eJournal MAPEKI (Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia)
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Fuelwood Characteristics of Five Species Grown in Merauke Forest
No full textPapua has a large area of production forests, such as in Merauke. These forests provide great benefits for the pulp and wooden industries, which generate a large amount of biomass waste. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the proximate analysis, specific gravity, calorific value, and Fuelwood Value Index (FVI) of wood and bark of five species, namely Acacia mangium Willd, Acacia crassicarpa A. Cunn, Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell, Melaleuca viridiflora Sol. Ex Gaertn, and Lophostemon suaveolens Sol. Ex Gaertn. The calorific value ranged from 4,066 to 5,435 cal/g, while the FVI values ranged from 4.04 to 76.41. The highest calorific value was observed in the bark of Melaleuca viridiflora, while the highest fuelwood value index was observed in Eucalyptus pellita wood. Furthermore, the calorific value of wood was higher compared to the bark in all species. There was no significant correlation between specific gravity, calorific or FVI value. It is noticed that a strong correlation (r = -0.92*) was observed between the calorific value and volatile matter in the bark. Based on the proximate analysis results, only the moisture content level was significantly correlated with the calorific value of wood or bark
Sifat Fisis dan Mekanis Oriented Strand Board Hibrida Bambu Pada Berbagai Shelling Ratio (Physical and Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Bamboo Oriented Strand Board at Various Shelling Ratios)
No full textHybrid Bamboo Oriented Strand Boards (OSB) were produced to improve bamboo OSB's physical and mechanical properties. Shelling ratio adjustment of the strand type combination could determine the optimal physical and mechanical properties of hybrid bamboo oriented strand boards (OSB). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of hybrid betung and andong bamboos OSB at various shelling ratios. Steam modified strands of betung and andong bamboo were used as an outer layer and core layer, respectively. Hybrid bamboo OSBs were prepared with 0.7 g cm-3 target density and 8% phenol-formaldehyde resin content. Three layers of OSB were made with outer: core shelling ratios of 30:70, 40:60, 50:50, and 60:40. The physical and mechanical properties of the OSB were tested referring to the JIS A 5908-2003 standard. The targeted board density was achieved and the physical properties of all hybrid bamboo OSB have met the requirement of CSA O437.0 (Grade O-1) standard criteria. The parallel modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) increased with increasing outer layer ratio. However, the perpendicular MOE and MOR decreased with increasing outer layer ratio. The internal bonding (IB) of the OSB with a shelling ratio of 30:70 and 40:60 met with the requirement of the CSA O437.0 (Grade O-1) standard
Chemical Properties of 15-year-old Teak (Tectona grandis L.f) from Different Seed Sources
No full textFifteen year-old teak wood samples planted in Ciamis FMU (Perhutani Enterprise) were evaluated for their chemical properties. Three seed sources such as conventional seed, clone, and superior wood and radial positions namely sapwood, outer heartwood, and inner heartwood were the observed factors. The specimens were taken from the bottom parts of their sources. Completely randomized design was used. Cell wall components were analyzed by various gravimetric methods.Analysis of variance and Duncan’s test were performed for data analysis. The results showed that no significant difference in the quantity of cell wall components (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin), extractives (ethanol-toluene and hot-water solubles), ash, and silica content among the seed sources. Superior teakwood or Jati Plus Perhutani, which has the highest growth rate (2.1~3.6 cm/year) among others, showed a comparative higher average pH values (7.08~7.38) and solubility in 1% NaOH (17.22~17.83%) than other sources. Radial factors significantly affected ethanol-toluene extractive and lignin content. The ethanol-toluene extractive had the highest content (9.30~11.54%) at the outer part of heartwood while lignin content was the lowest (28.12~30.10%) in the inner part. The result indicated some good characteristics of young teak trees compared to the mature ones in relation to wood processing
Profil Suhu dan Kadar Air Kayu dalam Pengeringan Oven Pemanas dan Gelombang Mikro (Temperature and Moisture Content Profiles of Woods in Heating and Microwave Ovens Drying)
No full textThis research aimed to evaluate the profile of temperature and moisture content in Pinus oocarpa wood being dried with heating oven and microwave oven. The size of samples were (25x70x120) mm3. The temperature profiles in heating oven and microwave oven drying were taken every 10 minutes and 0.5 minutes, respectively. The moisture profiles in heating oven and microwave oven drying were made in every 24 hours and 10 minutes, respectively. The heating oven was set at 60 °C, while microwave oven was set for 2 minutes intermittently with 5 minutes break. In microwave drying, the temperature inside the boards increased faster and higher compared to that in the heating oven, which resulted in a faster moisture movement to the board’s surface. The drying rate of pine increased 48-72 times in microwave compared to that in heating oven. The moisture content in the centre of boards being dried in heating oven was much higher than that of in the outer parts. On the other hand, the moisture profile in the woods being dried in microwave oven distributed more evenly
Improving Fire Resistance of Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) Wood Impregnated with Mixture of Borax and Boric Acid
No full textThe study was aimed to investigate the effects of mixture of borax and boric acid concentration and different level of pressure on absorption, retention quantity, and fire resistance properties of mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla). A total of 50 samples of 9 x 19 x 1016 mm (ASTM E 69-02) were taken from mahoganylumber and then air-dried. A total of 45 samples were impregnated with aqueous solutions of borax and boric acid in three different concentrations (5, 7, and 9 %) and at three different pressure levels (5, 7.5, and 10 atm) for 2 hours pressure time, while5 samples were liftedas control. Dried impregnated samples and untreated samples were feeding in flame with lid combustion method refers to ASTM E 69-02. Interestingly, the results showed that borax and boric acid effectively improved the fire resistanceproperties(mass losses, ignition temperature, maximum temperature, and smoke and smolder production)of mahogany wood.Mixtures of borax and boric acid at a concentration level of 9% and pressure of 10 atm arerecommended to obtain the best results compare to the other interactions on combustion properties
Reduction in Toxicity of Tectoquinone against Reticulitermes speratus Kolbe termites
No full textThe cause of low toxicity against Reticulitermes speratusKolbe termite species of teakwood under natural condition was investigated. Anti-termite test was conducted to evaluate the effectivity of four major components (tectoquinone, deoxylapachol, tecomaquinone, and squalene) of ethanol-benzene extracts in the teak heartwood. Tectoquinone exhibited both strong toxicity and antifeedancy as well as it was far superior to other components. The strength reduction of tectoquinone bioactivity is assumed due to interaction with other major components. As squalene was found in considerable amounts or 1.8 to 13.1 times as high as the tectoquinone concentration in woods, termite feeding was set to the mixtures of tectoquinone and squalene in various ratios (1:1, 1:5, 1:10, and 1:20). It was revealed that squalene addition could decrease the termite mortality 15% to 44% from its initial value (tectoquinone only). On the other hand, the mixtures reduced mass loss due to termite attacks only to a small degree
Pengaruh Modifikasi Steam dan Pembilasan NaOH terhadap Keasaman Enam Jenis Bambu
Get PDFPerlakuan steam dan bilas NaOH 1% telah diketahui meningkatkan sifat fisis dan mekanis Oriented Strand Board (OSB) bambu. Peningkatan tersebut disebabkan oleh menurunnya kadar zat ekstraktif dan komponen berbobot molekul rendah lainnya pada bambu. Selain itu, steam dan bilas NaOH 1% juga diduga mempengaruhi keasaman bambu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan perubahan keasaman yang terjadi akibat perlakuan steam dan bilas NaOH 1% pada enam jenis bambu Indonesia. Enam jenis bambu meliputi bambu andong, betung, tali, ampel, kuning, dan hitam digunakan pada penelitian ini. Sampel bambu dicacah hingga berbentuk partikel dan diberikan dua perlakuan berbeda yaitu steam dan steam + bilas NaOH 1%. Partikel bambu kemudian digiling hingga didapatkan serbuk berukuran 40-60 mesh. Serbuk bambu diekstrak dengan air panas selama 1 jam. Nilai pH filtrat ekstrak diukur menggunakan pH meter. Ekstrak kemudian dititrasi dengan larutan H2SO4 0,025 N hingga pH 4 dan larutan NaOH 0,025 N hingga pH 10. Jumlah larutan penyangga yang ditambahkan ke dalam ekstrak dinyatakan sebagai kapasitas penyangga asam dan basa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis bambu dan perlakuan berpengaruh terhadap nilai pH dan kapasitas penyangga. Nilai rata-rata pH enam jenis bambu berkisar 5,20-6,67 dan meningkat setelah perlakuan steam dan Steam + bilas NaOH 1% berturut-turut menjadi 5,97-6,78 dan 7,02-7,63. Kapasitas penyangga asam dan basa enam jenis bambu masing-masing berkisar 0.404-0.525 mmeq dan 0.095-0.1750 mmeq dan meningkat setelah perlakuan steam dan Steam + bilas NaOH 1%
The Role of Structure Canopy of Terminalia Catappa Linn. on Light Penetration and Decreasing Ambient Temperature as Climate Change Mitigation
No full textTerminalia catappa (Tropical almond) is a tree that usually grows on the seashore. this tree has a shady canopy. This tree is usually planted as an ornamental plant or a shade plant on the side of the road. The presence of the Terminalia catappa tree can provide coolness if the tree is planted in the garden or in the yard or along the roadside. This research was carried out in areas around East Kalimantan, at the sampling location (Balikpapan City, Samarinda City, Tenggarong Ciyt), 25 trees Tropical almond were set in each city which were used as the test samples trees. Data taken includes a) data on physical environmental characteristics including light intensity, ambient temperature and humidity under the canopy performed and out of canopy on each tree sample, and b) data on morphological characteristics (location, height, diameter at breast height, and shape / width of crown ). The relationship between the volume, light penetration and decreased ambient of the tropical almond tree canopy on light penetration under and in the out area of the canopy of the tropical almond tree indicated that there was an effect of the volume of the tropical almond tree canopy on light penetration and there was an effect of light penetration of the tropical almond canopy on a decrease in ambient temperature. The relationship between light penetration and increase of relative humidity indicated that there was an effect of light penetration of the tropical almond canopy on a increase in relative humidity
Inorganic Elements of Mangium Stem (Acacia mangium Willd) from Different Provenanc
No full textThis study aimed to investigate the ash content and concentrations of inorganic elements present in the stem of Acacia mangium. The tree samples (24 years) were collected from five different provenances (Sidei, West of Morehead, Daintree, Ellerbeck, and El Arish). Meanwhile, the disc samples were obtained from the trunk of each tree on the lower parts. The samples were collected from four radial positions (bark, sapwood, outer heartwood, inner heartwood), and the ash and insoluble acid contents were determined. Furthermore, the concentration of 5 elements (Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, K, and Na) was measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The interaction of provenance and radial position factors affected ash and potassium contents. Also, acid insoluble ash and calcium contents showed a provenance factor effect. The barks obtained from the tree samples contained the highest concentrations of ash content and most of the elements. The wood and bark of El-Arish provenance showed the lowest (0.50~0.72%) and highest levels (4.75%) of ash content respectively. Furthermore, the highest amount of insoluble acid ash (3075 ppm) and calcium (4513 ppm) content was also measured in samples of El-Arish provenance, and radial position factor was a significant source of variation for Ca, Mg, Na, and Mn concentrations. Except Mg, the inner and outer portions of the heartwood mostly showed no significant difference in unprecedented element concentrations. Ash content was positively correlated with Ca in sapwood (r=0.39) and Mn in bark (r=0.54). In addition, moderate correlations were observed between Mg and Ca in heartwood (r=0.63) and bark (r=0.54) tissues. For ash and silica content, the comparatively low concentration on samples from El-Arish provenance are good options to improve wood quality for breeding programs
Prediksi Nilai Kuat Lentur Kayu Tropis Berdasarkan Nilai Modulus Elastis
Get PDFDalam SNI 7973:2013, nilai modulus elastisitas statik kayu (MoEs) digunakan sebagai dasar pengelompokan mutu kayu. Nilai MoEs juga dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi sifat mekanika kayu yang lain. Penelitian ini melakukan kajian untuk mendapatkan persamaan yang dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi nilai berdasarkan nilai rata rata modulus elastisitas dan persamaan untuk mendapatkan nilai kekuatan lentur (MoR) berdasarkan nilai MoEsnya dari kayu tropis yang ada di Indonesia. Uji lentur statik dilakukan berdasarkan EN 408, sementara itu uji lentur dinamik dilakukan menggunakan metode stress wave velocity. Selain itu, data sekunder hasil pengujian lentur dari para peneliti terdahulu juga digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Dari hasil analisis, nilai adalah sebesar 0,754 dari . Analisis regresi linear menunjukkan bahwa nilai MoR dapat didekati dengan persamaan = −1,359 + 0,0061, dimana dari persamaan ini dapat diketahui bahwa nilai desain acuan yang ada pada Tabel 4.2.1 SNI 7973:2013 cenderung memberikan faktor keamanan yang memadai. Pengujian lentur dinamik kayu menunjukkan bahwa hubungan antara modulus elastisitas dinamik (MoEd) dan MoEsdapat didekati melalui persamaan = −1330,1 + 1,254 dengan koefisien determinasi () sebesar 0,69.