eJournal MAPEKI (Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia)
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Mycelia Growth of Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) on 4-Wood Species from Leguminaceae Family
No full textCultivation of Shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) in Indonesia has not been developed yet, due to its low productivity. It happens because of the limited information of the good ways on cultivation Shiitake in Indonesia. One of the factors that affect the growth of mushroom is the media. In Indonesia, the information about the media composition by using various species of wood have not been found yet. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the effect of using different wood species to the growth of Shiitake. This study used four wood species from the leguminaceae family, those were: Gamal (Glicidia sepium); Johar (Samanea saman); Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala); and Sengon (Falcataria moluccana). Those were used as the media by adding 12.5% (w/w) of rice bran and 6% (w/w) of CaCO3, and adjusting the moisture content by adding the distillate water to 65, 70, and 75%. Then, the media was put in to the petridisk (ø 90 mm) and inoculated with Shiitake mushroom. During the mycelia growth, the length of mycelia was measured every 2 days until fifty days, and then glucosamine content was analyzed. In addition, chemical analysis was also conducted to each media. The results showed that different wood species resulted different chemical content of media, except the acid soluble lignin content. The growth rate of mycelia was affected by the moisture content of media, meanwhile the glucosamin content is influenced by the moisture content and various species of wood. The best combination to cultivate the Shiitake mushroom was by using media made of gamal with 70% moisture content. There were positive correlation among the ethanol-toluen extracts content and the mycelia growth, however there was negative correlation among the hemicelullose content the mycelia growth
Extractives Contributing to the Color of Swietenia macrophylla King Bark
No full textThe bark of Swietenia machrophylla is colored dark red, and it is correlated with the extractives constituents such as phenolic compounds. This study, therefore, aims to investigate extractives from the inner and outer bark of S. machrophylla and their effects to color properties. The results showed that the extractive content in the inner bark was higher than the outer except for hot water solubles. In addition, the polyphenols and sugar levels from inner to outer bark were increased, except in the soluble-sugar of hot water extractive. The highest correlation between the absorbance of methanol, hot water-soluble extracts, and total polyphenols were observed using the visual spectrophotometer. The extractives that contributed to the bark's color were indicated from flavonoids with a precursor such as monophenol of catechol and resorcinol
Some Importance Properties of Bamboo-Wood Strand Board
No full textBamboo has gained increasing attention as an alternative raw material for use in the manufacture of composite boards. Three layered boards were made from bamboo strand and wood particle to evaluate the effects of resin content and layer structure on the properties of bamboo-wood strand board. Bamboo strand was used as face/back layers, and wood particle was used as core layer. The boards were fabricated using urea formaldehyde resin with three dosage levels ranging from 3 to 9 percent for bamboo strand and 6 percent resin content for wood particle. The mechanical properties and dimensional stability of bamboo-wood strand board were evaluated, and the results were summarized as follows. The bending properties, internal bond (IB) strength and dimensional stability of the board increased with increasing of resin content. Using bamboo strand as face/back layered, slightly increase bending properties of bamboo-wood strand board. However, the modulus constant and IB strengths after boiling test could not be observed. It indicates that urea formaldehyde was not suitable for bamboo-wood strand board
Antimicrobial and Gtase Inhibitory Activity of Crude Methanol Extracts of Plants from Java and Kalimantan
No full textSome methanol extracts from Java and Kalimantan plants species were evaluated for in vitro anti-streptococcus sobrinus and Glucosyltransferase (GTase) inhibitory activity. The extracts were screened for anti-S. sobrinus and its related enzyme activity by broth dilution method. IC50 and GTase were determined wherever activity was notice. The results revealed that the amount of phenolic and flavonoid compound varies from different plant species and the type of plant material (woody or herb). Out of 24 plant species, 9 species from methanol extracts showed good antibacterial activity in a range at 10 µg ml-1≤ IC50 ≤ 100 µg ml-1. The Intsia palembanica extract is the most antimicrobial. However, only 4 plants could exhibit GTase activity in a range at 18 µg m1-1 ≤ IC50 ≤50 µg ml-1. The most active extract is Psidium guajava (15.33 µg ml-1). The result of the present study suggests that some Indonesian plant can prevent dental caries and periodontal diseases, since it demonstrated antimicrobial and GTase inhibitory activity against S. sobrinus
Ethnopharmacological Study on Traditional Knowledge of Medicinal Plant Used from Secondary Forest in Community at Sekabuk Village, Mempawah District, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
No full textStudy for local knowledge about ethnopharmacology especially medicinal plants used by the community is still limited. West Kalimantan possess a tropical rain forest with megabiodiversity. One of the areas where Malay and Dayak people use medicinal plants from the forest is Sekabuk village, Sadaniang Subdistrict, Mempawah District of West Kalimantan, Indonesia. This research has two objectives: first, to summarize the local knowledge of medicinal plants in the Sekabuk village, and second to identify the the mechanisms of shared on knowledge on used the medicinal plants on each ethnic. The research was conducted by in-depth interview and survey for 45 days in the village. The research programme consisted of interviews, plant observations, and a collection of medicinal plants from five different subdistricts sites i.e. Gelombang, Malangga, Pak Nungkat, Sekabuk, and Titi Dahan. The whole plants, part(s) used, and remedy formulations were elicited from healers and voucher specimens were collected for identification and stored at Forestry Faculty, Tanjungpura University. The results showed that there are 66 plants used for medicine. The family of plants consisted of Zingiberaceae, Lamiaceae abd Mrytaceae. The leaves were most frequently used (108), followed by roots (47), whole plant (21), top (6), stems and fruits (5), and sap (1). The methods for preparation and administration and the awareness of medicinal plants are different by ethnic groups and the living environments. The difference between the genders did not significant in terms of knowledge about medicinal plants. Meanwhile, A retention of traditional knowledge of medicinal plants was significant in rural of West Kalimantan. The plants used as medicine were clearly different by ethnic groups, Malay and Dayak. The living environments also affect the difference of used plants on basis of plants accesibility
Fiber Saturation Point of Several Indonesian Lesser Known Species
No full textFiber saturation point (FSP) of several Indonesian commercial wood species was studied comprehensively. Five wood species namely sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria), gmelina (Gmelina arborea), nangka (Arthocarpus heterophyllus), manii (Maesopsis eminii), and mangium (Acacia mangium) from plantation areas closed to Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) campus were used as the sample. From each species, one normal tree was selected then cut, and one hundred and twenty small healthy blocks of (1 x 1 x 0.5) cm3were extracted randomly and utilized for specific gravity (SG) and wood shrinkage -green to air dry and to oven dry conditions- measurement. FSP was then measured as a ratio of total volumetric shrinkage and the SG. It was showed that FSP was affected by species namely extractive content. In all species studied, average value of FSP was below 30%. FSP of sengon, gmelina, nangka, manii, and mangium in average was 26.41%, 16.92%, 14.49%, 22.31%, and 23.94%, respectively
Ketahanan Oriented Strand Board Bambu Betung dengan Perlakuan Steam pada Strand terhadap Cuaca (Durability of Oriented Strand Board Prepared from Steam -treated Betung Bamboo to Natural Weathering)
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi ketahanan oriented strand board (OSB) dari bambu betung (Dendrocalamus asper) (BOSB) dengan perlakuan steam pada strand terhadap cuaca. Strand diberi perlakuan steam pada suhu 126 ºC di bawah tekanan 0,14 MPa selama 1 jam. Tiga lapis BOSB dibuat dengan kerapatan target 0,7 g cm-3 yang direkat dengan perekat fenol formaldehida (PF) dengan konsentrasi 8%. Parafin ditambahkan sebanyak 1% dari berat kering oven strand. Bamboo oriented strand board dipaparkan pada cuaca terbuka di Dramaga, Kabupaten Bogor Jawa Barat (6°34’15.72’’Selatan 106°44’17.30’’Timur). Evaluasi sifat fisis dan mekanis BOSB sebelum dan sesudah dipaparkan di udara selama 2 dan 3 bulan dilakukan berdasarkan standar JIS A 5908:2003. Penentuan nilai nisbah retensi MOE dan MOR dilakukan dengan membandingkan nilai MOE dan MOR sebelum dan sesudah pemaparan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan steam pada strand dapat meningkatkan stabilitas dimensi dan sifat mekanis BOSB. Pemaparan BOSB pada cuaca terbuka dapat menurunkan stabilitas dimensi dan kekuatan BOSB. Ketahanan BOSB dengan perlakuan steam pada strand terhadap pemaparan alami lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan tanpa perlakuan steam
Perubahan Kadar Komponen Kimia Bambu Kuning akibat Modifikasi Steam dan Pembilasan (Change of Chemical Component Content in Kuning Bamboo due to Steam and Rinsing Modification)
No full textBamboo is a forest product that has potential as substitution of wood for the raw material of any products of forest products processing. Oriented Strand Board (OSB) made from bamboo is more superior compared to the wood one in physical and mechanical properties. Steam and rinsing treatments can improve the OSB properties that occur due to changes in the chemical components of bamboo, but research on the effect of the treatment has not been done for kuning bamboo. The objective of this reseach were to identify the changes of chemical components content in kuning bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris var. striata.) due to steam, steam with distillation water rinsing and steam with 1% NaOH rinsing treatments. The chemical component of bamboo was analyzed according to Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI) standards. The results showed that alpha-cellulose and lignin contents were relatively stable. In addition, hollocellulose, hemicellulose and extractives decreased, while the pH value was increased by treatments. The decreased of hemicellulose and extractive substances, as well as increased pH values can improve the quality of OSB produced
Characteristics of Sugarcane Bagasse Fiber (Saccharum officinale) Reinforced Polypropylene Composites
No full textThis research investigates utilization of bagasse to make biocomposite with thermoplastic polypropylene by adding maleated acid anhydride (MAPP) as a compatibilizer and several fiber treatments. The blending was performed on Laboplastomil mixer, and sample was prepared by hot press. The effects of fiber loading (20, 30, 40 and 50% by weight), washing with 2% detergent, 5% alkali treatment and MAPP percentage (1, 3, 5, and 7.5% by weight), on the mechanical and physical properties were evaluated. The effect of elevated temperature on biocomposite was revealed by using thermogravimetric analysis under inert condition. Good compatibility and stress transfer was performed on 40% bagasse with alkali treatment by adding 5% MAPP; and the results on mechanical properties was better than detergent treatment. It showed that the mechanical properties for flexural strength, flexural modulus, tensile strength and tensile modulus increase by about 56.64%, 151.78%, 0.07% and 133.33%, respectively than pure matrix. Maleated acid treatment also shows the tendency to decrease water absorption. Alkali treatment also revealed to increase the thermal stability of composite, while the presence of MAPP decreased the thermal stability of composite. But it does not affect when processing is conducted below 225°C
Aktivitas Anti Jamur Ekstrak Kulit Kayu Laban (Vitex pubescens Vahl) (Antifungal Activity of Laban (Vitex pubescens) Bark Extracts)
No full textThe most of antifungi used in preservatives for wood, food, fungicides, dyestuff, etc. come from synthetical substances, that poisoned not only for fungi but also for environment. In recent, antifungi have been taken from plants. Laban (Vitex pubescens Vahl) is one of high quality wood has been used in Kalimantan (Borneo). Isolation of active compounds will provide scientific validation for the use of laban in another purposes. The object of this research was to evaluate the antifungi activity of bark extract of Laban wood. Extractives solubility of laban bark in methanol was 6.03%. Soluble fractions in n-hexane, diethyl ether, and ethyl acetate yielded 0.27%, 0.39%, and 0.47% respectively. Fractions of n- hexane and diethyl ether contained steroid, flavonoid and carbohydrates. While, ethyl acetate fraction contained triterpeoids, flavonoids, and carbohydrates. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) test of laban bark extracts showed the active compounds of aldehide, keton, and flavonoids. The n-hexane-, diethyl ether-, and ethyl acetate extracts showed the significant anti fungal activities by air-borne method. Antifungal activity of o- hexane extract against Candida albicans was detected by a bioautography assay on TLC plate. The results showed that bark of laban possess potential antifungal activity to be developed as natural antifungal substances