eJournal MAPEKI (Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia)
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Pengaruh Umur Panen Pinus Hutan Tanaman terhadap Kualitas Kayu Pertukangan Effect of Harvesting Age of Pine from Forest Plantation on Quality of Wood Construction Materials
Get PDFResearch on some properties of wood Pine (Pinus merkusii Jungh et de Vriese) to determine technical rotation for wood construction materials matched to the technical requirements. Pine wood investigated originated from KPH Sukabumi, West Java, from site index III and age of 17, 21, 23, 27 and 28 years. The results showed that morphology, diameter at breast height (DBH), sawing recovery, volume, veneer recovery and bonding strength were not significantly different at 95% confidence level. DBH and cylindricity tend to increase from age of 17 years until 27 years and decrease at 28 years in parabolic. The maximum DBH reach at 25 years, while cylindricity at 26 years. The sawing recovery tends to increase from 17 to 21 years, decrease at 23 years and increase at 27 years. Screw withdrawal resistance of five age level wood tested were significantly different. The relationship between age and wood properties tested tends to the same pattern, paraboloid, while volume and veneer recovery were linear. Differentiated of these equation showed that maximum DBH reach at age of 25, sawing recovery 28 years, maximum density and screw withdrawal resistance at 23 years, bonding strength and wettability at 22 years. Based on its machining properties, wood from 17-21 years belong to class II, and class I for 23 ~ 28 years
Effective Utilization of Fast-Growing Acacia mangium Willd. Timber As a Structural Material
No full textThis study aims to evaluate the full-scale strength performance of Acacia mangium Willd. timber and establish characteristic values, as well as the timber strength classes, by the application of mechanical grading. A total of 120 actual size specimens were selected from two areas and the modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture were tested. The results showed that A. mangium timber could be a substitute structural material for light timber construction. Effective utilization of A. mangium timber could be obtained when the timber is mechanically graded. The result promotes the effective utilization of A. mangium timber, which has a high annual growth rate, from managed forests, thus reducing the destruction of natural tropical forests
Anatomi Kayu Palele (Castanopsis javanica) Wood Anatomy of Palele (Castanopsis javanica)
No full textAs an effort to overcome scarcity of raw material for wood processing industries, utilization of wood from various lesser known species should be conducted. Wide prospects of utilization will be opened when complete data of species and their properties are available.The aims of this research is to get microscopic features concerning to the wood anatomical structure of Palele (Castanopsis javanica) at the vertical and radial directions. Observation of wood anatomical structures in accordance to International Association of Wood Anatomist standard; includes diameter, height and amount of vessel; also height, width and amount of wood rays; percentage of vessels, percentage of rays, axial parenchyma and percentage of fiber, fiber diameter, fiber lumina, and fiber wall thickness.In this research it is found that wood vessels are oval to round, solitary vessels in radial arrangement, vessels consist of rare tylosis, wood diffuse porous, alternate pits with simple plate perforation. Wood rays is uniseriate heterogeneous, two types of axial parenchyma, i.e. : apotracheal scalariform and paratracheal with narrow short bands and wavy. Fiber quality includes in category class II. This wood has medium to long size fiber with thin walled and wide of lumina. It is predicted that wood fiber of Palele can be used as raw material for paper with smooth surface and medium strength
Fiksasi Bambu Gombong dan Tali Fixation of Gombong and Tali Bamboos
Get PDFThis research describes stress relaxation measurement to understand the fixation mechanism of compressive deformation of water saturated Gombong bamboo (Gigantochloa pseduarundinaceae) and Tali bamboo (Gigantochloa apus). Stress relaxations are measured by compressing the specimens in radial direction to 0.2 strains between 110ºC and 190ºC for various periods of time in electro oil hydraulic testing system equipped with an autoclave, which was heated by high temperatures saturated steam. The stress approximately disappears in 60min at 170ºC, in 30min at 180ºC, and in 20 min at 190ºC for Gombong bamboo. On the other hand, the fastest release of stress is found for Tali bamboo. The plots of relationship between residual stress and strain recovery of Gombong and Tali bamboos lay on a single curve, respectively. The relationship is similar to that of Sugi wood by heating. However, the weight loss of the two bamboos is extremely higher than that of wood. The fixation is achieved at a weight loss of 20% for Gombong and Tali bamboos. From these results, the fixation mechanism is considerably dominated by the decomposition of hemicelluloses and lignin
Komposisi Kimia dan Ketahanan Rotan Asal Sulawesi Tenggara terhadap Serangan Rayap Tanah (Chemical Composition and Durability of Rattan Originated Southeast Sulawesi Against Subterranean Termites)
No full textRattan is one of the most popular non-timber forest products. Globally, there are 850 rattan species grown in the world, and 312 species of them were naturally grown in Indonesia and 35 species found in Sulawesi Island. This paper studies the chemical composition of 8 types of rattan from Southeast Sulawesi and its durability against subterranean termite (Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren). The parameters tested include cellulose and lignin. Cellulose was determined by Norman and Jenkins method, while lignin was determined based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 14-0492-1989). Rattan natural durability is tested against Indonesian National Standard (SNI 01-7207-2014). Result shows that the highest cellulose content was found in umili rattan (Calamus macrosphaerion Becc.) which is about 55%, while the lowest cellulose content was found in kuku hitam rattan (Calamus lorelinduensis Becc.) which is about 47.25%. The highest lignin content was recorded at cabang rattan (Korthalsia celebica Becc., 30.78%), while the lowest lignin was recorded at umili rattan (Calamus macrosphaerion Becc., 21.18%). Two rattan were classified into class I, and three rattan were classified into class II, two rattan species into class III and one species is classified into class V.Keywords: chemical composition, durability, rattan, subterranean termite
Eksplorasi Tumbuhan Obat Hutan Berkhasiat Inhibitor HMG-KoA Reduktase (Exploration of Medicinal Forest Plants with HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitory Activity)
No full textFive medicinal forest plants are potential candidates to be developed as cholesterol-reducing herbal product. The objective of this research is to explore the potency of the leaf of pulai ((Alstonia scholaris, R.Br), jabon merah (Antocephalus macrophyllus), jati belanda (Guazuma ulmifolia), mindi (Melia azedarach), and surian (Toona sinensis) based on their main secondary metabolic contents and to study their activity as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, an enzyme key in the regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis. Dried leaves materials were prepared from the each plant by standard procedure and their pythochemicals contents were determined qualitatively. Subsequently, flavonoid fractions from the leaves of all five plants were prepared, and alkaloid fraction was prepared from the leaf of pulai only. The flavonoid content was determined using quercetin as standard. The effect of each samples on the HMG-CoA reductase activity were analyzed using HMGR in vitro assay kit. At concentration of 20 ppm jati belanda leaf extract, however, showed the highest inhibitory activity which was similar to quercetin (5 ppm) as well as pravastatin control inhibitor. Further analysis showed that extracts from leaves of all plants tested were shown to inhibit the HMG-CoA reductase with IC50 values ranging from 7.53 to 52.62 ppm.Keywords: HMG-KoA reductase inhibitor, in vitro assay, medicinal forest plant exploratio
Pengaruh Pengukusan dan Perendaman dengan NaOH terhadap Pelengkungan Kayu Rasamala (Altingia excelsa Noronha), Asam Jawa (Tamarindus indica L.) dan Marasi (Hymeneae courbaril L.) The Influence of Steaming and Soaking in NaOH to Bending of Rasamala (Altingia excelsa Noronha), Java Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) and Marasi (Hymeneae courbaril L.)Wood
No full textWood bent has been observed on three wood species from forest people plantation, i.e. Rasamala (Altingia excelsa Noronha), Java Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) and Marasi (Hymenaea courbaril L.), through steaming and soaking in 3% NaOH pre-treatment.The results showed that pre-treatment by soaking in 3% NaOH for 7 days continued by steaming for 30 minutes at temperature of 105 + 3ºC, could increase bent ability of each wood as follows: Rasamala 124%, Marasi 41% and Java Tamarind wood 13%, compared to bent ability of these woods with steaming treatment only. The Rasamala wood has bigger bent-radius or more difficult to be bent than the two others. Bending radius and increasing of wood bending of wood with high specific gravity is lower than wood with low the specific gravit
Pengaruh Jenis dan Konsentrasi Zat Aditif Perekat dari Kulit Sapi pada Kayu Laminasi Jabon (Effect of Additive Substance and Concentration in Cowhide Adhesive on Jabon Laminated Wood)
No full textRecently, awareness of using natural adhesive materials for biocomposite products was increased. However, natural adhesive still facing many problems on physical and mechanical properties of the resulting biocomposite products. Therefore, adhesive modifications are needed in order to improve natural adhesives performance. The purpose of this study is to understand the effect of additive substance and concentration in cowhide adhesive on Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba) laminated wood. Three types of additive substance (paraformaldehyde, polyurethane and albumin) were added into cowhide adhesive with three different concentration (10, 20 and 30%). The testing were conducted on moisture content, density, shear strength, and delamination. Shear strength was tested according to ASTM D-905 while moisture content, density, and delamination were tested according to JAS 234:2003 standard for Glue Laminated Timber. The results showed that all treatment were not affecting moisture content and density. In addition, additive substance was affecting shear strength and delamination. Nonetheless, concentration of additive substance was only affecting shear strength. The best shear strength value were 63.75 kg cm-2. The value meets the JAS 234:2003 standard. Compared to all of the treatment applied, the best result was achieved by 30% paraformaldehyde addition. Based on this experiment, laminated wood is suitable for interior application.Keywords: bio-adhesive, cowhide adhesive, jabon, laminated woo
Mutu Arang Aktif dari Limbah Kayu Mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla King) sebagai Bahan Penjernih Air Quality of Activated Charcoal from Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King.) Wood Wastes for Water Purification Substance
No full textIndonesian active charcoal demands are relatively high, due to the increase of active charcoal usage in industrial sector. To supply active charcoal demand in industrial sector, sufficient amount of basic materials are needed. One of the alternatives is Mahogany wood waste. The aims of this research are (1) to use wood waste of Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King.) as a raw material for active charcoal, (2) to identify active charcoal characteristics that are formed, (3) to obtain type and concentration of chemical substance that is suitable for active charcoal forming process, (4) to provide better characteristics, and (5) to apply in the best active charcoal on well-water purification to bind kation in order to increase water quality.Activation was conducted chemically and the types of chemical substance for activation were Na2CO3 and NaOH with concentration of 1%; 1.5%; 2%; 2.5% and 3%. The observed parameters were sucrose contents, moisture contents, volatile matter contents, ash contents, carbon contents, adsorptive capacity of benzene, and adsorptive capacity of iodium and adsorptive capacity of methyline blue.The result and analysis showed that wood waste of Mahogany can be used as a raw material of active charcoal forming process; and Na2CO3 and NaOH can be used as activators. The best active charcoal (with activator Na2CO3 1.5 %) quality was having 64.41% sucrose content, 8.24% moisture content, 3.2% ash content, 19.4% volatile matter content, 77.4% carbon content, 14.48% adsorptive capacity of benzene, 1230.93 mg/g adsorptive capacity of iodium and 130.93 mg/g adsorptive capacity of methyline blue. Well-water quality after the best active charcoal had been added showed decreasing of cation element such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and mangan (M
Sifat Fisis Mekanis Papan Partikel dari Serat Sisal atau Serat Abaka setelah Perlakuan Uap Physical and Mechanical Properties of Particleboard Made from Steamed Treated Sisal or Abaca Fibers
No full textComposites made from natural fibers have several weakness, particularly on thickness swelling, due to fiber dimensional changes during swelling of fiber cell wall or changing of lumen dimension by moisture uptaken. Steam treatment on fiber had been expected could reduced fiber water absorbancy by plasticized matrix of fiber cell walls. Fiber of Sisal and Abaca was chopped into 0.5 ~ 2.0 cm of length. Steam treament was conducted in autoclave for 30 minutes on 1.15 atm of pressure and 121ºC of temperature. Chopped fiber was dried in 60ºC oven to obtain 4% of moisture content. Dried fiber was mixed with 10% urea formaldehyde (UF) resin or 8% and 10% melamine urea formaldehyde (MF) resin (based on weight of fiber oven-dried). Glued fiber was formed into 25cm x 25cm x 0.8cm mat, then hot pressed at 20 kgf/cm2 pressure for 10 minutes. Target density was 0.7 g/cm3. Composites conditioning was conducted at room temperature for moisture equilibrium to the enviroment. Physical dan mechanical characteristics testing was carried out based on JIS A 5908 for particle board. Steam treatment could improved physical and mechanical properties of particleboard made from sisal fiber using 8% MF