eJournal MAPEKI (Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia)
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PEMANFAATAN KULIT GEMOR (Alseodaphne sp) SEBAGAI BAHAN UNTUK PEMBUATAN ANTI NYAMUK BAKAR The Possible Utilization of Gemor (Alseodaphne sp.) Bark as Material for the Manufacture of Anti Mosquito Agent
Get PDFGemor (Alseodaphne sp.) plants belong to the Lauraceae family and grow abundantly in particular Indonesian regions, predominantly South Kalimantan and Central Kalimantan. It has been known that the bark portion of gemor plants can be used as an effective stuff or material to repel the mosquitoes (i.e. anti-mosquito agent).In this research, a laboratory-scale trial on the manufacture of anti-mosquito agent was conducted by diversifying its manufacturing formulations. As such, two kinds of formulae were prepared. The first formula (designated as A) consisted of the gemor bark (20 percent), which has been fragmented into flour, wood flour (60 percent), coconut-shell flour (10 percent), and wood flour of Cassiavera sp. (10 percent), and cassava flour (3 percent). Meanwhile, the second formula (B) contained gemor bark flour (25 percent), wood flour (50 percent), coconut-shell flour (10 percent), Cassiavera wood flour (12 percent), and cassava flour (3 percent). During the trial, in addition to varying or diversifying the formulation, the manufacturing process (i.e. cooking) was also conducted in two different durations, i.e. 45- and 65-minutes. Afterwards, the resulting anti-mosquito agents were tested of their efficacy through the burning process (i.e. the ease to get ignited, flaming duration, and efficacy to repel the mosquitoes). Besides, assessing the qualities of the anti-mosquito agent was also conducted not through the burning process (i.e. the resistance of the agent to breakage, crumbling, and other destructive mechanical actions).The results revealed that the anti-mosquito agents manufactured using the two kinds of formulae (A and B) turned out to have almost similar characteristics, i.e. the ease to get ignited, flaming (burning) duration, and mosquito-repelling efficacy. Meanwhile, the agent resulting from formula B disclosed better resistance to damage (crumbling/breakage) due to mechanical actions than the one from formula A. Formulation A and B are to use anti mosquito agent.
Kualitas Arang Aktif Kayu Gelam dan Aplikasinya untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Air (Activated Charcoal Quality of Gelam Wood and Its Application to Improve Water Quality)
Get PDFGelam (Melaleuca cajuputi) is the dominant tree species grown in swamp forests, especially in tidal areas in Central Kalimantan. Gelam wood has been used for construction and biomass energy, which is due to high density of wood. Previously studies reported that the quality of charcoal from wood stems of Gelam was better than that from roots, fruits, flowers, branches and leaves. The study was to investigate the characteristics of activated charcoal from wood stem of gelam which taken from different site and growth stages of the tree, and its utilizations for water quality improvement. The parameters observed were yield, moisture content, volatile matter content, ash content, fixed carbon, absorption of benzene, iodine and methylene blue. The Gelam wood from different growth site and stage of trees (saplings, poles, trees) can be used as raw material for activated charcoal production. The quality of activated charcoal fulfilled the quality requirements of technical activated charcoal (SNI 06-3730-1995), activated charcoal for the purification of edible oil (SNI 06-4262-1996) and drinking water (SNI 06-4253-1996), except for absorption of benzene. Generally, the quality of water treated by activated charcoal increased and fulfilled the requirements of clean water standards (Departemen Kesehatan 1990)
The Effect of Microwave Heating on Permeability of Bamboo
No full textBamboos are plants of enormous importance to the rural people in several regions of Asia. In spite of its many excellent properties; bamboo is liable to biological deterioration. Therefore, a preservative treatment is regarded as necessary. Many methods have been developed to increase the durability of bamboo. However, most of the methods take a long time and in most cases the vessels do not take enough liquid to preserve the surrounding fibres and parenchyma. This study is aimed to observe the effect of microwave heating on bamboo permeability. The study evaluates the moisture content reduction, resin uptake and saturation as well as resin distribution.The result shows that microwave heating is able to reduce the moisture content reduction of both round and split bamboo up to 93% in about 3 minutes. The microwave heating increases the resin uptake of microwave treated bamboo up to 3 ~ 5 times. The resin saturation also improves to about 2.5 ~ 3 times (before curing) and about 4 ~ 5 times (after curing). Resin penetrates mostly through radial checks that occur during drying. Microwave heated samples shows more blackened area in ground parenchyma tissue than non-treated samples, which indicates that the resin was distributed more evenly. It is concluded that microwave heating leads to improve of bamboo permeability. It is recommended that further research be carried out to establish a microwave regime for optimal bamboo permeability
Struktur Anatomi dan Kualitas Serat Kayu Parashorea malaanonan (Blanco) Merr. (Anatomical Structure and Fiber Quality of Parashorea malaanonan (Blanco) Merr.)
No full textParashorea malaanonan (Blanco) Merr. is one of Dipterocarps species that listed in Red List IUCN as critically endangered species. The evaluation of its suitability for pulp and paper raw material was also needed. The samples were observed by using Johansen’s Method for the microtome slide making and for the observation of anatomical structure were using IAWA List. The maceration process was using FPL’s method and fibre quality criteria according to Rahman and Siagian (1976). The results shows that P. malaanonan have light brown heartwood and yellow pale sapwood; rough texture; grain straight to interlocked, and impression touch rough. The main microscopic characters are growth ring indistinct, vessels diffuse arranged diagonally, vessels mostly solitary with outline rounded. Tyloses were found in vessels, perforation plate simple, intervessel pits scalariform to opposite. Axial parenchyma paratracheal thin vasicentric, rays uniseriate and multiseriate. Axial intercellular canals in long tangential lines and axial canals diffuse. Vasicentric tracheids present, thin wall fibre (4 μm), fibre length 1368 μm, and diameter 25 μm. Prismatic chrystals in ray cells and chambered axial parenchyma cells. The fibre quality of P. malaanonan belongs to the quality class II, which mean moderately good for pulp and paper
Pencegahan Serangan Bubuk Dinoderus minutus Farb. pada Bambu Lapis dan Kayu Lapis The Prevention of the Powder Post Beetle Dinoderus Minutus Farb. Infestation on Plybamboo and Plywood
No full textBamboo and wood are essential natural resources in Indonesia. Both natural resources can be made for plybamboo and plywood respectively. However, bamboo and wood are very susceptible to powder post beetle infestation. To cope with the infestation, a preservative treatment is applied. The permethrin preservative with active ingredient of 36.8 % was mixed in the urea formaldehyde glue, and the concentrations used were 0%; 0.5%; 1.0% and 1.5% based on urea formaldehyde weight (or 0 g/m3, 450 g/m3, 900 g/m3 and 1,350 g/m3 based on plybamboo or plywood volume). The bamboo species, Gigantochloa apus Kurz. and the wood species, Anthocephalus cadamba Miq. were used respectively. The durability of plybamboo and plywood were tested to the powder post beetle Dinoderus minutus Farb.The results revealed that the higher the preservative concentration the higher the mortality of powder post beetle, the lower the rate of beetle infestation for both on plybamboo and plywood. The addition of permethrin in the urea formaldehyde glue at the minimum level of 0.5% (450 g/m3) was effective to prevent the infestation of powder post beetle Dinoderus minutus Farb on plybamboo and plywoo
The Alleviation of Discoloration in Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) Wood Through Drying and Chemical Treatments
No full textTeak wood is well known as one of the important wood species from Indonesia. The properties of this wood are quite good and delighted by many people. However, the wood processing may cause discoloration on some pieces or boards of this wood. This degrades the wood performance. The wood surface is slightly darkened. Dark-brown streaks often arise distinctly on the brown color of wood surface. Moreover, when the kiln-dried wood is re-exposed in the further process with a planner or a molder, the discoloration may still exist. The aim of this study was to find out an appropriate technique to alleviate discoloration on teak wood. The result showed that drying temperature was the most important factor in the discoloration of teak wood. Among chemical treatments in this experiment, the use of 3% Na2SO3 solution was the most effective way to alleviate discoloration on teak woo
Keterawetan Kayu Tropis dengan Proses Pengawetan Menggunakan Karbon Dioksida sebagai Pelarut Pembawa Treatability of Tropical Wood Species with Preservative Treatment Using Carbon Dioxide as a Carrier Solvent
No full textThe feasibility of a preservative treatment using carbon dioxide (CO2) as a carrier solvent under various conditions was determined based on the treatability of three different commercial tropical wood species (Agathis sp., Palaquium sp., and Heritiera sp.). Treatment was conducted at six combinations of temperature and pressure (15ºC and 40 kgf/cm2, 15ºC and 60 kgf/cm2, 15ºC and 80 kgf/cm2, 25ºC and 60 kgf/cm2, 25ºC and 80 kgf/cm2, dan 35ºC and 80 kgf/cm2) with five replicates using two specimens of each wood species for each treatment. Results showed that most of these treatment conditions, except treatment at 15ºC and 40 kgf/cm2, resulted in retention levels above the Silafluofen toxic thereshold value (< 0.25 kg/m3) without any physical damages to all treated materials. The treatability of wood with CO2 impregnation was affected by the wood properties and treatment condition
Pengaruh Sodium Hidroksida dan Hidrogen Peroksida terhadap Rendemen dan Warna Pulp dari Serat Daun Nenas The Effect of Sodium Hydroxide and Hydrogen Peroxide on the Yield and Color of Pulp from Pineapple Leaf Fiber
No full textChemical pulping process of pineapple leaf fiber with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and bleaching process of pulp with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were conducted to see the influence of treatment on the yield and the color of the pulp produced. Raw materials were cayenne type pineapple leaf of 6~7 months old from Subang, West Java. Color was measured with a Portable Color Difference Meter Model CDX-105 with CIE 1976 L*a*b* (CIELAB) method.The result showed that NaOH and H2O2 can be used for bleached pulp making. The pulp yield of the treatment decreased but their lightness of the color increased. The optimum pulp properties were obtained by using 10% NaOH at 100°C and solid to liquid ratio 1:20 at 1 hour cooking time. The yield was 73% and value of L* around 84.6. By using 2% H2O2, the yield decreased 7.6% but the value of L* increased to 92.2. The color of the pulp was white. Value of the different color (DE*ab) compare to the white standard is 8.7. Decreasing of its yield caused by dissolving of lignin, non fiber and pigment
Sifat Kimia Kayu Jati (Tectona grandis) pada Laju Pertumbuhan Berbeda (Chemical Properties of Teak Wood on Different Growth-rates)
No full textChemical properties of 32 teak woods representing 3 different diameter classes (slow, medium, and fast growth-rate) at the same age class were evaluated. The content of cell wall component and extractives of outer heartwood part were determinated according to ASTM and TAPPI standard. The extractives components of wood were characterized by Gas-Chromatography Mass-Spectrometry (GC-MS). By analysis of variance, there was not significant difference among the growth-rate in the content of holocellulose, α-cellulose, pentosan, Klason lignin, acid soluble lignin, ash, and hot-water soluble extractives. The diameter class significantly affected the ethanol-benzene soluble extractives which faster growth-rate trees tend to have higher values than those of slower growth-rate trees. However, based on GC and GC-MS, there was not significant differences in the levels of major components of ethanol-benzene extracts both of quinones (deoxylapachol and its isomer, lapachol, tectoquinone, and tectol) and non-quinones (palmitic acid and squalene)
Identifikasi Fosil Kayu asal Bogor dan Lebak (Identification of Wood Fossil from Bogor and Lebak)
No full textFossil wood is a heritage of flora history from a certain area. Species determination and age estimation are conducted on two sample of fossil wood which are collected from Bogor and Lebak districts. Anatomical features on transversal, radial and tangential sections were identified using microscope of Imager-A1m type. Anatomy description refers to the International Association of Wood Anatomists (IAWA) list of microscopic features for hardwood identification. The age estimation of the fossil wood was determined based on geological map analysis. The identified anatomical features of the first sample is vessels which mostly solitaire, radial and diagonal multiples; diffuse, vasicentric, confluent and narrow bands or lines up to three cells wide parenchyma; axial resin canals are arrayed in long tangential lines. These anatomical characteristics are belonging to Shoreoxylon sp. (meranti). The identified anatomical characteristics of the second sample is exclusively solitary vessels; diffuse and vasicentric parenchyma; and possesses tangential resin canals with diameter smaller than vessel diameter. These anatomical characteristics are owned by Dryobalanoxylon sp. (kamper). The age estimation of the wood fossils are 2.5 to 0.01 million years old (early to middle Pleistocene period).Keywords: Bogor, Dryobalanoxylon, fossil wood, Lebak, Shoreoxylo