacia mangium Willd.) and laban wood (Vitex pubescens Vahl.) are used for handicraft. Fumigation is one possible way to improve wood service life and color shades. This paper determines the impact of traditional fumigation on wood raw material on physical, mechanical and anatomical properties. The timber fumigation technique was conducted for one week, with curing time from early morning until late afternoon. After treatment, the physical, mechanical and anatomical properties of wood were evaluated. The different of color before and after treatment was measured by image processing scanner Canon P 145. Physical and mechanical properties refer to the British standard method. Result shows that fumigation improves the quality of wood, especially on color of wood. The wood became dark and more shining. It’s good for the handicraft materials. The quality of wood on moisture content value, both on mangium and laban wood was increased with average 30-50%. The average value of wood density of mangium wood after treatment with fumigation was 0.52, meanwhile laban wood was 0.55. The average value of radial shrinkage of mangium wood after fumigation treatment was 3.96% and tangential shrinkage was 6.34%. The average value of radial shrinkage of laban wood after fumigation was 6.43% and tangential shrinkage was 6.08%. The average value of hardness of mangium wood after fumigation treatment was 470.13 kg/cm2 and laban wood was 625.46 kg/cm2. The Fumigated wood color was darker and more attractive for decorative and craft products than non-fumigated wood. In general, this method could be used to preserve wood and to increase the physical performance of wood as raw material for handicraft
Strategi Pengembangan Usaha pada Industri Kayu Gergajian Melalui Pendekatan SWOT dan IFAS-EFAS Analysis (Business Development Strategy in Sawn Timber Industry Through the SWOT Approach and IFAS-EFAS Analysis)
No full textSawn timber industry is one of the growing timber industries in Indonesia; however, this industry is faced with several problems, including lack of raw materials, product quality, in-efficiency and similar industry competition. The purpose of this study was to determine the quadrant position in the SWOT diagram of sawmill lumber industry and determine the most appropriate strategy in accordance with the position of the quadrant on the SWOT diagram. In-depth interviews method was select to measure strengths; weaknesses, opportunity and threat included senior manager operational and employees of the PT. Madani Cahaya utama. Data were analyzed using SWOT in which the scores of internal factor (Internal Factor Analysis Summary-IFAS) and external factor (External Factor Analysis Summary-EFAS) were calculated. The results showed that score of internal factor and external factor were greater than 2. Hence, the position of SWOT for the small sawmill was located in quadrant 1, suggesting that a company has strength to take an advantage of the existing opportunities
Karakteristik Lignin Empat Jenis Bambu (Lignin Characteristic of Four Bamboo Species)
No full textLignin is one of the major component of bamboo, together with cellulose and hemicellulose, which may differ comparing to wood lignin. Lignin characteristics of four bamboos species, i.e. betung (Dendrocalamus asper), ampel (Bambusa vulgaris), andong (Gigantochloa nigrociliata), and tali (Gigantochloa apus) were investigated. As lignin characteristics; lignin content and proportion of lignin monomer were investigated by Klason method, UV spectrophotometry, and Pyrolysis Gas-Chromatography analysis, respectively. Lignin content of bamboos varies depending on species and position of sample. Bamboo lignin was categorized into syringyl-guaiacil-p-hydroxyohenil (S-G-H) lignin. There was high correlation between proportion of syringyl unit with acid-soluble lignin obtained during Klason lignin procedure
Hydrogen Peroxide and Ferrous Sulphate Activated Wood Particles for Binderless Particleboard
No full textA series of study have been conducted to analyze the effect of pretreatments and particle sizes on physical and mechanical properties of binderless particleboard (BP). The BP made of particles from sengon wood (Paraseranthes falcataria L Nielsen) and pine wood (Pinus merkusii Jungh et. de. Vriese) which passed through 10 mesh sieve, were used to analyze the effect of particle pretreatments. The pretreatments were: immersion in boiling water for 30 minutes; the immersion in boiling water followed by oxidation using hydrogen peroxide and ferrous sulphate; and oxidation using hydrogen peroxide and ferrous sulphate without immersion in boiling water. The results showed that the best phisycal and mechanical properties was found in board made from sengon wood particle with oxidation using hydrogen peroxide without immersion in boiling water; It had the internal bond (IB) of 6.95 kgf cm-2 and the thickness swelling (TS) of 5.74%. In the next step, the sengon wood with several particles sizes namely; passed through 20 mesh, 10 mesh, 5 mesh, 2.5 mesh, and shaving were used to produced BP. The results indicated that the MOR decreases when the particle size increases, while the IB, MOE, and TS were relatively similar for all particle sizes
Chemical Compounds, Physicochemical Properties, and Antioxidant Activity of A. cardamomum Leaves and Rhizomes Oils on Different Distillation Time
No full textAmomum cardamomum is a local cardamom that grows widely and recently developed as and agroforestry crops in Indonesia. Its seeds, leaves and rhizomes are sources of essential oil. Essential oils from cardamom have many benefits for health and flavouring agent. The objectives of this study were to elucidate the yield, chemical composisition, physico-chemical properties, and antioxidant activities of leaves and rhizomes oils of cardamom were distillated using water-steam distillation for 4, 6, and 8 hours. The chemical composition were analyzed by GC-MS, physicochemical properties were analyzed used ISO standard and antioxidant activity were analyzed by DPPH method. The results showed that A. cardamomun oils yield between 0.06-0.33%. The main compound in the oils is 1,8-cineole with the highest percentage was obtained from cardamom rhizomes oil was distillated for 6 hours (60.63%). The results of each sample almost have the same quality with specific gravity between 0.899 – 0.909; refractive index between 1.476-1.478; optical rotation between (+)2.05⁰-(+)2.38⁰; miscibility in 70% alcohol between 1:7-1:9; and acid number between 0.49-0.69. The leaves and rhizomes oils of A. cardamomum showed potent antioxidant activity with the highest antioxidant were obtained from cardamom rhizomes oil were distillated for 8 hours with IC50: 0.039 g/ml
Effects of Mixing Ratio of Heavily Beaten Pinus merkusii Pulp on Physical Properties of Kraft Acacia nilotica Pulp Sheets
No full textPaper industries commonly produce pulp sourced from a mixture of pulps, rather than from a single pulp, to obtain desired properties. In addition, the beating process is an essential step with respect to physical properties of pulp. Kraft pine (Pinus merkusii/PM) pulps were beaten to different degrees, i.e 200~300 CSF (heavy-beating) and 300~400 CSF (moderatebeating), paper sheets then were formed from each beaten sample. It was found that the strength properties of prepared paper sheets decreased the longer they were beaten, particularly as seen by the tear index and fold number. By microscopic investigation, it was found that cut or shortened fibers occurred very frequently in the pine pulps. Furthermore, the effects of heavily beaten pine pulp additions on handsheet properties of kraft pulps of Acacia nilotica (AN) were investigated. Four different mixing ratios by weight of AN/PM from 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, and 70:30 during beating, as well as four different kappa numbers of AN pulps (32.5, 34.0, 34.2, and 35.9) were applied. In general, the decrease in strength properties (3~25%) that occurred with increasing pine pulp ratio was more evident between pulp without pine and a 30% ratio of pine pulps. Fold number was reduced considerably (2.8~24.7%) by the blend composition but less pronounced in tear index (3.0~8.9%) from the initial values. However, the 10% or 20% ratio of PM pulps could increase opacity, brightness, and strength properties in some cases. No clear trend was found with increasing kappa number