eJournal MAPEKI (Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia)
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Effect of Distillation Tank Density and Storage Time on the Quality and Chemical Composition of Cajuput Oil
No full textCajuput oil is a commodity of non-timber forest product which is needed and potential to be developed in Indonesia. Therefore, further research on the factors of production and post-production are needed to produce optimum quality. In this study, the leaves of cajuput (Melaleuca cajuputi Powell) were distillated by water-steam distillation. This study evaluated effects of distillation tank density (60%, 70%, and 80%) and oil storage time (0 month, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months) on physicochemical properties and chemical compositions of cajuput oils. The results showed that cajuput oils had a specific gravity of 0.915~0.923; optical rotation of (-2,10°) ~ (-1,20°); refractive index of 1.463~1.464; solubility in alcohol 1 : 1; cineole contents of 61.18~76.24%; clear to yellowish clear color; distinctive smell of cajuput and in accordance with SNI 06-3954- 2006. The GC-MS analysis identified 24 of chemical components on the cajuput oils with main components were 1,8-cineole, α-pinene, and β-caryophylene. Tank density 70% to 80% with the oil storage time up to 3 months still gives the optimum quality and chemical compositions
Sifat Mekanis Bahan Kayu pada Rumah Tradisional Batak Karo (Mechanical Properties of Timber Materials on Batak Karo Traditional House)
No full textBatak Karo Traditional House in North Sumatra, known as Siwaluh Jabu used pengki (Ulmus lanceifolia), ingul (Toona sureni), haudolok (Syzygium sp.), and simartolu (Schima sp.) woods. Evaluation mechanical properties of wood with compression, three-point bending, four point bending, and four point shear test was performed to determine the compressive strength, MOR, shear strength, MOE, and shear modulus (G). To determine the differences of mechanical properties between Batak Karo and Java wood, teakwood (Tectona grandis) and Jackfruit wood (Artocarpus heterophyllus) are selected as a control specimen. The value of MOE and yield stress have strong relationship with density. The higher the density resulted in the higher MOE and yield stress. MOE, MOR, and G in the bending test have not strong relationship with density. The value of MOR and G, teakwood from Java has similar mechanical properties to pengki wood, while nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus) wood has similar mechanical properties to haudolok wood. Shear strength has a weak relationship with the density. In terms of shear strength, teak wood has similar mechanical properties to pengki wood, while nangka wood has similar mechanical properties to haudolok wood
Pore Size Distribution and Microstructure of Oil Palm Shell Heat Treated at 300 C Followed by Slow or Fast Heating Treatment
No full textPore size distribution and microstructure development of oil palm shell heat treated at 300ºC and treated at 300ºC and recarbonization at 600ºC followed by slow- or fast heating treatment up to 700ºC were investigated by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), N2 gas adsorption and Raman spectroscopy. On oil palm shell heat-treated at 300ºC, slow heating treatment gave the widening micropore along with the ordering microstructure; but fast heating treatment produced charcoal with a narrow diameter of micropore with wider pore size distribution and the disordering microstructure. On oil palm shell heat treated at 300ºC and recarbonization at 600ºC, slow heating treatment contributed on the opening new micropore with ordering microstructure, but some parts of micropore showing inaccessible for N2 gas. Meanwhile, fast heating treatment with the heating rate from 75 to 250ºC/min increased BET surface area with similar pore size distribution and the disordering microstructure
Effects of Wood Modification Using Natural Resin on Wood Quality and Bonding Properties
No full textThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gum rosin impregnation upon a low quality young teak wood in order to enhance its quality. The main objective of the treatment was to enhance the dimensional stability, as well as strength and to reduce the hygroscopicity. A 15-years old thinned teak wood (Tectona grandis L.f.) and gum rosin from Pinus merkusii Jungh. et de Vries were used for wood modification treatment by impregnation. Three kinds of non-polar solvents, i.e. turpentine oil, petroleum oil and n-hexane-, were used to make gum rosin solution. The results indicated that gum rosin impregnation did not markedly enhance the quality of young teak wood in terms of either dimensional stability or hygroscopicity; however, a little enhancement was delivered by using 15% gum rosin solution with n-hexane as the solvent. The treatment with petroleum oil solvent (at concentration of 7.5%) and at 15% concentration with n-hexane solvent resulted in highest bending properties. The highest bonding strength in dry condition was resulted by treatment with turpentine oil solvent
Bentuk Ligulate Extension Beberapa Jenis Kayu
No full textThe key difference between hardwood and softwood is lies on the presence of the vessel element on the hardwood and its absence on the softwood. Many researches have been done especially focused on vessel’s shape, volume, forms as well as on pit of vessel. However, few of those research focused on the vessel’s ligulate extensions. This research was study the shape of ligulate extensions on acacia, teak, gmelina, and sungkai woods to examine samples from maceration. The results revealed that ligulate extension shapes were diverse within one wood species. Furthermore, wood samples that coming from same part are still varied in its ligulate extension. Therefore, shapes of ligulate extension are unrecommended as a mean of wood identification. It is presume the variation of ligulate extension is highly related to the vessel functions as a food transporter, mechanical function as well as the presence of earlywood and latewood
Curing Behavior of Resorcinol Formaldehyde Resin Adhesives in Mangium and Pine Woods Bonding System under Various Curing Times
No full textEffects of room-temperature curing time on the curing behavior of resorcinol formaldehyde (RF) resin adhesives by using thermo mechanical analysis spring method in relation to the mangium (Acacia mangium) and pine (Pinus merkusii) woods bonding system were examined. Total amount of liquid resin adhesives that inserted into the small wire spring was 10 mg for each curing time parameters. Results showed that the curves of modulus of elasticity (E’) from resin adhesives that cured for 1 month, 2 months and 3 months was almost flat from room temperature to 200°C. By far E’ curve of resin adhesives that cured for 3 months did not changed and adhesive predicted had cured completely. Results further showed that in A. mangium and P. merkusii bonding system all laminates bonded with RF in room temperature at least 1 month curing time is required to meet high bond strength with minimally 60 percent wood failure as one of requirements of good bonding performance classification
Keawetan dan Stabilitas Dimensi Papan Partikel Hibrida Bambu-Kayu dengan Perlakuan Steam dan Perendaman Panas (Durability and Dimensional Stability of Hybrid Particleboard of Bamboo-Wood with Steam and Hot Water Immersion Treatment)
No full textDevelopment of bamboo as an alternative material for particleboard production has been increasing due to its fast growth, high productivity, high strength property, and light weight. The aims of this study were to determine the effects of particle pre-treatment on the durability and dimensional stability of particleboard. Particles were made from betung (Dendrocalamus asper)/B, jabon (Anthocepallus cadamba)/J, and sengon (Falcataria moluccana)/S pretreated by steam and hot water immersion. Five combinations of particleboard consisted of three homogenous boards (B-B-B, J-J-J, S-S-S) and two hybrid-particleboards (J-B-J, S-B-S) were manufactured using urea formaldehyde of 10% resin level and target density of 0.6 g cm-3. Durability of particleboards was evaluated by grave-yard test and the dimensional stability of particeboards was determined by measuring thickness swelling during a wet-dry cyclic test. The results showed that pre-treatment on particles significantly improved the durability and dimensional stability of the boards, showing lower weight loss and thickness swelling than control boards. Homogenous wood particleboards (J-J-J and S-S-S boards) showed higher weight loss and thickness swelling than bamboo particleboard (B-B-B), combining wood and bamboo particles into hybrid-particleboards (J-B-J and S-B-S boards) has improved the durability and dimensional stability of the boards
Modifikasi Faktor Konversi Format dan Faktor Normalisasi Reliabilitas dalam Standar ASTM D 5457 untuk Penyempurnaan Standar SNI 7973:2013 (Modification of Format Conversion Factor and Reliability Normalization Factor in the ASTM D 5457 Standard Applicable for SNI 7973:2013 Standard)
Get PDFThe Indonesian SNI 7973:2013 standard for wood design specification was an adopted standard from the USA national design specification (NDS) 2012. However, due to the climate differences between USA and Indonesia, the SNI 7973:2013 standard should be further modified in order to meet the climate condition in Indonesia. Format conversion factor (KF) and reliability normalization factor (KR) specified in the ASTM D 5457 standard contained the snow load for the duration of load factor. Therefore, the objectives of this study were (1) to replace snow load with occupancy live load to revise KF, (2) to use the revised KF and safety factors for softwood and hardwood to perform the reliability analysis on calculated resistance factors (fc), (3) calculate the new KR values using the revised fc. The result of FORM reliability analysis showed that there were, on the average, 15 and 26% increases of the calculated KR values, respectively, for softwood and hardwood, over the calculated KR values according to the ASTM D 5457 standard for each given coefficient of variation of material resistance distribution
Wood Anatomical Features and Physical Properties of Fast Growing Red Meranti from Line Planting at Natural Forest of Central Kalimantan
No full textHigh productivity fast growing species plantation establishment such as the line planting of red meranti (i.e Shorealeprosula and Shorea parvifolia) with intensive silviculture is one potential solution to improve wood supply for industries in Indonesia. However, the information of anatomical properties and wood properties of these two species related to the influence of the line planting system and tree growth rate is limited. This paper studies the anatomical features, wood cell proportions, fiber dimensions and physical properties of wood in radial variation in relation to the line planting effect and tree growth rate. Wood of the trees grown in the line planting system showed higher proportion of vessel element compared to those of wood from natural forest. The vessel diameter of wood from the line planting was also larger than that of in wood from natural forest. The specific gravity of wood from Shorea parvifolia grown on the line planting was higher than that of wood grown in natural forest. The variation of specific gravity on wood portion near to the pith of Shorea leprosula and Shorea parvifolia trees grown on the line planting was related to the variation of the cell wall thickness. The bigger diameter of trees grown or the faster growth rate in the line of planting at the same age shows the greater vessel diameter in wood of Shorea leprosula and Shorea parvifolia and greater specific gravity of Shorea parvifolia wood
Machining Operations on Messassa Wood
No full textThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of machining operations on the surface quality of the messassa wood (Brachystegia spiciformis and Julbernadia globiflora) for use in the furniture industry. The wood cames from Mozambican Miombo Woodland. The following machining operations were performed: planing, shaping, milling, tearing and boring based on technical standard. The wood had a surface quality approval rating above 70% in all tested machining operations. A perfect surface quality was obtained with a feed speed of 6 m.min-1 in planing. Brachystegia spiciformis had easy workability and extremely well performance compared to Julbernadia globiflora. Nevertheless, both wood species have great potential for use in higher value-added products such as furniture and frame production