eJournal MAPEKI (Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia)
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Karakteristik Anatomi Kayu Kurang Dikenal Family Annonaceae dari Indonesia
No full textCiri anatomi merupakan informasi dasar diperlukan dalam pemanfaatan suatu jenis kayu. Umumnya masyarakat memanfaatkan kayu yang sudah dikenal memiliki keawetan, kekuatan maupun sifat pengerjaan yang baik. Tidak demikian halnya dengan pemanfaatan jenis-jenis kayu yang kurang dikenal (The lesser-known wood species) atau sangat kurang dikenal (The least- known wood species), karena masih minim informasinya. Beberapa jenis kayu suku Annonaceae termasuk kelompok jenis kayu sangat kurang dikenal. Ciri umum 7 jenis kayu suku Annonaceae yaitu Annona muricata, Annona palustris, Goniothalamus giganteus, Saccopetalum horsfieldii, Saccopetalum kollsii, Stelechocarpus burahol, dan Trivalvaria sp. diidentifikasi melalui warna, corak, tekstur, arah serat, kilap, kesan raba, dan kekerasan. Sedangkan ciri anatomi diidentifikasidengan menggunakan nomenklatur daftar ciri mikroskopis International Association of Wood Anatomists (IAWA) untuk identifikasi kayu daun lebar. Ciri umum kayu berwarna putih sampai putih keabuan, bercorak polos hingga samar, bertekstur agak kasar dan kasar, arah serat lurus, kesan kilap yang bervariasi dari tidak mengkilap, agak mengkilap hingga mengkilap, kesan raba agak licin dan licin, kayu lunak, agak lunak, agak keras, hingga keras. Sedangkan ciri-ciri anatomi diantaranya batas lingkar tumbuh tidak jelas, susunan pembuluh baur, sebaran pembuluh pola radial, outline pembuluh soliter tidak bersudut, pengelompokan pembuluh bertipe ganda radial 2-4, bidang perforasi sederhana, susunan ceruk antar pembuluh bertipe selang-seling, dan serat tidak bersekat. Hasil perhitungan nilai turunan dimensi dari serat kayu marga Annona, Goniothalamus, Stelechocarpus, serta Trivalvaria sp. termasuk ke dalam kayu kelas kualitas II. Marga Saccopetalum tidak termasuk ke dalam tiga kelas kriteria serat kayu untuk bahan pulp dan kerta
EFFECT OF AGE AND LONGITUDINAL STEM SECTION OF LEGI BAMBOO (Gigantochloa atter (Hassk.) Kurz) AS FURNITURE AND HANDICRAFT MATERIALS
No full textLegi bamboo (Gigantochloa atter (Hassk.) Kurz) is a common and commercially important bamboo species for furniture and craft material. The aims of this research were to investigate the optimum processing quality for the furniture and craft material of 3 and 4 years old Legi bamboo in each stem section including processing properties and supporting information such as physical, mechanical, as well as adhesion properties. The result showed that optimal processing properties of Legi bamboo had average sawing defect of 1.93% (very good); drilling defect of 26.68% (good); planning defect of 4.70% (very good); lathing defect of 7.95% (very good), and sanding defect of 2.14% (very good), considered as I – II class of processing. The results of this study indicate that the tip section of 3 years old Legi bamboo had the best physical, mechanical, and processing properties for its utilizations
Analisis Kesehatan Mangrove di Taman Wisata Alam Angke Kapuk, Jakarta Utara
No full textIndonesia memiliki luasan ekosistem mangrove terluas di dunia. Ekosistem mangrove memiliki fungsi, peran dan manfaat penting bagi kawasan daratan dan lautan. Optimalisasi dari fungsi-fungsi ekosistem mangrove bergantung pada kondisi kesehatan mangrove. Taman Wisata Alam Angke Kapuk (TWAAK) merupakan kawasan taman wisata alam yang berfokus pada ekowisata dan konservasi ekosistem mangrove. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan penilaian kesehatan mangrove berdasarkan Indeks Kesehatan Mangrove/Mangrove Health Index (MHI) dan struktur tegakan mangrove dilakukan di TWAAK. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pengambilan plot secara purposive sampling yaitu penentuan plot berdasarkan kriteria tutupan kanopi rapat, sedang, dan jarang yang di analisis menggunakan Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Plot diambil sebanyak tiga puluh plot yang terdiri dari dua belas plot jarang, sebelas plot sedang, dan tujuh plot rapat. Nilai MHI merupakan kombinasi dari skor persentase tutupan kanopi, DBH dan jumlah pancang. Sedangkan struktur tegakan mangrove ditentukan berdasarkan parameter persentase tutupan kanopi, tinggi tegakan, DBH dan jumlah tegakan. Kesehatan mangrove di TWAAK berdasarkan MHI untuk kelas kerapatan jarang dan sedang masuk kategori sedang/moderate serta kelas kerapatan rapat masuk kategori sehat/healthy. Berdasarkan struktur tegakan, kesehatan mangrove di TWAAK untuk kelas kerapatan jarang masuk kategori sedang/cukup baik/fair serta kelas kerapatan sedang dan rapat masuk kategori baik/good.
Comparison of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Bamboo Laminates With and Without Natural Fiber Reinforcement
Get PDFPresent study of engineered bamboo as an alternative to wood aims to determine the difference of physical-mechanical properties, as well as correlation of the observed properties consist of moisture content, density, modulus of elasticity (Eapp), and modulus of rupture (SR). Bambusa blumeana Schult. & Schult. F and Gigantochloa atroviolacea Widjaja, Agave sisalana Perrine, Hibiscus cannabinus L, and urea-formaldehyde resin as an adhesive used to produce natural-fibre-reinforced and non-reinforced laminated bamboo lumber (LBL). Specimen dimension accordance with ASTM standard D143-14. Test methods and equations accordance with ASTM standard D198-15. Statistical analysis includes analysis of variance, correlation, and regression. Result show properties of the interactions within AO, AK, AS, BO, BK, and BS ranged between 6,40% to 8,00% on MC, 0,62 g/cm3 to 0,74 g/cm3 on density, 12,71 GPa to 37, 70 GPa on MOE, and 62,64 MPa to 104,24 MPa on MOR respectively. Relationship between variables revealed linear negative correlation between MC versus density (R = –0,786), and MC versus MOR (R = –0,666). Linear positive correlation between density versus MOE (R = 0,508), density versus MOR (R = –0,578), and MOE versus MOR (R = –0,793).
Fuel Properties of Slab Wastes from Sengon Sawmills: A Case Study in Sleman and Wonosobo Regencies
No full textSengon (Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen) is a fast-growing and versatile species that has been established in community forests. Many sawmills utilize sengon wood as a raw material which generates wastes in the form of sawdust and slab consisting of a mixture of bark and wood. Those wastes are widely used by communities and home industries as fuel. The objective of this study was to characterize the energy properties of slab wastes from sengon sawmills in Wonosobo dan Sleman Regencies. The results showed that the calorific value and fuelwood value index (FVI) ranges were 4,089 to 4,749 cal/g and 2.71 to 18.74, respectively. The values of density ranged from 0.23 to 0.94 g/cm3. The proximate analysis showed that the values of moisture and ash contents ranged from 13.90 to 20.03% and from 0.30 to 4.59%, respectively, whereas volatile matter and fixed carbon contents ranged from 75.84 to 88.94% and from 10.23 to 20.62%, respectively. In general, the slab samples from Wonosobo gave higher values in fixed carbon content and FVI but smaller values in density, moisture content, volatile matter content, and ash content than those of the samples in Sleman. The bark part showed higher amounts in density, moisture content, fixed carbon content, and ash content but lower in volatile matter content, calorific value, and FVI than the wood part. Based on the wood consumption, sawmill recovery, calorific value, and dry weight biomass value, the potential annual energy from slab wastes in Sleman and Wonosobo reached 1,374 × 1013 cal (equivalent to 1,525,222 L of kerosene) and 1.521 × 1014 cal (equivalent to 16,884,016 L of kerosene), respectively
Biological Resistance of Jabon Wood Against Subterranean and Drywood Termites after Combined Impregnation and Compression Treatment
No full textThis study investigated Jabon wood [Anthochepalus cadamba (Roxb) Miq) impregnated with natural phenolic resin from Merbau extractives (ME) and subjected to hot compression treatments. The resistance of this wood to subterranean termites (Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren) and drywood termites (Cryptotermes cynocephalus Light) was tested. The types of pre-treatments utilized were impregnation, repeated-impregnation, hot compression, and a combined treatment of impregnation and hot compression. The impregnation pre-treatment used crude ME and selected polymerized ME (PME22 and PME33). The resistance evaluation was based on the weight loss of the samples according to the Indonesian standard of SNI 7207 (2014). Untreated samples of jabon were classified as grade V (susceptible) against subterranean termites and grade IV (non-resistant) against drywood termites. Impregnation using only ME improved the resistance of Jabon wood against subterranean termite from grade V to grade IV. Against drywood termites, it changed from class IV to III and II. The resistance class of III against subterranean termites resulted from the treatments of various schedules of polymerized ME. Thus, the extractives contributed greatly to the protection of a less durable wood species against termite attack. Merbau extractives also distinctly improved the resistance of jabon wood from grade IV (non-resistant) to grade II (resistant)
Bio-Attractant of termites bait from waste paper and extract Ocimum basilicum Linn against Subterranean Termites Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren
No full textTermites were the most destroying wood organism and one of the methods for controlling termites and suppressing its population is the baiting system. One of the conditions in the baiting system method is that the bait must be able to attract termites. Mostly the attractant is made from an extract of the plant. This research aimed to evaluate the attractants of termites bait from waste paper and extract of basil leaf (Ocimum basilicum) against subterranean termites Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren. Leaves of Ocimum basilicum extracted with maceration process with ethanol. After extraction, the yield was made into five concentration, consist of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%. The waste paper was made into termite’s bait with a square bait with measure 2 cm long x 2 cm wide x 1 cm thick. The result of research showed that the average of termites mortality value was 18.79% - 97.58%. The highest termites mortality was achieve on 10% concentration of extract Ocimum basilicum. Its followed by the concentration 8% with mortality value 91.52%; concentration 6% with mortality value 78.18%; concentration 4% with mortality value 61.82% and concentration 2% with mortality value 51.52%. Meanwhile on control treatment the mortality value was 18.79%. The average of weight loss of termite’s bait was 3.41% - 8.36%. The highest weight loss was achieved on concentration 8% and this bait was more attractive to termites. Termite’s bait from waste paper and extract of Ocimum basilicum was attractant to subteranean termites Coptotermes curvignathus and the optimum concentration was 8%
Phenolics Content and DPPH Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Dalbergia latifolia leaf ethanolic extract
No full textDalbergia latifolia is one of the famous species that naturally grows in Java, Indonesia. The wood of this species is purple in color and the leaf is utilized as forage. The purpose of this study is to determine the bioactivity and phenol contents of D. latifolia leaf ethanolic extract. The antioxidant activity and anti-termite activity were measured through the DPPH method and Neotermes bosei activity. Furthermore, phenol contents were determined through colorimetric method and ethanolic extract constituents were identified by GC-MS. The DPPH inhibition of ethanol extract of D. latifolia leaf exhibited 138.20±2.14 µg/ml. While the measurement of total phenol and total flavonoid content of D. latifolia leaf showed a value of 192.67±9.41 mg GAE/ g and 55.23±5.11 mg QE/ g of dried extract sample. The termiticidal activity of ethanolic extract showed low activity. The GC-MS detection showed fatty acids as dominant compounds. The inhibition of DPPH by D. latifolia leaf ethanol extract in this study suggested this leaf is potent as antioxidant agents
Subterranean Termite Durability of Three Inferior Wood Species Collected from Indonesian New Guinea Coated with Two Coating Systems
No full textWood is very susceptible material from termite attacks. A simple, cheapest method to prevent this attack is coating treatment. On this work, three inferior wood species collected from Manokwari – Papua Barat, namely Pulai (Alstonia scholaris), Binuang (Octomeles sumatrana), and Jambu (Syzygium sp.) were coated with two coating systems of oiled and water- based coatings. Coating was applied using paint brush on wood samples with dimensions, 50 cm long x 5 cm wide x 2.5 cm thick. Durability was conducting with grave yard test, where half-length of wood samples, coated and uncoated samples, were buried on the yard for the three consecutive months. Wood durability was evaluated using two variables, wood weight loss, and wood damage, respectively, and analyses into other variables likes wood resistance class, level of resistance, degree of damage, and natural durability classes. The results indicated that both coated systems, oiled and water based, had an average of spreading rates from 0.005-0.015 g/cm2. Weight loss of three inferior species of wood recorded from the control samples are 38.65%, 12.12%, and 6.14% for Pulai, Binuang and Jambu. Treatment with coating systems, weight loss could be prevented into 95.1%, 58.2% and 56.0% to control for Pulai, Binuang and Jambu, respectively. Wood resistance class of Pulai is IV. Binuang and jambu species initially is Moderate Resistant (III) and improve into Resistant (II). It is summarized that coating systems available in the local market could protect wood from subterranean termites
Discolored Components from the Black-streaked Heartwood Extracts of Teak
No full textWith regard to black-streaked discoloration of teak wood, the ethyl acetate extract from successive extraction was examined. By column chromatography, tectol and and two unknown compounds i.e. C-1 (molecular weight of 240) and C-2 (molecular weight of 210) were isolated. Discoloration tests, i.e. air oxidation, acidic (acetic acid), and alkaline (potassiun hydrogen carbonate) treatments were conducted to the isolated and other standard quinoine compounds (tectoquinone, lapachol, 2-tert-buthyl- anthraqunone, 2-hydroxy-methyl-anthraqunone). The results showed that tectol changes its color by the considerable decreasing in brightness whereas C-1 showed huge decrease in yellowness by air oxydation. Tectol did not change its color in pH value of 2.9 to 8.3 but C-1, C-2, and lapachol did change. Tectoquinone was hardly change color under alkaline or acidic treatment. The difference in quinone coloration might be due the structural features of a hydroxyl group and a double bond conjugate