eJournal MAPEKI (Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia)
Not a member yet
462 research outputs found
Sort by
Dimensional Stability and Characteristics of Modified Young Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) Wood with PEG-1000
No full textThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of wood modification with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-1000 at five concentrations to improve dimensional stability, drying, machining and finishing characteristics of young teak wood. A total of 12 samples for each treatment was prepared to measure an Anti Shrink Efficiency (ASE), as a parameter of dimensional stability and its drying characteristics. Six samples for each treatment were prepared to evaluate machining and finishing characteristics. PEG-1000 with five concentration levels of 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% were impregnated to modify the samples, except control. Afterward, all samples were kiln dried to gain 12% moisture content. ASE was determined by comparing shrinkage percentage of treated sample with those of untreated one. Warping and surface checks were measured as drying characteristics and machining test was conducted in accordance to ASTM D1666-2004. After coating with a nitrocellulose system, surface quality were evaluated by conducting cross-cut test (ASTM D3359), coin test, delamination test (SNI 01-5008.2-1999b) and glossyness test (SNI-06-6052-1999a). Result shows that dimensional stability of impregnated samples with concentration of 30~60% was successfully improved, with ASE of 52~62%. All treated samples demonstrated good drying characteristics and defect-free areas which were more than 90% under machining test. Surface evaluation by delamination test, glossyness test, and coin test indicated that all impregnated samples were well coated by a nitrocellulose system. However, only impregnated samples in concentration of 20% and 30% showed a good result in cross-cut test. Impregnation with PEG-1000 in concentration of 30% is recommended to modify young teak wood.
Kualitas Kayu Lapis dari Finir Bagian Juvenil dan Dewasa Samama (The Quality of Plywood Made from Juvenile and Mature Wood Veneer of Samama
No full textThis study designed 7 types of plywood that were arranged by juvenile and mature part of samama (Anthocephalus macrophyllus) wood, The adhesive used was urea formaldehyde with addition of hardener (NH4Cl) in ratio of 100:1 (weight/weight). The adhesive was applied on both surfaces of core veneer, which were loose and tight surfaces, with glue spread was 150 g m-2. The veneers were arranged in accordance with the research design and the resulted structures were then hot pressed at 110 C for 30 seconds per mm of the plywood’s thickness. The pressure was 10 kg cm-2. The results showed that bonding strength of plywood made from juvenile samama veneer was lower than that of the mature one, although the value was still met SNI standard for type I interior plywood. Furthermore, plywood’s moisture content was also met the requirement of the standard. Plywood density was increased by 11-12% from that of the wood. These findings suggest the suitability of both juvenile and mature wood of samama for the material of good quality plywood. Further studies on determination of other veneer-based products, such as laminated veneer lumber (LVL), were then recommended.Keywords: juvenile, mature, plywood, samama, urea formaldehyd
Perbandingan Struktur Anatomis, Sifat Fisis, dan Sifat Mekanis Kayu Jati Unggul dan Kayu Jati Konvensional Comparative Study on Anatomical Structure and Physical-Mechanical Properties between Tissue Cultural- and Conventional Teakwoods
No full textAnatomical structure and some important properties of 3 years old tissues cultural Teakwood (Tectona grandis L.f.) were studied and compared to those of 3 and 8 years old conventional ones. Wood samples were obtained from standing trees of plantation forest area around Semarang city (Central Java). Anatomical structure was observed using wood section 20 µ thick, while fiber dimension was measured on individual macerated fibers. Physical and mechanical properties of wood were evaluated in accordance with BS 132:57 for small clear specimen using universal testing machine. All wood samples studied were still juvenile since wood density and fibers length tend to increase from pith towards the bark. Both 3 years-old woods, namely tissue cultural and the conventional Teakwoods have not heartwood at the center or the end of the stem except on their basal i.e. 29.81% in the former and 25% in the latter, respectively. The 8 years old conventional Teakwood consisted of 58.23% heartwood at the basal, and 46.30% at the center, respectively. Latewood portion of tissue cultural teakwood was the lowest. Difference between earlywood and latewood in this Teak was unclear and not distinguished well. Wood texture among the samples was moderate. The finest was found on tissue cultural Teakwood while the roughest on the conventional 3 years old. Based on their average in wood density, specific gravity, modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture, it can be said that quality of tissue cultural Teakwood was similar to that of 3 years-old conventional one, but much lower than that of 8 years-old conventional Teakwood although their stem diameters were similar physically. This coincides well with their anatomical characteristics
Pengaruh Posisi pada Batang terhadap Sifat Fisik dan Dimensi Serat Kayu Gmelina Hasil Penjarangan (The Influence of Stem Position on Physical Properties and Fiber Dimension of Gmelina from Thinning Activity)
No full textGmelina arborea Roxb. is a native species to Bangladesh, Cambodia, Southern China, India, Japan, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam, and Indonesia. Its regional name includes Gamar, Yemane, Khamari, White Teak, Gmelina, and Melina. For commercial purposes, gmelina can be reasonably developed for industrial forest plantation or community forest plantation in Indonesia based on its wood characteristics. The objectives of this study were to determine the physical properties and fiber dimension of wood procured from thinning activities. The research showed that the oven and air dried density, air dried specific garvity, and air dried moisture content of the gmelina wood were 0.38 g cm-3, 0.44 g cm-3, 0.37 and 19.82% respectively. The average of the fiber length, fiber diameter, lumen diameter and cell wall thickness were 820.13, 27.16, 21.13, and 3.01 µm, respectively. The differences in position on the stem affect the density, specific gravity and fiber length, in which the higher position of the stem, the lower of their values. But it does not affect the air dry water content, the fiber diameter, lumen diameter and cell wall thickness.Keywords: fiber dimension, Gmelina arborea, physical properties, thinning, wood utilizatio
Sifat Kimia dan Warna Kayu Teras Jati pada Tiga Umur Berbeda Chemical and Colour Properties of Teak Heartwood from Three Different Ages
No full textTeak (Tectona grandis L.f.) wood has gained its high reputation for natural durability, weather resistance, and appearance. The heartwood quality of 15, 25, and 72-year-old teak trees from forest plantation was assessed in relation to chemical and colour properties. With tree age, an increasing tendency was found in the ethanol-benzene and water soluble extractive contents, whereas a decreasing tendency was observed in the pH value. Furthermore, from the ethanol-benzene components, the contents of tectoquinone, squalene, and total quinone increased with age. With regard to the colour properties, the brightness (L*), yellowness (b*), hue (h), and chroma (C*) levels tended to decrease while the redness (a*) level fluctuated with tree ag
Pengembangan Papan Komposit dari Limbah Perkebunan Sagu (Metroxylon sago Rottb.) (Development of Composite Board made from Sago (Metroxylon sago Rottb.) Plantation Waste)
No full textPlantation waste has gained increasing attention as an alternative raw material for use in the manufacture of composite boards, i.e. waste of sago plantation. Medium density composite boards were made from zephyr of sago midrib to evaluate the effects of resin and adhesive content levels. The boards were fabricated using polyurethane (PU) and phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin with three levels of adhesive content i.e. 10%, 12%, and 14%. Physical (moisture content, density, water absorption, and thickness swelling) and mechanical (Modulus of Rupture, Modulus of Elastisity, Screw Holding, and Internal Bonding) properties of composite board were evaluated according to JIS A 5908-2003 standard. Research result showed that properties of composite board made from sago frond with 14% content level of polyurethane adhesive better than other composite board. Based on composite board properties, the board was suitable as building raw material and furniture i.e. partition, cupboard, table, and roof
Variabilitas Massa Jenis Kayu Daun Lebar Tropis terhadap Karakter Serat, Kimia dan Pulp Sulfat Variability of Wood Specific Gravity of Tropical Hardwoods to the Characteristic of Fibers, Chemicals and Pulp Sulfate
No full text The demand for hardwood pulp is rapidly increasing in the world, partly due to the limited availability of softwood and hardwood in developed country of the world and partly due to the technical advantages which short hardwood fibers process for various paper and paperboards. The study was confined to the establishment of appropriate criteria pulpwood from tropical forest. The evaluation and analysis on the effect of wood specific gravity on the fiber properties, wood chemical properties, and pulp characteristics were conducted using data source from Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).The data of wood specific gravity value for the species varied a wide range from 0.30 to 0.98, because of dense nature of wood, high specific gravity species are generally believed to require impregnation and cooking periods. While some among the denser species have high screening reject and high permanganate number (PN) or Kappa number (KN) values. The finding of liquor penetration of chips does not depend wholly on specific gravity but also on the anatomical structure and chemical constituents of wood. As to the other wood and fiber characteristics, strength and physical properties of pulp hand sheet, wood specific gravity a certain relationship to fiber morphology.The results showed that variability of wood specific gravity affected the cell wall thickness, lignin content and pulp sulfate quality. This result of analysis can be used as a preliminary pulping indicator.
Sifat Kimia Kayu Eboni pada Perbedaan Pola Strip dan Arah Radial (Chemical Properties of Diospyros celebica Bakh. in Different Streaks Pattern and Radial Direction)
No full textThe heartwood of ebony displayed series of axial and alternating black and paler streaks. Accordingly, ebony from Central Sulawesi was classified in two different streaks patterns i.e. SL (spider web) and batang macis (matches stick). We investigated the chemical properties (holocellulose, cellulose, lignin, extractive content, ash and pH value) of sapwood, intermediate, and heartwood from the different streaks patterns of ebony wood. The mean value of holocellulose, cellulose, lignin, ethanol-toluena extractive, hot water extractive, ash contents, and pH value were 76.59±3.02%, 50.62±4.86%, 26.72±3.05%, 9.71± 2.97%, 13.54±1.43%, 0.97±0.32%, 5.56±0.39, respectively. On the basis of t-test, holocellulose, cellulose, and hotwater soluble contents were differed significantly between the two streaks patterns. Analysis of variance showed the radial direction also affected significantly on the chemical contents. The contents of the holocellulose, cellulose, lignin, extractive ethanol-toluen and ash were significantly differed among sapwood, intermediate and heartwood. The heartwood showed higher levels of cellulose, lignin, ethanol-toluena extractive and ash contents than those of other parts. On the contrary, the lowest levels of cellulose, lignin, and ash contents and pH value were found in the intermediate wood region.Keywords: chemical properties, Diospyros celebica, radial direction, spider web, streaks patter
Pengaruh Lama dan Suhu Aktivasi Terhadap Kualitas dan Struktur Kimia Arang Aktif Bagasse Effect of Time and Temperature Activation on Quality and Chemical Structure of Bagasse Activated Charcoal
Get PDFThe aim of this research was to determine the effect of time and temperature activation on the quality and chemical structure of bagasse activated charcoal. The study was designed in a completely random design with 3 x 3 factorial, each treatment was 5 times repeated. Bagasse was carbonized in an electrical retort at 400oC for 3.5 hours, then activated at 800oC, 900oC and 1000oC for 30, 60 and 90 minutes at each temperature. The quality of bagasse activated charcoal showed that the yield was 72.57 ~ 91.78%, 5.90 ~ 9.58% moisture content, 39.70 ~ 52.70% volatile matter, 18.40 ~ 25.30% ash content, 26.30 ~ 36.70% fixed carbon, 8.44 ~ 13.40% benzena adsorption, 1036.18 ~ 1474.33 (mg/g) iodium adsorption, 121.91 ~ 124.80 (mg/g) methylene blue adsorption. The surface area of bagasse activated charcoal was 250.45 m2/g. The FTIR analysis indicated that surface of bagasse activated charcoal contained bonding of C-X, S═O, C-N, N-H and C═C. The SEM analysis showed that there were wide pore diameter and plenty of pores. The application of bagasse activated charcoal at two villages reduced the colour, turbidity and iron contents until 65%, 30% manganese contents while hardness of water and pH did not chang
Kajian Hubungan antara Kekuatan Sambungan Paku dengan Diameter Paku dan Berat Jenis Kayu pada Beberapa Kayu Indonesia Study on Correlation between Nail Connection Strength and Both Nail Diameter and Specific Gravity on Several Indonesian Wood
No full textOn a strong, stiff, and stable wood construction for structural purposes, wood connection on several elements on its constituent is generally performed. On this construction, wood connection is a critical point. The strength of this connection is affected by the strength of 3 components, i.e. the connector, the wood, and the connection type. In a truss of structural construction, element of its constituent will receive compressive or tensile loads. In a case of connection, such load is called lateral resistance. In this study, the nail and several Indonesian wood species namely Sengon, Meranti, Kamper, and Bangkirai representing the low, moderate, and high specific gravity, were utilized. Effect of the nail diameter as a connector and wood specific gravity on wood connection has been investigated.The main objective of this research was to study the correlation between nail connection strength in two types of loading (lateral and withdrawal), and both nail diameter and wood specific gravity on several Indonesian wood.Based on this study there was a positive correlation between nail diameter and wood specific gravity on lateral or withdrawal resistance. Increasing both the nail diameter and wood specific gravity, resulted in increasing the wood connection strength. Correlation model for lateral and withdrawal resistances using P as the ultimate load, D as nail diameter, and G as wood specific gravity, respectively were P = 19.95 GD2.07 and P = 38.02 G1.42