eJournal MAPEKI (Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia)
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Thermoelectric Properties of Porous SiC/SiO2/C Composite from Carbonized Cryptomeria japonica Wood
No full textElectric power generation by thermoelectric material utilizing radiated heat of from roof’s house, engine and others is potential clean energy in tropical areas such as Indonesia. In this study, thermoelectric materials such as silicon carbide (SiC/SiO2/C) composites were developed from carbonized Cryptomeria japonica wood infiltrated ethyl silicate-40 by sintering at 1400, 1600 and 1800 ºC for 30 min under N2 atmosphere. This study aimed to examine the morphology, microstructure and thermoelectric properties of porous SiC/SiO2/C composites. SiC/SiO2/C composites sintered at 1600 ºC with low value of thermal conductivity was potential for the development of thermoelectric material. The oxidation of SiC/SiO2/C composite sintered at 1600 °C which removed parts of residual silica and carbon, transformed the composite exhibiting p-type semiconductor with low values of Seebeck coefficient of to that exhibiting n-type semiconductor with high values Seebeck coefficient. A maximum of figure of merit of 6.25 x 10--5 K-1 was obtained at 140 ºC in the oxidized SiC/SiO2/C composite sintered at 1600 °C. The comparatively high figure of merit indicates the potentiality the material for thermoelectric purpose
Synergistic effect of alcohols, ketone and water on the yield of soluble compounds and tannins from the barks of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. and Moringa oleifera Lam.
No full textInvestigations into the most efficient solvent or solvent mixtures which yield high quantities of tannins for the production of adhesives for the composite industry have been ongoing. However, knowledge on the synergistic effect of ketones, alcohols and water on the yield of soluble compounds and tannins from plants is lacking. Using the Soxhlet extraction method, the synergistic effect of ketone, alcohol and water mixtures in the extraction of soluble compounds and tannins from the barks of Moringa oleifera and Azadirachta indica was examined. Ketone, water and alcohols did not have a definite synergistic effect on the yields of soluble compounds and tannins from the two plants. Mixtures of some solvents, as opposed to their individual solvents, recorded high yield of soluble compounds. The reverse was also observed. Water extract recorded the highest quantity of soluble compounds in M. oleifera while, ethanol-methanol-water mixture (60:20:20) extracted the highest quantity of soluble compounds in A. indica. The mixtures containing either a ketone or the alcohols produced comparatively high tannin yield in A. indica. This trend was not so for M. oleifera. The efficiency of solvents to extract soluble compounds depended mostly on the species
Sponge Gourd Potential for the Raw Material of Paper and Dissolving Pulp
Get PDFSponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica) provides a sustainable and cheap source of lignocellulosic materials potential for the raw material of paper and dissolving pulp. In the present works, sponge gourd fruits 5 and 8 months old were pre-hydrolyzed in an acidic (pH of 5) and neutral (pH of 7) at 165 C for 3 hours, and successively soda pulped at a maximum temperature of 170 oC for 4 hours with 20% active alkali. The resulting pulp was bleached by the D0E1D1E2D2 method. The bleached pulp was chemically analyzed to evaluate its feasibility for dissolving pulp based on the requirement of SNI 14-03-1989. The pulp feasibility for paper materials ware based on the measurement of fiber dimensions, fiber derivative values, and the strength properties of the pulp. It was found that the a-cellulose content of the sponge gourd coir was high compared to the requirement of SNI 14-03-1989. However, it did not satisfy the requirement of dissolving pulp due to its high extractives, ash, silica content, and low viscosity. The fiber of sponge gourd coir was classified into the quality class of II with intermediate pulp strength.
BONDING CHARACTERISTIC OF GAMBIR TANNIN-BASED ADHESIVE ON TUSAM WOOD (Pinus merkusii) IN VARIOUS AGES : EFFECTS OF GAMBIR LEAVES CONDITION AND EXTENDER ADDITION
No full textExploration of natural wood adhesive as an alternative to conventional adhesives such as UF and PF is an interesting topic to be investigated further due to the increasing of human awareness on environmental sustainability and health. Among several types of natural adhesives, tannin-based adhesive is considerably potential to be developed as commercial wood adhesive. In Indonesia, one of the material that has high potential as a raw material for making tannin-based adhesives is gambir leaves. In this study, the effect of leaf freshness, extender content and wood age were studied on the quality of the laminated product. The results showed that all three factors have a significant effect on the compressive shear strength of the laminated wood. The condition of fresh leaves, 0% extender content and 27 years old wood produced a laminated product with the highest compressive shear strength. All laminated wood products in this study meet the compressive shear strength requirement of SNI standards. Moreover, all laminated wood glued using tannin adhesive from fresh leaves without addition of extender are also able to meet the JAS standard requirement of compressive strength. The research results also show that gambir tannin adhesive has properties and bonding strength that can compete with PF adhesive. From these results, we can conclude that gambir tannin-based adhesive demonstrates an ability to serve as an alternative for conventional adhesive commonly used in wood industry
Fast-Growing Wood-Polymer Nano Composite Characteristics through Nano-SiO2 Impregnation
No full textGanitri (Elaeocarpus sphaericus (Gaertn.) K. Schum.) and jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba) are fast-growing wood species that have low strength and durability class. One of methods for improving the characteristics of ganitri and jabon woods is impregnation. This study objectives were to analyze the effect of impregnation of Melamine Formaldehyde Furfuryl Alcohol (MFFA) copolymer and 0.5% Nano-SiO2 on the physical, mechanical and durability properties of ganitri and jabon woods. The impregnation process was carried out by applying a 0.5 bar vacuum for 1 hour and followed by 2 bar pressure for 2 hours. The results showed that impregnation with MFFA and Nano-SiO2 could improve optimally the physical and mechanical properties and durability of fast-growing wood
Investigation of Flavonoid Extractives and their Contribution to Color of Dalbergia latifolia Roxb Wood
No full textDalbergia latifolia wood is a beautiful wood with color of dark purple to dark brown and rich in flavonoid compounds. This study aimed to investigate the presence of flavonoid compounds from D. latifolia wood and their contribution to its color. The D. latifolia wood sample was powdered and extracted with ethanol-toluene (1/2, v/v). The ethanol- toluene extract then was column chromatographed to obtain fraction 1 to fraction 12. Methylation was conducted to each fraction to detect flavonoid compounds by GC-MS. The results of GC-MS analysis showed that ethanol- toluene extract gave Fr- 1- Fr. 3 as soluble flavonoids (34.2%) and Fr. 4- Fr. 12 as insoluble polymers (62.6%). Furthermore, 12 flavonoids i.e latifolin, dalbergiphenol, chalcone, dalbergin, and their derivatives were characterised and these compounds might be significance in contributing to color of D. latifolia wood
A Review: Effect of Heartwood Proportion in Wood Properties
No full textThis study aims to examine the effect of heartwood proportion on wood properties for construction materials by reviewing 98 journal articles and non-articles. The data were collected through an online search using seven keywords: heartwood proportion, heartwood effect, physical properties, mechanical properties, wood dimensional stability, wood gluing, and wood preservation. By eliminating the irrelevant papers, 45 journal articles and non-articles were selected. The review shows that the proportion of heartwood has a positive correlation with wood density and dimensional stability. High wood density will have a positive correlation with the mechanical properties of wood. However, the dimensional stability is not only affected by the proportion of the heartwood but also the microfibril angle and the arrangement of the wood cells. Further, sapwood has a higher moisture content than heartwood. The high moisture content causes the wood drying process to take longer and require more energy. However, it should be noted that the heartwood in some Acacia species has a higher moisture content than that in the sapwood, which is commonly called wet heartwood. Therefore, a suitable treatment is needed to minimize the moisture content in the heartwood. In addition, heartwood is difficult to preserve because of the high extractive content in the lumen. The color of the wood is another important indicator to determine the quality of wood, especially the heartwood color, because it is related to the aesthetic value and durability of the wood. Meanwhile, a better understanding of the acid and alkaline properties of extractive substances is necessary to perfectly conduct the wood gluing process
The Effect of Slape Arrangement On Physical and Mechanical Properties Petung Bamboo Laminate Board (Dendrocalamus asper)
No full textWood as a construction material is currently increasingly limited. One alternative material as a substitute for construction wood is laminated bamboo. Laminated bamboo is a product made from several bamboo slats or bamboo slats that are glued together with the fiber direction parallel to the board with several requirements, among others, must have dimensions of length, width, and thickness that can be converted into boards or blocks. The type of bamboo that will be used in this research is petung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper). Petung bamboo was chosen because it has a diameter that can reach 20 cm with a wall thickness of 1-3 cm, making it suitable for use as laminated bamboo. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of blade arrangement on the physical and mechanical properties of petung bamboo laminated boards. The method used in this study is an experimental method with a non-factorial completely randomized design experiment with two treatments and three replications. Based on the results of the study, the arrangement of the laminated board blades did not significantly affect all tests of the physical and mechanical properties of the petung bamboo laminated board. All tests of physical and mechanical properties have complied with JPIC standard No. 1152 2007 except in the MoE test does not meet the standard. Based on the strength class of the laminated board, the bamboo petung laminated board is classified as strong class III which can be used as a protected heavy construction material
Pengaruh Ukuran Partikel Bahan Baku terhadap Kualitas Pelet Ranting Kaliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus) dari Limbah Pakan Ternak Kambing
No full textPemberian pakan kambing dengan daun kaliandra menyisakan limbah ranting kaliandra yang belum banyak dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemanfaatan limbah ranting kaliandra sebagai bahan baku pelet untuk energi terbarukan. Penelitian dirancang untuk mengetahui pengaruh berbagai ukuran partikel bahan baku pada kualitas pelet limbah ranting kaliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus). Ukuran partikel bahan yang digunakan adalah 20-40 mesh, 40-60 mesh, dan 60-80 mesh. Proses pembuatan pelet menggunakan tekanan kempa 70 kg/cm2. Kualitas pelet yang diamati adalah sebagai berikut: berat jenis dan sifat proksimat (kadar air, kadar abu, zat mudah menguap, dan karbon terikat) serta nilai kalor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pelet limbah ranting kaliandra terbaik dihasilkan dari ukuran partikel 60-80 mesh dengan pemberian tekanan kempa 70 kg/cm2. Pelet yang dihasilkan mempunyai spesifikasi kualitas sebagai berikut nilai berat jenis 1,086; kadar air 10,12%; kadar zat mudah menguap 82,50%; kadar abu 1,21%; karbon terikat 16,25%; dan nilai kalor 4617,20 kal/g. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pelet limbah ranting kaliandra telah memenuhi standar kualitas pelet menurut SNI 8021-2014 dan DIN 51731. Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengembangan limbah ranting kaliandra pada peternakan kambing bisa digunakan sebagai bahan baku pelet sebagai sumber energi terbarukan yang berkualitas
Total Phenolic, Flavonoid, Tannin Content and DPPH Scavenging Activity of Caesalpinia sappan Linn. Bark
No full textCaesalpinia sappan is a shrubby Leguminosae tree commonly found in Indonesia, traditionally utilized as natural dye and herbal drink. However, in the making of traditional herbal drink, the bark is often discarded as residues. This research aimed to investigate total phenolic (TPC), flavonoid (TFC), and tannin (TTC) content as well as the antioxidant activity (DPPH scavenging activity) of the bark successive extracted with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and hot water as well as analyzed it with GC-MS. The result showed the highest amount of TPC (824.16±62.28 mg GAE/g), TFC (185.03±1.91 mg QE/g), and TTC (987.07±30.98 mg TAE/g) in the methanol extract of the bark. GC-MS analysis resulted hydroquinone as a major constituent in the methanol extract. Further, antioxidant activity was found the strongest on methanol extract (IC50=63.48), while correlation between antioxidant activity and TFC was found the highest (R2=0.93). These findings suggest that bark of C. sappan is a suitable source of natural antioxidant with strong activity to DPPH radical